miRNA genetic variations associated with the predisposition of oral squamous cell carcinoma in central Indian population Shikha Tiwari, Ritu Pandey, Vinay Kumar, Saikat Das, Vikas Gupta, Rajeev Nema, Ashok Kumar Non Coding RNA Research, 2024 The disease burden of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is rising day-by-day and is expected to rise 62 % through 2035. The chewing of tobacco, areca nut, and betel leaf, poor oral hygiene, and chronic infection are common risk factors of OSCC, but genetic and epigenetic factors also contribute equally. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are comprised of small, non-coding endogenous RNA that regulate a plethora of biological activities by targeting messenger RNA through degradation or inhibition. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes can regulate the development and progression of OSCC. The present study aimed to determine the association between SNPs in miRNA genes (miRSNPs) with the risk of OSCC. A case-control study involving 225 histo-pathologically confirmed OSCC cases and 225 healthy controls was conducted, where 25 miRSNPs were analyzed by iPLEX MassArray analysis. A SNP rs12220909 in MIR4293 showed a highly protective effect (CC vs GG, OR = 0.0431, 95%CI = 0.005–0.323, p = 3e-6). Whereas three SNPs, namely, rs4705342 in MIR143 (CC vs TT, OR = 2.25, 95%CI = 2.00–2.53, p = 0.0008), rs531564 in MIR124 (CC vs GG, OR = 24.18, 95%CI = 3.22–181.37, p = 3e-6), and rs3746444 in MIR499 (AA vs GG, OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.32–3.05, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with a higher risk of OSCC. Additionally, NanoString-based nCounter miRNA expression profiling revealed that miR-499a (Log2FC = −1.07), and miR-143 (Log2FC = −1.56) were aberrantly expressed in OSCC tissue. Taken together, the above miSNPs may contribute to the high incidence of OSCC in central India. However, further studies with large cohorts and ethnic stratification are required to validate our findings.
METABOLIC ENGINEERING OF PLANT VOLATILES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FOR POSTHARVEST QUALITY ENHANCEMENT Bioengineered Fruit and Vegetables Trends in Postharvest Quality Improvement, 2024
Natural and genetically-modified animal models to investigate pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 Shikha Tiwari, Garima Goel, Ashok Kumar International Reviews of Immunology, 2024 Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a primarily respiratory tract disease. Suitable animal models for COVID-19 are required to study various aspects of pathogenesis, drug discovery, effective and safe vaccine development. Several laboratory animals including, non-human primates, hamsters, ferrets, transgenic mice, and zebrafish, have been used and proven their significance experimentally. Currently available animal models of SARS-CoV-2 can be broadly classified into two categories 1) natural animal models 2) genetically-modified that exhibit different degrees of susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2, tissue damage in respiratory and other organ systems. Not all the available animal models mimic COVID-19-like phenotype completely. Therefore, understanding various aspects of COVID-19 requires different animal models. In this review article, we provide an update on the immune response and clinical manifestations observed in naturally occurring and genetically-modified animals of COVID-19. We then review the transmission, viral replication, lung pathology, immunological aspects, and extrapulmonary phenotypes observed in various animal models. In the end, we put forth our perspective on the anticipated uses, disadvantages, and limitations of each type of animal model.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphism miRNA-146a (rs2910164) with increased predisposition to oral squamous cell carcinoma in central India population Shikha Tiwari, Ritu Pandey, Vinay Kumar, Saikat Das, Vikas Gupta, Supriya Vishwakarma, Rajeev Nema, Tulasi Sindhuja, Sana Hashmi, Ashok Kumar Cancer Biomarkers, 2023 BACKGROUND: miRNAs play a crucial role in the genesis of cancer, either as tumor suppressor genes or as oncogenes. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the seed region of microRNAs (miRNAs) can dysregulate their levels in the tissues and thereby affect carcinogenesis. The association of SNP in miR-146a (rs2910164) with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been understood. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we have determined the association and functional significance of miR-146a (rs2910164) SNP with susceptibility to OSCC predisposition. METHODS: In the present case-control study, we enrolled 430 subjects from central India (215 OSCC cases and 215 healthy controls). We performed genotyping by Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP), and their correlation with OSCC susceptibility was analyzed. miRNA expression profiling in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from six OSCC patients was done by a NanoString n-Counter-based assay. Subsequently, gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed with FunRich version 3.13. RESULTS: The CC genotype of rs2910164 miR-146a was significantly associated with the increased risk for OSCC (CC vs GC, OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.48–4.66; p value = 0.001). However, the GC genotype was protective with GC vs CC (OR = 0.38, 95%CI =0.21–0.67, p-value = 0.001), and GC vs GG (OR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.37–0.89, p-value = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our finding suggests that SNP rs2910164 of miR-146a may be a genetic risk factor for OSCC susceptibility in the Central India population. However, more extensive multicenter studies are required to validate these findings.
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