Will Meredith
@nottingham.ac.uk
University of Nottingham
Scopus Publications
- Pore structure evolution in organic-rich shale during thermal maturation: Insights from hydrous pyrolysis of two lacustrine kerogens
Fengtian Bai, Lee A. Stevens, Clement N. Uguna, Wei Li, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape, Christopher H. Vane, Yumin Liu, Chenggong Sun
Fuel, 2026
• Kerogen type controls pore evolution: Type I outperforms Type II. • Supercritical water boosts porosity by 2.9–5.5 times versus non-hydrous. • Water pressure both generates and compacts pores, depending on lithology. • Bitumen infilling causes up to 86% porosity loss in non-hydrous systems. • New shale-water-pressure framework predicts shale gas/oil “sweet spots”. Accurately predicting the evolution of pore networks under realistic thermo-hydro-mechanical conditions remains a critical challenge, limiting the reliable identification of hydrocarbon “sweet spots” in mature shale basins. This study aims to decouple the synergistic controls of thermal maturity, shale composition, water, and pressure on pore development. We conducted systematic, sequential high-pressure hydrous pyrolysis experiments on two compositionally distinct lacustrine shales, immature Huadian (Type II kerogen, high TOC, illite–smectite mixed-layer clay-rich) and Fushun (Type I kerogen, low TOC, siderite-rich) shales. Integrated geochemical analyses (vitrinite reflectance, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, TOC) and pore structure characterization (low-pressure N 2 /CO 2 adsorption, SEM) revealed that thermal maturity is the primary driver for pore development, but its expression is fundamentally mediated by composition. Kerogen type dictates the evolutionary pathway, and TOC dominates the porosity magnitude. Minerals further modulate pore evolution, with carbonate dissolution regenerating porosity and clay stability determining pore integrity. Water is the most critical environmental factor, enhancing porosity by facilitating hydrocarbon expulsion, inhibiting pore-filling, and promoting mineral dissolution. Pressure exerts a dual role, with internal pore pressure promoting porosity, outweighing external compaction in our closed system. Notably, water pressure results in an additional 1.9–4.5-fold increase in pore volume during the wet gas cracking stage compared to non-hydrous conditions. These results establish a novel, integrated shale-water-pressure framework that advances beyond traditional maturity-centric models by quantitatively distinguishing the roles of and interactions between key controlling factors, providing a mechanistic basis for predicting reservoir quality, although its field application requires calibration to account for basin-specific geological complexity. - Phytoremediation of an acid tar pit at Cinderhill, Derbyshire, UK: Lessons learned and future challenges
Matthew F. Johnson, Harvey Wood, Samantha Bryan, Sean Craig, Will Meredith, Colin Snape, Clement N. Uguna
Journal of Environmental Management, 2026
Acid tar pits represent some of the most heavily contaminated land and are widespread in the UK, and globally. They pose significant challenges to remediate, with options typically consisting of financially and logistically expensive mixing and/or moving of contamination and disruption to surrounding areas. Phytoremediation offers a great opportunity to remediate hydrocarbon-related pollution, but many studies take place at small spatial and temporal scales and in controlled conditions. Here we present the monitoring results of a large-scale field trial (30 m × 16 m area) of willow ( Salix ) phytoremediation of an acid tar pit at Cinderhill, UK. Results show that tars had not degraded since deposition in the 1970s before the trial but, after planting with willow spilling, evidence of degradation was clear, with a reduction in n -alkane and PAH concentrations. After 2 years, tar breakdown was only recorded in close association with willow root systems, but after 3 years was documented in tars not targeted by root growth. Willow also stabilised the tar pit surface, altered its topography and enabled the establishment of a diverse understory flora and, along with initial liming of the area, contributed to reduced surface pH from highly acidic to neutral. eDNA of microbial communities in tars near willow roots were highly distinct from tars away from roots, and surrounding soils. The community around willow roots included species known to process PAHs and hydrocarbons, and also to include species that aid vegetation growing in stressful environments. This holistic assessment of the phytoremediation of an acid tar pit indicates its significant potential as a remediation option. Challenges and unforeseen issues during the trial, future work, and knowledge gaps are discussed. • Acid tar pits are present globally and create wildlife and human health risks. • A large, field-based acid tar phytoremediation trial was monitored for 3-years. • Willow saplings grew rapidly on tars, creating a barrier to the acidic surface. • Significant hydrocarbon degradation took place within 3 years around roots. • Phytoremediation shows great potential for in situ remediation of acid tar pits. - Effect of water pressure on bitumen and expelled oil biomarker evolution: Insights from laboratory simulation experiments
Ahmed Khairy, Clement N. Uguna, Waleed Sh. El Diasty, Kenneth E. Peters, Christopher H. Vane, Colin E. Snape, Sherif Farouk, Will Meredith
Organic Geochemistry, 2026 - Hydropyrolysis: towards fluorescence-free Raman spectroscopy analysis of internal diesel injector deposits
