Automatic Card Shufflers and Antitrust Litigation: An Arbitration Perspective Tariq K. Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 2026 This paper examines an American Arbitration Association (AAA) class action proceeding in which Mohawk Gaming Enterprises LLC alleges that Light & Wonder Inc. and L&W Gaming Inc. fraudulently obtained and enforced patents, thereby monopolizing the market for automatic card shufflers and violating Sections 2 and 3 of the Sherman Act. Although centered on the gaming industry, this dispute typifies how patent‐ or monopoly‐related arbitration controversies can arise in various sectors from pharmaceuticals to technology, highlighting broader questions about collective redress of widespread economic and social harms. Central to the dispute is whether class‐wide arbitration is permissible under the AAA Supplementary Rules, which require that putative class members share sufficiently similar arbitration clauses and present common legal and factual issues. The Arbitrator found that the prerequisites of numerosity, commonality, typicality, and adequacy of both class representatives and counsel were satisfied. Moreover, despite variations in some arbitration clauses, the Arbitrator deemed them “substantially similar,” rejecting Respondents' reliance on Lamps Plus v. Varela to demand explicit consent from each class member. Concluding that class arbitration is a superior mechanism for resolving widespread claims of inflated pricing, the Arbitrator stayed the Award for potential judicial review, thereby underscoring the evolving landscape of antitrust enforcement and class arbitrations.
Engineer's Determination under FIDIC Red Book 2017: Navigating Ethical Tensions between Neutrality and Loyalty Tariq K. Alhasan Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 2026 Subclause 3.7 of the FIDIC Red Book 2017 directs the engineer to act neutrally when determining claims, while Subclause 3.1 elsewhere deems the engineer the employer’s agent. This institutional duality generates ethical and legal tensions that affect fairness, cost, schedule, and enforceability. The paper examines that tension through doctrinal analysis; a comparative review of FIDIC 1999, FIDIC 2017, and new engineering contract (NEC) [with targeted reference to joint contracts tribunal (JCT) certifier jurisprudence and selected civil-law good-faith duties]; and a normative-ethics synthesis drawing on deontology, consequentialism, and virtue ethics. The 2017 neutrality innovation narrows but does not eliminate the agency/adjudicator conflict. Tribunals and boards expect even-handed consultation, reasoned determinations, and disciplined use of notice mechanisms (including finality absent a valid notice of dissatisfaction, NOD), yet the undefined nature of neutrality and the engineer’s economic ties to the employer preserve residual bias risks. Professional codes (FIDIC/ICE/RICS) endorse impartial conduct but lack subclause-specific operational tools; digital record-keeping and smart-contract concepts can reinforce transparency without substituting for human judgment. The paper offers a clause-specific legal definition of neutrality under Subclause 3.7; consolidates FIDIC/NEC contrasts; translates ethical theory into practitioner instruments; and proposes actionable devices an engineer’s declaration of impartiality, a 42/42/28 decision flow with a reasons matrix, and a conflict-check/recusal protocol alongside drafting guidance for particular conditions and professional codes. Adopting this toolkit should reduce disputes, accelerate payment and time decisions, and enhance the integrity and enforceability of engineer determinations.
Blockchain-Enhanced Construction Records: Transforming Evidentiary Standards and Dispute Resolution in International Arbitration Tariq K. Alhasan Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 2026 Fragmented construction records prolong disputes and erode evidentiary confidence in international arbitration. This paper interrogates whether permissioned-blockchain ledgers can recalibrate that evidentiary calculus by embedding immutability, cryptographic authentication, and distributed consensus within project documentation. Methodologically, this study employs a doctrinal-comparative approach, examining the UNCITRAL model law, IBA rules on evidence (2020), and the FIDIC conditions of contract (2017), combined with a technical synthesis of permissioned blockchain architectures. The research demonstrates that blockchain-verified records satisfy admissibility, relevance, and weight thresholds while obviating conventional authentication burdens. Real-world pilots illustrate automated notice compliance and payment certification through smart contracts, revealing measurable reductions in cost and delay. A phased implementation framework details protocol selection, hybrid storage architecture, governance safeguards, and change-management strategies that mitigate interoperability, privacy, and stakeholder-alignment challenges. The findings characterize blockchain not as incremental digitization but as a jurisprudential inflection point capable of redistributing evidentiary risk and accelerating finality in construction arbitration. Consequently, industry adoption promises heightened transparency, equitable risk allocation, and globally harmonized dispute-resolution efficiency gains.
