1. Diploma in Architecture, University Technology Malaysia, 2004
2. Bachelor of Architecture, University Technology Malaysia, 2009
3. Master Science in Housing University Science Malaysia, 2011
4. Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture, University Science Malaysia, 2019
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Architecture, Arts and Humanities, Social Sciences, Urban Studies
13
Scopus Publications
110
Scholar Citations
6
Scholar h-index
1
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Correlation Between Quality of Housing and Resident Satisfaction: A Study of High-Rise Low-Cost Housing in Penang Journal of Design and Built Environment, 2025
Hygiene Challenges in Old Public Housing: A Case Study of Rifle Range Flat, Penang Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard, Puteri Yuliana Samsudin, Wenny Arminda, Nurul ‘Ulyani Mohd Najib Built Environment Journal, 2025 This exploratory study investigates hygiene conditions in the old public housing environment, with a focus on the Rifle Range Flats in Penang. The research aims to provide insights into the state of hygiene and the factors influencing it within this specific housing setting. Using a qualitative approach, including case study methodology and on-site observations, the study examines various aspects of hygiene, such as cleanliness, waste management, and resident perceptions. Initial findings highlight a complex interplay of factors affecting hygiene levels at the Rifle Range Flats. While residents express satisfaction with the routine rubbish collection conducted by management twice daily, concerns emerge regarding the organisation of stalls within the housing complex. Additional issues, such as pest control, ventilation, and water sanitation, are identified as critical areas for further investigation. This study's findings offer valuable implications for housing authorities and community stakeholders in developing targeted interventions to enhance hygiene standards and improve the overall well-being of residents in similar public housing settings.
Stable diffusion in architectural design: Closing doors or opening new horizons? Yujie Cao, Azhan Abdul Aziz, Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard International Journal of Architectural Computing, 2025 This study explored integrating Stable Diffusion, a generative artificial intelligence (AI), into architectural design workflows, focusing on its impact on design process and students’ learning experiences. A comparative analysis revealed an optimized workflow incorporating Stable Diffusion, which enhanced design exploration, conceptualization and visualization in early design stages. Demonstrations showcased text/image-to-image capabilities generating architectural visuals. Employing a mixed-methods research design, which encompasses comparative analysis and a thorough questionnaire-based exploration, the research sheds light on the challenges and opportunities of integrating Stable Diffusion into architectural education and practice. While receptive, some concerns existed around AI automation risks. The paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the transformative potential of generative AI, particularly Stable Diffusion, in reshaping workflows and educational dimensions of architectural design. Findings advise integrating emerging AI like Stable Diffusion into architecture curricula to equip students for AI-driven industries, emphasizing judicious human-AI collaboration. Further research could continue optimizing hybrid human-AI design workflows.
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLACE ATTACHMENT AND YOUTH’S INVOLVEMENT IN RICE FIELD ACTIVITIES Puteri Yuliana Samsudin, Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard Planning Malaysia, 2024 Youth’s experience, knowledge and values in relation to rice field activities play an important role in motivating the youth to get involved in these activities. However, there is a lack of research that focuses on the relationship between place attachment and activity involvement. The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between place attachment and rural youth’s involvement in rice field activities. Three homestays in Kedah were selected as case studies and quantitative (302 questionnaires) approaches were applied to achieve the objective. The questionnaire survey was conducted among youth aged 20 - 34 years old. Major findings in this study include a positive relationship between place attachment and youth activity involvement. Youth who have knowledge, experience, and values in relation to rice field activities are inclined to be involved in homestay activities. The findings of this study contribute to the theories regarding youth activity involvement and place attachment. It is suggested that practitioners in built environment, tourism planning and landscape planning as well as parents should help to encourage the youth to get involved in rice field activities in homestay programmes and in their daily lives.
Performance and Perception Disparities in Blended Learning Across Varied Vocational Academic Backgrounds Yujie Cao, Azhan Abdul Aziz, Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 2024 With rising popularity of vocational education in China, the study investigates how academic backgrounds influence vocational students’ perceptions and learning outcomes in a blended SketchUp course, guided by Blended Learning framework and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Quantitative data from 71 undergraduate and 71 junior college interior architecture students was analyzed using statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and t-tests. The analysis showed no significant differences between academic groups in academic achievements, but differences in several perceptions, suggesting equitable learning experiences in the blended course. Tutorial videos may have contributed to personalized pacing, reducing variations among learners. Applying TAM to analyze student acceptance and engagement further enriches understanding of how academic backgrounds impact the utilization of educational technologies. These findings emphasized the potential of well-designed blended learning models for inclusive education. Results verified and enriched blended learning theory regarding differentiated instructions and online personalization to foster equitable, quality education, addressing diverse learning needs.