Joel Viggars, Sarah Angel-Smith, Graham A. Rance, Ahmed Khairy, Will Meredith, Adrienne Davis, Jim Barker, Jacqueline Reid, David J. Scurr, Colin E. Snape
Analyst, 2026
The application of hydropyrolysis (HyPy) to a series of Internal Diesel Injector Deposits (IDIDs) has significantly reduced the observed fluorescence and enabled acquisition of structurally-informative Raman spectra for the first time. - Simulated charcoalification of Lycopodium spores: The usefulness of spore colour and chemistry for understanding the fossil record
Matthew S. Kent, Teuntje P. Hollaar, Will Meredith, Hendrik Nowak, Phillip E. Jardine, Wesley T. Fraser, Bas van de Schootbrugge, Barry H. Lomax
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2025
The fossil pollen and spore (sporomorph) record includes occurrences of darkened grains typically attributed to thermal maturation from geological processes. However, zones of sporomorph darkening and colour variability within samples sometimes coincide with mass extinction events. Although bimodal sporomorph coloration is relatively common, its abundance often increases markedly during such intervals. These observations have prompted alternative explanatory hypotheses suggesting either environmental stresses on parent plants or possibly reworking of sporomorphs. Here, we propose another explanation: variation in sporomorph colour and darkness may result from combustion in wildfires during large-scale ecological disturbances prior to fossilisation. To test this hypothesis, we investigate how pyrolysis might impact Lycopodium spore colour and darkness. Untreated, intact spores were combusted at temperature increments from 150 to 800 °C. We quantified spore colour by measuring red, green and blue (RGB) intensities and by converting them to Palynomorph Darkness Index (PDI) values. As well as measuring various physical attributes, we used Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine spore chemistry. As pyrolysis temperature increased, spores darkened, lost mass, and shrank. FTIR analysis revealed three distinct chemical states between non-pyrolysed spores and those heated to 375 °C. Physical changes correlated more strongly with temperature, forming different groupings than those of the chemical data, both partially explaining colour change due to pyrolysis. With these data, we establish a baseline for comparison in a future artificial thermal maturation study, which will help determine whether pre-diagenetic combustion could influence, and be preserved in, the physical and chemical properties of fossil sporomorphs. • Darkened fossil spores may reflect wildfire combustion, not just thermal maturation. • Lycopodium spores were combusted at 150–800 °C to test fire-related darkening. • Colour and chemistry of spores shift distinctly with increasing combustion temperature. • FTIR and RGB analysis reveal chemical and physical changes linked to darkening. • Results establish a combustion baseline to aid future fossil spore interpretation. - Biowaste to biochar: a techno-economic and life cycle assessment of biochar production from food-waste digestate and its agricultural field application
Disni Gamaralalage, Sarah Rodgers, Andrew Gill, Will Meredith, Tom Bott, Helen West, Jessica Alce, Colin Snape, Jon McKechnie
Biochar, 2025
Biochar has high potential for long-term atmospheric carbon storage in terrestrial environments, contributing to meeting the UK and global greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. This study investigates the greenhouse gas emissions and techno-economics associated with biochar produced from food waste anaerobic digestate using hydrothermal carbonisation followed by high-temperature post carbonisation. Owing to high moisture contents, digestates are challenging to valorise. However, these low-value feedstocks have steady availability with minimal competition for other applications. The study focuses on food waste digestate supply, biochar production, biochar agricultural field application, and transportation activities. Minimising digestate transport through co-locating biochar production facilities with anaerobic digestion displayed greenhouse gas mitigation costs of < £100 tCO2eq−1 (125 USD tCO2eq−1). The 88% stable carbon fraction of the biochar, which is resistant to degradation in soil, is primarily responsible for the effective removal of atmospheric greenhouse gases. This results in net emissions reductions of 1.15–1.20 tCO2eq per tonne of biochar, predominantly due to the long-term storage of durable carbon (1.7 tCO2eq per tonne of biochar). Using 50% of the UK’s projected available food waste digestate by 2030 offers a sequester potential of 93 ktCO2eq p.a., requiring 28 biochar facilities at 20 kt p.a. capacity. Sensitivity analysis emphasises the influence of the gate fee charged to process digestate, highlighting its importance for economic success of the biochar production. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential technology enhancements to reduce fossil-fuel use and provide greater certainty of the co-benefits of biochar application in agricultural soil. Graphical Abstract - Thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation of organic matter in shales via sequential high-pressure hydrous pyrolysis: Implications for in-situ conversion of unconventional resource
Fengtian Bai, Clement N. Uguna, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape, Christopher H. Vane, Chenggong Sun
Fuel Processing Technology, 2025