Enforcement gaps in emerging capital markets: A comparative assessment of insider dealing regulation in Jordan and France Lana Al Khalaileh, Tariq Kamal Alhasan, Hamzeh Abu Issa, Majd Waleed Almanasra Journal of Economic Criminology, 2026 This article compares insider dealing enforcement in Jordan and France to identify which combinations of substantive legal rules and institutional design produce credible deterrence in capital markets. Using a doctrinal-comparative method, the analysis evaluates (i) the legal definition of inside information, (ii) the elements of liability, (iii) sanction design and procedural safeguards, and (iv) enforcement architecture, including administrative sanctioning and its relationship to criminal prosecution. The article argues that Jordan’s framework is functionally oriented but under-specifies key constraints that structure enforcement in mature market-abuse regimes. The main gaps concern precision and material price sensitivity within the definition of inside information, and institutional capacity to investigate and sanction quickly. A further tension appears where broad, largely objective liability and evidentiary presumptions coexist with modest expected sanction severity in practice. By contrast, the French and EU approach combines a granular definition of inside information with strong administrative enforcement capacity and coordinated interaction between administrative and criminal tracks under due process constraints. The article proposes a reform package for Jordan that tightens definitional elements, clarifies fault standards across insider categories, recalibrates sanctions to reflect illicit gain and market impact, and introduces an independent administrative sanctioning mechanism with robust procedural guarantees. These measures aim to improve enforceability, proportionality, and investor confidence while aligning Jordan’s regime with IOSCO expectations for effective market-abuse deterrence. • Defines deterrence metric for insider dealing enforcement in emerging markets • Benchmarks Jordan’s inside information definition against EU MAR constraints • Shows how weak precision, materiality, and capacity undermine deterrence in Jordan • Explains French/EU dual-track enforcement with due-process safeguards • Offers design options: clarify fault, scale sanctions, add admin sanctioning body
Linguistic Competence in Arbitration: A Foundation for Equity and Efficiency Tariq K. Alhasan Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 2026 This article examines the indispensable role of linguistic competence in securing procedural fairness and efficiency within multilingual arbitration. Through doctrinal analysis of landmark arbitral awards and comparative cross-jurisdictional case studies, it demonstrates how translation errors, cultural misinterpretations, and proficiency gaps erode due process and award legitimacy. Integrating insights from sociolinguistics, cognitive science, and computational linguistics, the study develops a unifying framework linking arbitrators’ intercultural communication skills and metalinguistic awareness to enhanced access to justice and procedural integrity. Empirical examples illustrate three core procedural safeguards: (1) mandatory intercultural communication training for arbitrators; (2) standardized prehearing translation and interpretation protocols (including glossaries, back-translation checks, and certified translator rosters); and (3) selective deployment of AI-assisted translation tools under strict human oversight. The article further advocates institutional reforms—establishing minimum linguistic competence benchmarks and promoting multilingual arbitration panels—to embed these safeguards into arbitral practice. By situating these recommendations within Sustainable Development Goals 4 (Quality Education), 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions), the study underscores how strengthening linguistic competence advances global commitments to education, innovation, and equal access to justice. In doing so, it positions linguistic competence not merely as a procedural enhancement but as a transformative force that aligns arbitration with broader principles of equity and efficiency in the global legal landscape.