AI 2D-3D Generation in Architectural Design: A Divine Hand or a Pandora's Box Yujie Cao, Azhan Abdul Aziz, Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard, Chang Xu, Muhamad Abdul Aziz Bin Ab Gani, Issarezal Bin Ismail 2024 IEEE 22nd Student Conference on Research and Development Scored 2024, 2024 This study explores the integration of AI-powered 2D-to-3D generation tools in architectural design workflows, focusing on open-source ComfyUI and its 3D pack extension. A mixed-methods approach combining workflow demonstrations with architecture students and quantitative survey analysis reveals both potential applications and pedagogical implications. While not yet practical for professional use, AIgenerated 3D models serve as valuable educational tools for conceptual design, facilitating spatial visualization and design exploration. Survey results ($\\mathrm{N}=126$) revealed strong student support for AI integration in architectural education, driven more by its future potential than current capabilities. This forward-looking perspective and ability to separate educational benefits from job security concerns indicate students’ preparedness for an AI-influenced profession. This study demonstrates how AI-driven 3D generation tools can be effectively integrated into architectural design workflows and education, balancing technological innovation with pedagogical needs.
Digital Projection Immersive Narrative Display and Interactive Technology: A Study on the Impact on Audience Engagement Chang Xu, Muhamad Abdul Aziz Bin Ab Gani, Issarezal Bin Ismail, Yujie Cao, Azhan Abdul Aziz, Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard 2024 IEEE 22nd Student Conference on Research and Development Scored 2024, 2024 This study delves into how digital projection immersive narrative displays and interactive technology significantly enhance audience attention, emotional engagement, and behavioral response, thereby influencing overall audience engagement. This study employs experimental design and data analysis to examine the immersive experience created by projection mapping technology, multimedia content, narrative structure, and interaction design. It focuses on how these elements impact audience attention, emotional involvement, and behavioral responses. The findings reveal that immersive projection environments, non-linear narratives, and multimodal interactions notably boost audience engagement. Based on empirical results, optimization strategies for VR immersive narrative displays are proposed, providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for improving exhibition experiences and communication effectiveness.
University students’ perspectives on Artificial Intelligence: A survey of attitudes and awareness among Interior Architecture students Yujie Cao, Azhan Abdul Aziz, Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, 2023 This study explores interior architecture students' perspectives on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and their implications for future career prospects. A survey of 230 third-year interior architecture students in China utilized a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)-based questionnaire, yielding 158 valid responses. The investigation aimed to gauge students' familiarity with recent AI advancements (e.g., ChatGPT, Stable Diffusion, Midjourney) and their readiness to incorporate AI into their future careers. Findings unveiled limited awareness of cutting-edge AI technologies and concerns about AI's impact on employment opportunities. Nonetheless, students exhibited receptiveness to integrating AI for enhanced productivity and creativity. The structural equation modeling verified TAM's efficacy in forecasting students' AI acceptance intentions, highlighting perceived usefulness and ease of use as pivotal factors. The study's insights offer guidance for educational institutions to cultivate emerging technology competence among students, enabling them to excel in a design industry undergoing AI-driven transformations. The study's contribution lies in the application of TAM to evaluate AI acceptance within the distinct domain of interior design education.
Comparative Learning Environment of Architectural Design Studio Layout in Malaysia Wan Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard, Tengku Anis Qarihah Raja Abdul Kadir, Tengku Intan Suraya Tengku Aziz, Zuhairah Mohd Mokhtar Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2023 Architecture is a collective art with many design projects of group-based were held. The design culture of the school is influenced by each particular project, which makes the students participate in this critical group discussion and highly urged to work in the studio. This study tends to compare the spatial layout of architectural design studios by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages affecting the student’s productivity. They were differences in the learning cultures among architecture students in universities A, B and C as the local university in Malaysia. The current generation of students demands a smart studio with an interactive spatial design layout, which may foster students’ development, especially in their learning-based studio sessions. This study aims to identify the characteristic of a good spatial design layout suitable for the architectural design course with better anthropometric measurements. The qualitative methodologies involved observation of the studio’s environment based on the three selected universities in Perak, Selangor and Johor Bahru. The comparative analysis involved a few attributes, such as the space layout, walkway distance, lecture space and furniture arrangement in the studio, which affect the student’s learning and the lecturer’s teaching method. In summary, characteristics of a good and conducive learning environment will be highlighted, and recommendations for interactive space for students were proposed for them to learn and work in good conditions by improving the studio’s spatial design.