Understanding kerogen transformation under geological conditions is critical for optimizing the in-situ conversion (ISC) process of organic-rich unconventional resources. Sequential high-pressure hydrous pyrolysis was employed to investigate the geological thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation mechanisms of organic matter in immature Huadian (Type II 1 kerogen) and Fushun (Type I kerogen) shales. Experiments progressed through four thermal stages, that is Stage 1 (350 °C, 6 h), Stage 2 (350 °C, 24 h), Stage 3 (380 °C, 24 h), and Stage 4 (420 °C, 24 h), with comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon products by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry and solid residues by vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis. The results revealed that the hydrocarbon-generation potential of these two shales declined sharply with a Ro of 0.78–1.23 %, correlating with peak oil generation. Type I kerogen (Fushun) exhibited higher reactivity, generating twice the cumulative oil yield (normalized by TOC) compared to Type II 1 (Huadian) and transitioning earlier to oil dominance. Biomarker evolution (OEP decline, sterane/hopane isomerization) in expelled oil and declining gas dryness index (C 1 /ΣC 1 –C 5 ) correlated strongly with the maturity of organic matter, enabling non-destructive ISC monitoring. Compared to typical temperatures used in ex-situ retorting (520 °C), the kerogen conversion was completed at lower temperatures of 350–420 °C in this study, validating prolonged heating as a viable low-energy ISC strategy. However, high-pressure conditions in geological formations may impede hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency, leading to the retention of viscous bitumen and thus necessitating engineered solutions for effective oil recovery. This research enriches the understanding of high-pressure pyrolysis mechanisms of immature/low-maturity unconventional resources and establishes a geochemical framework for optimizing ISC in recovering the oil from these source rocks, ultimately contributing to advancing sustainable exploitation of unconventional resources. - Green synthesis of NaP1 zeolite from MSWI fly ash and silica-rich solid waste with superior Cu(II) removal efficiency
Daokui Yang, Kien-Woh Kow, Will Meredith, Yaqi Peng, Lei Wang, Xiang Li, Guanlin Zhang, Jiazheng Zhang, Guifang Chen, Jingwei Li, Xujiang Wang, Wenlong Wang, Yanpeng Mao, Mengxia Xu
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025
Microwave hydrothermal treatment provides a promising strategy for detoxifying and valorizing municipal solid waste solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) into zeolite materials. However, the intrinsically low Si/Al ratio of MSWI-FA often results in reduced zeolite purity. To address this issue, an alkali fusion-assisted microwave hydrothermal method was developed to synthesize NaP1 zeolite directly from MSWI-FA, employing silica-rich solid waste as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ).The resultant MSWI-FA-based zeolite (IFA-NaP1) was comprehensively evaluated for its Cu(II) adsorption characteristics. Among the silica-rich solid waste investigated (i.e., silica fume, rice husk ash, and waste glass), silica fume-derived IFA-NaP1 exhibits the most favorable properties, achieving a cation exchange capacity of 2.46 meq∙g −1 , 11 % higher than that of its Na 2 SiO 3 -based counterpart. Mechanistic analysis reveals distinctive silica source-dependent pathways: Na 2 SiO 3 induces multinuclear competition and sequential transformations, whereas silica fume enables a direct sequential transformation. Leaching assessments of IFA-NaP1 confirm its effective immobilization of Pb, Zn, and Cd, with Cr and Cu levels remaining within regulatory thresholds. The silica fume-derived IFA-NaP1 synthesized at 140 °C exhibits superior Cu(II) removal, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 123 mg∙g −1 , 13 % higher than Na 2 SiO 3 -derived material. Thermodynamic analysis shows Cu(II) adsorption is endothermic and entropy-driven, involving mechanisms such as electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, silyl radical reduction, surface complexation, and precipitation. This work highlights a sustainable strategy for converting MSWI-FA into efficient zeolite adsorbents, advancing hazardous waste detoxification and heavy metal remediation. - Quality variation of pyrolytic products from anaerobic digestion crop waste: Influence of increasing inorganics through anaerobic digestion and different pyrolysis conditions
Nidia Diaz Perez, Lambertus A.M. van den Broek, Christian Lindfors, Lee Stevens, William Meredith
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2025
A variety of scenarios concerning the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, due to the amount of material remaining, have been the subject of studies to increase circularity and to generate further high-value products in addition to biogas. Digestate, originated from crop waste, was first utilized in slow, fast and microwave pyrolysis as an additional treatment post-AD for more green product generation. An alternative scenario was assessed whereby the original crop waste (the pre-AD crop) was pyrolyzed directly, without being first fed into an AD system, to evaluate and differentiate the pyrolytic products between this crop waste and the digestate. Around 95 wt% of pre-AD consists of mainly biopolymers: 16 wt% cellulose, 36 wt% hemicellulose, 15 wt% lignin, 29 wt% starch, and only 4 wt% of ash. Crop digestate, collected from the same crop waste AD system, was also analyzed more thoroughly. This analysis revealed that pre-AD changes primarily in the composition of starch and some hemicellulose, as well as an increase in ash content by almost double the amount. The pre-AD crop