Advancing Sustainability in International Arbitration: The Development of the Arbitration Sustainability Index (ASI) Tariq K. Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 2026 Pressure is mounting for international arbitration to align with global sustainability expectations, yet scattered initiatives—virtual hearings, e‐bundles, diversity pledges—offer no coherent metric of success. This article proposes the Arbitration Sustainability Index (ASI), a voluntary soft‐law instrument that converts the UN Sustainable Development Goals and ESG benchmarks into a tri‐partite scorecard of arbitration's environmental, economic, and procedural/social performance. Through doctrinal analysis of leading rules, treaties, and case law, nine quantifiable indicators are distilled and embedded in a weighted 35–30–35 scoring model. A branching‐logic scenario and proof‐of‐concept simulation illustrate the ASI's capacity both to diagnose carbon‐light, cost‐proportionate, and inclusive procedures and to spur reform via reputational competition rather than legal compulsion. By standardizing data collection and enabling cross‐institutional comparison, the ASI equips scholars with a testable construct, practitioners with an audit tool, and policymakers with an evidence base for soft‐law or legislative nudges. Future empirical studies will refine weightings and track behavioral uptake, advancing the ASI toward a widely recognized sustainability benchmark for arbitration.
From streets to screens: legal implications of internet begging Hamzeh Abu Issa, Naji Al wreikat, Tareq Al-billeh, Tariq Alhasan Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 2025 The evolution from traditional street begging to digital solicitation—referred to as internet begging—marks a significant shift in how individuals seek charitable assistance. This study employs a four‐pronged methodological approach: (a) a comprehensive literature review that identifies prevailing debates and research gaps; (b) a comparative legal analysis of regulatory frameworks in Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt; (c) detailed case studies of judicial decisions illustrating enforcement practices; and (d) a policy analysis that formulates concrete recommendations. Our findings reveal that internet begging constitutes a distinct cybercrime. Specifically, it requires both actus reus and mens rea in order to meet the legal thresholds set out in Article 23 of Jordan’s Cybercrime Law No. 17 of 2023, which imposes penalties of six to twelve months’ imprisonment and fines from 3000 to 5000 dinars. The paper critically examines the implications of criminalizing digital solicitation by addressing the tension between preventing exploitation and considering the socioeconomic drivers that lead individuals to seek aid online. Furthermore, it explores how Islamic doctrines and cultural norms in Jordan and the broader Arab world shape legal responses. While international instruments provide frameworks for combating digital offenses, they do not explicitly regulate internet begging, thereby revealing a regulatory gap. This study fills that gap through a novel comparative legal analysis combined with a policy evaluation and offers actionable recommendations aimed at enhancing enforcement, promoting rehabilitation, and strengthening international cooperation. The implications of our findings extend to legal practitioners, policymakers, and scholars, providing a robust foundation for future legislative reforms to effectively regulate digital solicitation activities.
Whether Delegation or Assistance: Clarifying the Role of Tribunal Secretaries in ICC Arbitration Tariq K. Alhasan Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 2025 This paper explores the evolving role of tribunal secretaries in arbitration, with a focus on the landmark 2023 decision by the Belgian Supreme Court in Emek Insaat Sti Ltd and WTE Wassertechnik GmbH v. European Union. The court upheld the principle that secretaries may assist arbitrators in drafting awards under necessary supervision, provided that ultimate decision-making authority remains with the arbitrators. This decision aligns with international practices, reflecting a pragmatic balance between procedural efficiency and the integrity of arbitration. Analyzing key aspects of the case, including allegations of improper delegation, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) guidelines, and the court’s reasoning, this note highlights the safeguards necessary to preserve fairness and autonomy in arbitration. The implications of this ruling for global arbitration practices are discussed, emphasizing the need for greater clarity and harmonization of rules governing secretarial involvement in arbitral processes.