IDENTIFYING THE ARCHITECTURAL LANGUAGE FOR TRADITIONAL MALAY AND CLASSICAL MALAY ARCHITECTURE Malaysian Construction Research Journal, 2023
Architectural Value in Tanggam System on the Traditional Malay House Noraslinda Binti Abdul Rahman, Mohd Hamdan Ahmad, Rohayu Daud, Siti Azira Abd Rahim, Nasrudin Sharkawi, Samsiah Abdullah, Wan Nur Rukiah Arshard, Sharifah Salwa Syed Mahdzar Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2022
Correlation Between Quality of Housing and Resident Satisfaction: A Study of High-Rise Low-Cost Housing in Penang WNRM Arshard, TIST Aziz, W Arminda 2025
Spatial Experiences and Housing Satisfaction of Living in Old Public Housing Projects: Insights from Georgetown, Malaysia WNRM Arshard, KAK Hassan 2025
Smart space: a booking solution for architecture schools AR Khamaruzaman, WNR Mohd Arshard, MZ Mohd Zaki, AF Yusof, ... The 14th international invention, innovation & design competition 2025 … , 2025 2025
Hygiene challenges in old public housing: a case study of Rifle Range Flat, Penang WNR Mohd Arshard, PY Samsudin, W Arminda, NU Mohd Najib Built Environment Journal 22 (2), 153-166 , 2025 2025
AI 2D-3D Generation in Architectural Design: A Divine Hand or a Pandora’s Box Y Cao, AA Aziz, WNRM Arshard, C Xu, MAAB Ab Gani, IB Ismail 2024 IEEE 22nd Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 203-208 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Digital Projection Immersive Narrative Display and Interactive Technology: A Study on the Impact on Audience Engagement C Xu, MAAB Ab Gani, IB Ismail, Y Cao, AA Aziz, WNRM Arshard 2024 IEEE 22nd Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 623-627 , 2024 2024
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLACE ATTACHMENT AND YOUTH’S INVOLVEMENT IN RICE FIELD ACTIVITIES PY Samsudin, WNRM Arshard PLANNING MALAYSIA 22 , 2024 2024
Satisfaction with Elderly in Multigenerational Family Living in Kuala Lumpur WNRM Arshard e-Jurnal Penyelidikan dan Inovasi 11 (1), 103-114 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
The" Sound of Nature" music pavilion (ICON) UiTM Seri Iskandar WNR Mohd Arshard, MNG Yusup, MR Siti Khairunnisa Proceeding for International Undergraduates Get Together 2024 (IUGeT 2024 … , 2024 2024
University students' perspectives on Artificial Intelligence: A survey of attitudes and awareness among Interior Architecture students Y Cao, AA Aziz, WNRM Arshard Universidad Pablo de Olavide , 2023 2023 Citations: 67
Perspectivas de estudiantes universitarios sobre la Inteligencia Artificial: Un estudio de actitudes y conciencia entre estudiantes de Arquitectura de Interiores Y Cao, AA Aziz, W Arshard Int. J. Educ. Res. Innov 20, 1-23 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Satisfaction with Elderly Facilities in Multigenerational Family Living in Kuala Lumpur WNRM Arshard, PY Samsudin, AR Khamaruzaman, AF Yusof Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences 5 (4), 152-159 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Comparative learning environment of architectural design studio layout in Malaysia WNRM Arshard, TAQRA Kadir, TIST Aziz, ZM Mokhtar IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1217 (1), 012019 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Anthropometric considerations for studio chair and table design in architecture studio UiTM Seri Iskandar Perak MDAW Amirudin, WNR Mohd Arshard e-Proceeding 6th Undergraduate Seminar on Built Environment and Technology … , 2023 2023
Geometric patterns windows and doors Masjid Jamek Sultan Abdul Samad Kuala Lumpur KQ Eizar Azlan, WNR Mohd Arshard e-Proceeding 6th Undergraduate Seminar on Built Environment and Technology … , 2023 2023
Indoor and Outdoor Air and Lighting Quality Assessment in High-Rise Low-Cost Housing in Penang WNRM Arshard, W Arminda, TAQRA Kadir Planning Malaysia 20 , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
Landskap pokok buah-buahan di halaman rumah budaya masyarakat Malaysia M Zainal, WNR Mohd Arshard Epitome of Nature (EON) , 2022 2022
Architectural value in Tanggam system on the traditional Malay house NBA Rahman, MH Ahmad, R Daud, SAA Rahim, N Sharkawi, S Abdullah, ... Advances in Civil Engineering Materials: Selected Articles from the … , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
INFLUENCE OF COLOUR TOWARDS A CONDUCIVE AND COMPREHENSIVE PRESCHOOL FOR THE CHILDREN NAMWNRM Arshard Confrence Proceeding 5th International Undergraduate Seminar on Built … , 2022 2022