treated with slow pyrolysis at 355–530 °C yielded 50 wt% of bio-oil with a large amount of primary holocellulose derivatives. In contrast, the same pre-AD crop subjected to microwave pyrolysis for 5 min at a power input of 500 and 700 W generated between 17 wt% and around 26 wt% of bio-oil, characterized by a high acetic acid concentration and a small amount of sugars. Furthermore, biochars derived from the pyrolysis of pre-AD and digestate were evaluated for their capacity as sustainable agents for CO 2 adsorption for potential applications in reducing CO 2 emissions. The surface area of biochars derived from the pre-AD crop subjected to microwave and slow pyrolysis showed values ranging from 170 to 227 m 2 /g. Although the digestate is from the same pre-AD crop, the biochars derived using slow pyrolysis had less surface area, with values between 80 and 130 m 2 /g at around 400 °C, and an average of 175 m 2 /g at 500 °C; with fast pyrolysis 145–185 m 2 /g, and a range of 71–115 m 2 /g with microwave pyrolysis. The AD waste exhibited considerable promise for thermochemical conversion; however, the modification of ash content during the AD process hindered the enhancement of quality in pyrolytic products derived from high-cellulose and -lignin crop digestate. • Pyrolysis of anaerobic digestion waste rich in carbohydrates was investigated. • Slow pyrolysis leads to more primary compounds formation from lignocellulose with pre-AD crops. • Microwave pyrolysis does not favor an optimal thermochemical treatment for AD waste. • High amount of ash in digestate can lower the porosity in the pyrolytic biochar. - Proxies for use in biochar decay models: Hydropyrolysis, electric conductivity, and H/Corg molar ratio
Nikolas Hagemann, Hans-Peter Schmidt, Thomas D. Bucheli, Jannis Grafmüller, Silvio Vosswinkel, Volker Herdegen, William Meredith, Clement N. Uguna, Colin E. Snape
Plos One, 2025
Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced via pyrolysis that is increasingly recognized for its role in carbon sequestration, particularly through its application in agriculture and materials. However, accurately predicting the long-term persistence of biochar in the environment remains challenging. While incubation trials have been widely used to assess biochar degradation, their extrapolation beyond centennial timescales is uncertain. In this study, we evaluate the consistency between three physicochemical characterization methods that are considered as proxies for biochar persistence—hydropyrolysis (HyPy), solid-state electric conductivity (SEC), and elemental analysis to obtain molar hydrogen:carbon ratios. We produced 42 biochars from straw and wood using a continuously operated pilot-scale auger reactor at temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 °C under otherwise constant pyrolysis conditions. We then systematically analyzed the elemental composition, SEC and the fraction of biochar carbon that is resistant to HyPy (BCHyPy). Hydropyrolysis eliminates all free and covalently bound non-aromatic species and all aromatic species consisting of up to seven fused rings. Our results confirm that BCHyPy content increases with pyrolysis temperature and stabilizes above 600–680 °C, reaching >90% of total carbon in high-temperature biochars. Similarly, SEC increased exponentially with pyrolysis severity, correlating strongly with BCHyPy and H/C molar ratio. The latter has so far been used to predict biochar persistence. Our findings from a controlled temperature series of biochars highlight that SEC and BCHyPy could be useful proxies for parameterizing multi-pool decay models of biochars produced in practice. - The effect of high pressure on hydrocarbon generation from Type-I kerogen source rocks: Implications for petroleum system evolution
Ahmed Khairy, Clement N. Uguna, Christopher H. Vane, Waleed Sh. El Diasty, Kenneth E. Peters, Colin E. Snape, Sherif Farouk, Will Meredith
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2025 - Catalytic and kinetic investigation into 4-dimethylamino pyridine/1,3-diphenyl thiourea catalyzed synthesis of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate under pure CO2 and simulated flue gas conditions
Udeme O. Eton, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape
Fuel, 2025 - Pyrogenic carbon and carbonating minerals for carbon capture and storage (PyMiCCS) part I: production, physico-chemical characterization and C-sink potential
Johannes Meyer zu Drewer, Maria-Elena Vorrath, Thorben Amann, Jens Hartmann, Jose Maria De la Rosa, Jens Möllmer, Sara Maria Pérez-Dalí, William Meredith, Clement Uguna, Colin Snape, Claudia Kammann, Hans-Peter Schmidt, Nikolas Hagemann
Frontiers in Climate, 2025 - Co-treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and alumina-/silica-containing waste: A critical review
Daokui Yang, Kien-Woh Kow, Wenlong Wang, Will Meredith, Guanlin Zhang, Yanpeng Mao, Mengxia Xu
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2024 - Correction to: Comparison of bio-oils derived from crop digestate treated through conventional and microwave pyrolysis as an alternative route for further waste valorization (Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, (2024), 14, 14, (15739-15754), 10.1007/s13399-022-03712-6)
Nidia Diaz Perez, Christian Lindfors, Lambertus A. M. van den Broek, Jacinta van der Putten, William Meredith, John Robinson
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2024 - Comparison of bio-oils derived from crop digestate treated through conventional and microwave pyrolysis as an alternative route for further waste valorization
Nidia Diaz Perez, Christian Lindfors, Lambertus A. M. van den Broek, Jacinta van der Putten, William Meredith, John Robinson
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2024 - Fast pyrolysis of agricultural residues: Reaction mechanisms and effects of feedstock properties and microwave operating conditions on the yield and product composition
Ana Karen Silos-Llamas, Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo, Virginia Hernández-Montoya, Will Meredith, Gabriela Durán-Jiménez
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2023 - Low-temperature chemical looping oxidation of hydrogen for space heating
Fatih Güleç, Jude A. Okolie, Peter T. Clough, Ahmet Erdogan, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape
Journal of the Energy Institute, 2023 - Geochemical evaluation and hydrocarbon generation potential of the Upper Cretaceous–Pliocene succession, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt
Sherif Farouk, Ahmed Khairy, Amr M. Shehata, Clement N. Uguna, Tamer El Sheennawy, Ahmad Salama, Khaled Al-Kahtany, Will Meredith
Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2023 - A comprehensive analysis on the synthesis of value-added chemicals via slow pyrolysis: Valorisation of rapeseed residue, whitewood, and seaweed (Laminaria digitata)
Fatih Güleç, Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo, Emily T. Kostas, Orla Williams, Abby Samson, Will Meredith, Edward Lester
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2023 - Geochemical assessment and hydrocarbon potential of Oligocene–Pliocene source rocks from northeast onshore Nile Delta, Egypt
Ahmed Khairy, Waleed Sh. El Diasty, Clement N. Uguna, Kenneth E. Peters, Christopher H. Vane, Colin E. Snape, Will Meredith
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2023 - CO2 capture from fluid catalytic crackers via chemical looping combustion: Regeneration of coked catalysts with oxygen carriers
Fatih Güleç, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape
Journal of the Energy Institute, 2023 - The productivity effects of macroalgal biochar from Ulva Linnaeus bloom species on Arabidopsis thaliana Linnaeus seedlings
Finlay Kenneth, Catherine F.H. Joniver, William Meredith, Jessica M.M. Adams
European Journal of Phycology, 2023 - Synergistic effect in co-processing a residue from a transesterification process with vacuum gas oil in fluid catalytic cracking
Abubakar M. Haruna, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape
Fuel, 2022 - Molecular and isotopic evidence for the origin of light oils and associated gases in the onshore northeast Nile Delta
A. Khairy, W. Sh. El Diasty, K.E. Peters, W. Meredith
Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2022 - The effect of oil extraction on porosity and methane adsorption for dry and moisture-equilibrated shales
Wei Li, Lee A. Stevens, Will Meredith, Clement N. Uguna, Christopher H. Vane, Bo Zhang, Andrew D. Carr, Dingye Zheng, Colin E. Snape
Fuel, 2022 - Opening the black box: Soil microcosm experiments reveal soot black carbon short-term oxidation and influence on soil organic carbon mineralisation
Marta Crispo, Duncan D. Cameron, Will Meredith, Aaron Eveleigh, Nicos Ladommatos, Ondřej Mašek, Jill L. Edmondson
Science of the Total Environment, 2021 - Heavy metals and metalloids concentrations across UK urban horticultural soils and the factors influencing their bioavailability to food crops
Marta Crispo, Miriam C. Dobson, Roscoe S. Blevins, Will Meredith, Janice A. Lake, Jill L. Edmondson
Environmental Pollution, 2021 - Preservation and Distributions of Covalently Bound Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Ancient Biogenic Kerogens and Insoluble Organic Macromolecules
Kelden Pehr, Rose Bisquera, Andrew N. Bishop, Frantz Ossa Ossa, William Meredith, Andrey Bekker, Gordon D. Love
Astrobiology, 2021 - Green and simple approach for low-cost bioproducts preparation and CO2 capture
Gabriela Durán-Jiménez, Emily T. Kostas, Lee A. Stevens, Will Meredith, Maria Erans, Virginia Hernández-Montoya, Adam Buttress, Clement N. Uguna, Eleanor Binner
Chemosphere, 2021 - Comparison of the impact of moisture on methane adsorption and nanoporosity for over mature shales and their kerogens
Wei Li, Lee A. Stevens, Clement N. Uguna, Christopher H. Vane, Will Meredith, Ling Tang, Qianwen Li, Colin E. Snape
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2021 - Microwave Regeneration of Spent Sulphurous Activated Carbon
Ampere 2021 Proceedings 18th International Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Applications, 2021 - MICROWAVE AND CONVENTIONAL PYROLYSIS TO PRODUCE VALUABLE PRODUCTS FROM DIGESTATE
Ampere 2021 Proceedings 18th International Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Applications, 2021 - It's the product not the polymer: Rethinking plastic pollution
Thomas Stanton, Paul Kay, Matthew Johnson, Faith Ka Shun Chan, Rachel L. Gomes, Jennifer Hughes, William Meredith, Harriet G. Orr, Colin E. Snape, Mark Taylor, Jason Weeks, Harvey Wood, Yuyao Xu
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, 2021 - Effect of char addition on anaerobic digestion of animal by-products: evaluating biogas production and process performance
Cristian Bernabé Arenas, William Meredith, Collin Edward Snape, Xiomar Gómez, José Francisco González, Elia Judith Martinez
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020 - Demonstrating the applicability of chemical looping combustion for the regeneration of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts
Fatih Güleç, Will Meredith, Cheng-Gong Sun, Colin E. Snape
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020 - Microwave pyrolysis of olive pomace for bio-oil and bio-char production