Traditional Malay couched embroidery “tekat benang emas” and community in Padang Changkat Kuala Kangsar, Perak FH Ahmad Fuad, WNR Mohd Arshard, M Zainal, NA Mohamed Noor ARTe: Art and Community, volume Ill series Ill November 2022, 43-47 , 2022 2022
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
University students' perspectives on Artificial Intelligence: A survey of attitudes and awareness among Interior Architecture students Y Cao, AA Aziz, WNRM Arshard Universidad Pablo de Olavide , 2023 2023 Citations: 67
Indoor and Outdoor Air and Lighting Quality Assessment in High-Rise Low-Cost Housing in Penang WNRM Arshard, W Arminda, TAQRA Kadir Planning Malaysia 20 , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
Architectural value in Tanggam system on the traditional Malay house NBA Rahman, MH Ahmad, R Daud, SAA Rahim, N Sharkawi, S Abdullah, ... Advances in Civil Engineering Materials: Selected Articles from the … , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
Houses design of Low cost Housing in Malaysia WNRMA Ku, AK Hassan 2015 Citations: 7
Perspectivas de estudiantes universitarios sobre la Inteligencia Artificial: Un estudio de actitudes y conciencia entre estudiantes de Arquitectura de Interiores Y Cao, AA Aziz, W Arshard Int. J. Educ. Res. Innov 20, 1-23 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Comparative learning environment of architectural design studio layout in Malaysia WNRM Arshard, TAQRA Kadir, TIST Aziz, ZM Mokhtar IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1217 (1), 012019 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
AI 2D-3D Generation in Architectural Design: A Divine Hand or a Pandora’s Box Y Cao, AA Aziz, WNRM Arshard, C Xu, MAAB Ab Gani, IB Ismail 2024 IEEE 22nd Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 203-208 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Satisfaction with Elderly Facilities in Multigenerational Family Living in Kuala Lumpur WNRM Arshard, PY Samsudin, AR Khamaruzaman, AF Yusof Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences 5 (4), 152-159 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Adaptation to study environmental challenges: COVID-19 and new norms W Nur Rukiah Mohd Arshard, W Rabiah Wan Omar, P Yuliana Samsudin, ... IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 881 (1), 012022 , 2021 2021 Citations: 2
Satisfaction with Elderly in Multigenerational Family Living in Kuala Lumpur WNRM Arshard e-Jurnal Penyelidikan dan Inovasi 11 (1), 103-114 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Persepsi penghuni warga emas terhadap kepuasan fasiliti awam perumahan kos rendah bertingkat tinggi di Pulau Pinang WNR Mohd Arshard, PY Samsudin, I Ismail Borneo Akademika 6 (1), 55-66 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Correlation Between Quality of Housing and Resident Satisfaction: A Study of High-Rise Low-Cost Housing in Penang WNRM Arshard, TIST Aziz, W Arminda 2025
Spatial Experiences and Housing Satisfaction of Living in Old Public Housing Projects: Insights from Georgetown, Malaysia WNRM Arshard, KAK Hassan 2025
Smart space: a booking solution for architecture schools AR Khamaruzaman, WNR Mohd Arshard, MZ Mohd Zaki, AF Yusof, ... The 14th international invention, innovation & design competition 2025 … , 2025 2025
Hygiene challenges in old public housing: a case study of Rifle Range Flat, Penang WNR Mohd Arshard, PY Samsudin, W Arminda, NU Mohd Najib Built Environment Journal 22 (2), 153-166 , 2025 2025
Digital Projection Immersive Narrative Display and Interactive Technology: A Study on the Impact on Audience Engagement C Xu, MAAB Ab Gani, IB Ismail, Y Cao, AA Aziz, WNRM Arshard 2024 IEEE 22nd Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 623-627 , 2024 2024
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLACE ATTACHMENT AND YOUTH’S INVOLVEMENT IN RICE FIELD ACTIVITIES PY Samsudin, WNRM Arshard PLANNING MALAYSIA 22 , 2024 2024
The" Sound of Nature" music pavilion (ICON) UiTM Seri Iskandar WNR Mohd Arshard, MNG Yusup, MR Siti Khairunnisa Proceeding for International Undergraduates Get Together 2024 (IUGeT 2024 … , 2024 2024
Anthropometric considerations for studio chair and table design in architecture studio UiTM Seri Iskandar Perak MDAW Amirudin, WNR Mohd Arshard e-Proceeding 6th Undergraduate Seminar on Built Environment and Technology … , 2023 2023
Geometric patterns windows and doors Masjid Jamek Sultan Abdul Samad Kuala Lumpur KQ Eizar Azlan, WNR Mohd Arshard e-Proceeding 6th Undergraduate Seminar on Built Environment and Technology … , 2023 2023