Emily T. Kostas, Gabriela Durán-Jiménez, Benjamin J. Shepherd, Will Meredith, Lee A. Stevens, Orla S.A. Williams, Gary J. Lye, John P. Robinson
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020 - Progress in the CO2 Capture Technologies for Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Units—A Review
Fatih Güleç, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape
Frontiers in Energy Research, 2020 - Formation of bitumen in the Elgin–Franklin complex, Central Graben, North Sea: Implications for hydrocarbon charging
W. Meredith, C. N. Uguna, C. E. Snape, A. D. Carr, I. C. Scotchman
Geological Society Special Publication, 2020 - Shale gas reserve evaluation by laboratory pyrolysis and gas holding capacity consistent with field data
Patrick Whitelaw, Clement N. Uguna, Lee A. Stevens, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape, Christopher H. Vane, Vicky Moss-Hayes, Andrew D. Carr
Nature Communications, 2019 - Thermal Cracking of Oil under Water Pressure up to 900 Bar at High Thermal Maturities: 2. Insight from Light Hydrocarbon Generation and Carbon Isotope Fractionation
Liujuan Xie, Yongge Sun, Clement N. Uguna, Youchuan Li, Colin E. Snape, Will Meredith
Energy and Fuels, 2019 - A novel approach to CO2 capture in Fluid Catalytic Cracking—Chemical Looping Combustion
Fatih Güleç, Will Meredith, Cheng-Gong Sun, Colin E Snape
Fuel, 2019 - Selective low temperature chemical looping combustion of higher alkanes with Cu- and Mn- oxides
Fatih Güleç, Will Meredith, Cheng-Gong Sun, Colin E. Snape
Energy, 2019 - Evaluating the effect of biochar addition on the anaerobic digestion of swine manure: application of Py-GC/MS
Xiomar Gómez, William Meredith, Camino Fernández, Mario Sánchez-García, Rebeca Díez-Antolínez, Jorge Garzón-Santos, Collin E. Snape
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018 - The impact of hydrothermal carbonisation on the char reactivity of biomass
Robert J. Stirling, Colin E. Snape, Will Meredith
Fuel Processing Technology, 2018 - Dynamics of charcoal alteration in a tropical biome: A biochar-based study
Philippa L. Ascough, Michael I. Bird, William Meredith, Colin Snape, D. Large, Emma Tilston, David Apperley, Ana Bernabé, Licheng Shen
Frontiers in Earth Science, 2018 - Data descriptor: Methane transport in agricultural soil after injection of isotopically-enriched methane in the sub-surface
George Shaw, Brian Atkinson, William Meredith, Colin Snape, David Lever, Andrew Hoch
Scientific Data, 2018 - Co-Liquefaction of wastes and coal mixtures to produce added value liquid compounds
F. Pinto, P. Costa, F. Paradela, P. Silva, W. Meredith, L. Stevens, C. Snape
Chemical Engineering Transactions, 2018 - Improving spatial predictability of petroleum resources within the Central Tertiary Basin, Spitsbergen: A geochemical and petrographic study of coals from the eastern and western coalfields
Jacob O. Uguna, Andrew D. Carr, Chris Marshall, David J. Large, Will Meredith, Malte Jochmann, Colin E. Snape, Christopher H. Vane, Maria A. Jensen, Snorre Olaussen
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2017 - Increased charcoal yield and production of lighter oils from the slow pyrolysis of biomass
Scott H. Russell, Juan Luis Turrion-Gomez, Will Meredith, Paul Langston, Colin E. Snape
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2017 - Cryogenian evolution of stigmasteroid biosynthesis
Yosuke Hoshino, Aleksandra Poshibaeva, William Meredith, Colin Snape, Vladimir Poshibaev, Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Nikolay Kuznetsov, Arne Leider, Lennart van Maldegem, Mareike Neumann, Sebastian Naeher, Małgorzata Moczydłowska, Jochen J. Brocks, Amber J. M. Jarrett, Qing Tang, Shuhai Xiao, David McKirdy, Supriyo Kumar Das, José Javier Alvaro, Pierre Sansjofre, Christian Hallmann
Science Advances, 2017 - Molecular characterization of the thermally labile fraction of biochar by hydropyrolysis and pyrolysis-GC/MS
Alessandro G. Rombolà, Daniele Fabbri, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape, Alba Dieguez-Alonso
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2016 - Retardation of oil cracking to gas and pressure induced combination reactions to account for viscous oil in deep petroleum basins: Evidence from oil and n-hexadecane pyrolysis at water pressures up to 900 bar
Clement N. Uguna, Andrew D. Carr, Colin E. Snape, Will Meredith
Organic Geochemistry, 2016 - The priming potential of environmentally weathered pyrogenic carbon during land-use transition to biomass crop production
Gary J. McClean, Will Meredith, Andrew Cross, Kate V. Heal, Gary D. Bending, Saran P. Sohi
Gcb Bioenergy, 2016 - Pyrolysis oil upgrading in high conversions using sub- and supercritical water above 400 °c
Khairuddin Md Isa, Colin E. Snape, Clement Uguna, Will Meredith, Hui Deng
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2016 - Impact of high water pressure on oil generation and maturation in Kimmeridge Clay and Monterey source rocks: Implications for petroleum retention and gas generation in shale gas systems
Clement N. Uguna, Andrew D. Carr, Colin E. Snape, Will Meredith, Iain C. Scotchman, Andrew Murray, Christopher H. Vane
Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016 - Thermal Cracking of Oil under Water Pressure up to 900 bar at High Thermal Maturities. 1. Gas Compositions and Carbon Isotopes
Liujuan Xie, Yongge Sun, Clement N. Uguna, Youchuan Li, Colin E. Snape, Will Meredith
Energy and Fuels, 2016 - Dates and fates of pyrogenic carbon: Using spectroscopy to understand a "missing" global carbon sink
Spectroscopy Europe, 2016 - Multiple Cosmic Sources for Meteorite Macromolecules?
Mark A. Sephton, Jonathan S. Watson, William Meredith, Gordon D. Love, Iain Gilmour, et al.
Astrobiology, 2015 - Radiocarbon dating of charcoal from the Bianjiashan site in Hangzhou: New evidence for the lower age limit of the Liangzhu Culture
Xiaoyu Zhang, Dasong Huang, Han Deng, Colin Snape, Will Meredith, et al.
Quaternary Geochronology, 2015 - Fate of Soil Organic Carbon and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Vineyard Soil Treated with Biochar
Alessandro G. Rombolà, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape, Silvia Baronti, Lorenzo Genesio, et al.
Environmental Science and Technology, 2015 - Impact of solvent type and condition on biomass liquefaction to produce heavy oils in high yield with low oxygen contents
Hui Deng, Will Meredith, Clement N. Uguna, Colin E. Snape
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2015 - High conversions of miscanthus using sub- and supercritical water above 400 °C
Khairuddin Md. Isa, Colin E. Snape, Clement Uguna, Will Meredith
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2015 - Geochemistry and petrology of palaeocene coals from Spitzbergen - Part 2: Maturity variations and implications for local and regional burial models
Chris Marshall, Jacob. Uguna, David J. Large, William Meredith, Malte Jochmann, et al.
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2015 - Geochemistry and petrology of Palaeocene coals from Spitsbergen - Part 1: Oil potential and depositional environment
Chris Marshall, David J. Large, William Meredith, Colin E. Snape, Clement Uguna, et al.
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2015 - Development and use of catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) as an analytical tool for organic geochemical applications
Rsc Detection Science, 2015 - High pressure water pyrolysis of coal to evaluate the role of pressure on hydrocarbon generation and source rock maturation at high maturities under geological conditions
Clement N. Uguna, Andrew D. Carr, Colin E. Snape, Will Meredith
Organic Geochemistry, 2015 - Spectroscopic Studies of Internal Injector Deposits (IDID) Resulting from the Use of Non-Commercial Low Molecular Weight Polyisobutylenesuccinimide (PIBSI)
Jim Barker, Jacqueline Reid, Colin Snape, David Scurr, William Meredith
SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 2014 - The efficiency of charcoal decontamination for radiocarbon dating by three pre-treatments - ABOX, ABA and hypy
Michael I. Bird, Vladimir Levchenko, Philippa L. Ascough, Will Meredith, Christopher M. Wurster, et al.
Quaternary Geochronology, 2014 - Quantifying 12/13CH4 migration and fate following sub-surface release to an agricultural soil
G. Shaw, B. Atkinson, W. Meredith, C. Snape, M. Steven, et al.
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2014 - A hydrous pyrolysis study to ascertain how gas yields and the extent of maturation for a partially matured source rock and bitumen in isolation compared to their whole source rock
Clement N. Uguna, Mohammed H. Azri, Colin E. Snape, Will Meredith, Andrew D. Carr
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2013 - Direct evidence from hydropyrolysis for the retention of long alkyl moieties in black carbon fractions isolated by acidified dichromate oxidation
W. Meredith, P.L. Ascough, M.I. Bird, D.J. Large, C.E. Snape, et al.
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2013 - Migration and fate of 14CH4 in subsoil: Tracer experiments to inform model development
B. S. Atkinson, W. Meredith, C. Snape, M. Steven, A. R. Hoch, et al.
Mineralogical Magazine, 2012 - Assessment of hydropyrolysis as a method for the quantification of black carbon using standard reference materials
W. Meredith, P.L. Ascough, M.I. Bird, D.J. Large, C.E. Snape, et al.
Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 2012 - A laboratory pyrolysis study to investigate the effect of water pressure on hydrocarbon generation and maturation of coals in geological basins
Clement N. Uguna, Andrew D. Carr, Colin E. Snape, Will Meredith, Miguel Castro-Díaz
Organic Geochemistry, 2012 - Biomedical and forensic applications of combined catalytic hydrogenation-stable isotope ratio analysis
Analytical Chemistry Methods and Applications, 2011 - Diesel injector deposits - An issue that has evolved with engine technology
J. Barker, P. Richard, C. Snape, W. Meredith
SAE Technical Papers, 2011 - Thermolytic solvent extraction of biomass to produce heavy oils in high yield with low oxygen contents
ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, 2010 - A novel technique for investigating the nature and origins of deposits formed in high pressure fuel injection equipment
Jim Barker, Paul Richards, Colin Snape, Will Meredith
SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 2010 - Hydropyrolysis over a platinum catalyst as a preparative technique for the compound-specific carbon isotope ratio measurement of C27 steroids
Will Meredith, Rachel L. Gomes, Mick Cooper, Colin E. Snape, Mark A. Sephton
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2010 - Comparison of microscale sealed vessel pyrolysis (MSSVpy) and hydropyrolysis (Hypy) for the characterisation of extant and sedimentary organic matter
Lyndon J. Berwick, Paul F. Greenwood, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape, Helen M. Talbot
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2010 - Hydropyrolysis: Implications for radiocarbon pretreatment and characterization of black carbon
P L Ascough, M I Bird, W Meredith, R E Wood, C E Snape, et al.
Radiocarbon, 2010 - Does water pressure retard coalification?
ACS National Meeting Book of Abstracts, 2009 - Analysis of conjugated steroid androgens: Deconjugation, derivatisation and associated issues
Rachel L. Gomes, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape, Mark A. Sephton
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2009 - The effect of water pressure on hydrocarbon generation reactions: Some inferences from laboratory experiments
A. D. Carr, C. E. Snape, W. Meredith, C. Uguna, I. C. Scotchman, et al.
Petroleum Geoscience, 2009 - Hydropyrolysis as a new tool for radiocarbon pre-treatment and the quantification of black carbon
P.L. Ascough, M.I. Bird, F. Brock, T.F.G. Higham, W. Meredith, et al.
Quaternary Geochronology, 2009 - Fossil steroids record the appearance of Demospongiae during the Cryogenian period
Gordon D. Love, Emmanuelle Grosjean, Charlotte Stalvies, David A. Fike, John P. Grotzinger, et al.
Nature, 2009 - A novel technique for investigating the nature and origins of deposits formed in high pressure fuel injection equipment
Jim Barker, Paul Richards, Colin Snape, Will Meredith
SAE Technical Papers, 2009 - Conjugated steroids: Analytical approaches and applications
Rachel L. Gomes, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape, Mark A. Sephton
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2009 - Geochemical characterisation of heavily biodegraded tar sand bitumens by catalytic hydropyrolysis
Oluwadayo O. Sonibare, Colin E. Snape, Will Meredith, Clement N. Uguna, Gordon D. Love
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2009 - Maximising the yield of bound aliphatic biomarkers via a convenient two-stage hydropyrolysis procedure
Proceedings of the 6th Aaapg International Conference Petroleum Geochemistry and Exploration in the Afro Asian Region, 2008 - Release of bound aliphatic biomarkers via hydropyrolysis from Type II kerogen at high maturity
Robert S. Lockhart, Will Meredith, Gordon D. Love, Colin E. Snape
Organic Geochemistry, 2008 - The occurrence of unusual hopenes in hydropyrolysates generated from severely biodegraded oil seep asphaltenes
Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape, Andrew D. Carr, Hans P. Nytoft, Gordon D. Love
Organic Geochemistry, 2008 - The use of model compounds to investigate the release of covalently bound biomarkers via hydropyrolysis
Will Meredith, Chen-Gong Sun, Colin E. Snape, Mark. A. Sephton, Gordon D. Love
Organic Geochemistry, 2006 - Hydropyrolysis: A new technique for the analysis of macromolecular material in meteorites
Mark A. Sephton, Gordon D. Love, Will Meredith, Colin E. Snape, Cheng-Gong Sun, et al.
Planetary and Space Science, 2005 - Hydropyrolysis of steroids: A preparative step for compound-specific carbon isotope ratio analysis
Mark A. Sephton, Will Meredith, Cheng‐Gong Sun, Colin E. Snape
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2005 - Hydropyrolysis as a preparative method for the compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of fatty acids
Mark A. Sephton, Will Meredith, Cheng‐Gong Sun, Colin E. Snape
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2005 - The potential of bound biomarker profiles released via catalytic hydropyrolysis to reconstruct basin charging history for oils
Christopher A. Russell, Colin E. Snape, Will Meredith, Gordon D. Love, Ed Clarke, et al.
Organic Geochemistry, 2004 - Trapping hydropyrolysates on silica and their subsequent thermal desorption to facilitate rapid fingerprinting by GC-MS
Will Meredith, Christopher A. Russell, Mick Cooper, Colin E. Snape, Gordon D. Love, et al.
Organic Geochemistry, 2004 - Behaviour of model substrates in catalytic hydropyrolysis to investigate preservation of biomarkers released from kerogens and asphaltenes
ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry Preprints, 2003 - Determination of naphthenic acids in crude oils using nonaqueous ion exchange solid-phase
D. M. Jones, J. S. Watson, W. Meredith, M. Chen, B. Bennett
Analytical Chemistry, 2001 - Influence of biodegradation on crude oil acidity and carboxylic acid composition
W Meredith, S.-J Kelland, D.M Jones
Organic Geochemistry, 2000