Independent contractors in hospitals: Liability, consent, and patient safety Tariq K. Alhasan Journal of Healthcare Risk Management the Journal of the American Society for Healthcare Risk Management, 2025 This paper examines the legal complexities surrounding hospital liability for malpractice committed by independent‐contractor physicians, particularly within high‐risk emergency care contexts. Through rigorous doctrinal analysis of landmark US decisions including Stelzer v. Northwest Community Hospital (2023), Popovich v. Allina Health System (2020), and Estate of Essex v. Grant County Public Hospital District No. 1 (2024) alongside seminal Commonwealth judgments such as Woodland v. Swimming Teachers Association (UK, 2013) and Kondis v. State Transport Authority (Australia, 1984), the study evaluates how courts apply the doctrines of vicarious liability, nondelegable duty, and apparent authority in cases involving explicit consent disclaimers. Findings reveal significant judicial inconsistencies regarding whether clear contractual disclaimers fully absolve hospitals of institutional liability. To address this doctrinal ambiguity, the paper proposes a novel hybrid liability model that maintains the protective legal force of explicit disclaimers when patients genuinely comprehend their scope, while preserving hospitals’ overarching nondelegable obligations to patient safety, particularly in emergency care. By aligning doctrinal reform and policy recommendations, such as multilayered consent strategies, rigorous contractor oversight, integrated communication protocols, and comprehensive governance‐level audits with the aims of SDG3, this study offers an actionable framework to enhance healthcare transparency, accountability, and patient safety across contemporary health systems.
Blockchain-Enhanced Construction Records: Transforming Evidentiary Standards and Dispute Resolution in International Arbitration TK Alhasan Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and … , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Engineer’s Determination under FIDIC Red Book 2017: Navigating Ethical Tensions between Neutrality and Loyalty TK Alhasan Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and … , 2026 2026
Enforcement gaps in emerging capital markets: A comparative assessment of insider dealing regulation in Jordan and France L Al Khalaileh, TK Alhasan, HA Issa, MW Almanasra Journal of Economic Criminology 11, 100210 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Linguistic competence in arbitration: A foundation for equity and efficiency TK Alhasan Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and … , 2026 2026 Citations: 4
Advancing Sustainability in International Arbitration: The Development of the Arbitration Sustainability Index (ASI) TK Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly , 2026 2026
Whether delegation or assistance: Clarifying the role of tribunal secretaries in ICC arbitration TK Alhasan Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and … , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Independent contractors in hospitals: Liability, consent, and patient safety TK Alhasan Journal of Healthcare Risk Management 45 (2), 15-23 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Beyond words: Ensuring due process in multilingual arbitrations T Alhasan, A Burr International Journal for the Semiotics of Law-Revue internationale de … , 2025 2025 Citations: 12
From streets to screens: legal implications of internet begging H Abu Issa, T Al-billeh, T Alhasan Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 12 (1), 1-11 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Linguistic proficiency disclosures in international arbitration: Enhancing fairness and efficiency TK Alhasan International Journal for the Semiotics of Law-Revue internationale de … , 2025 2025 Citations: 14
From Pathology to Precision: Transforming Multi‐Tiered Dispute Resolution Clauses in International Contracts TK Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly 42 (4), 557-563 , 2025 2025 Citations: 15
Integrating AI into arbitration: Balancing efficiency with fairness and legal compliance TK Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly 42 (4), 523-534 , 2025 2025 Citations: 47
The role of blockchain in modernizing FIDIC contracts: Opportunities and challenges TK Alhasan Tech Fusion in Business and Society: Harnessing Big Data, IoT, and … , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Managing legal risks in health information exchanges: A comprehensive approach to privacy, consent, and liability TK Alhasan Journal of Healthcare Risk Management 44 (4), 12-24 , 2025 2025 Citations: 25
Automatic Card Shufflers and Antitrust Litigation: An Arbitration Perspective TK Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Arbitration in the era of trade wars: Balancing sovereignty and global commerce TK Alhasan Social Sciences & Humanities Open 12, 101945 , 2025 2025 Citations: 11
Justice in the balance: The crucial role of disclosure in ensuring justice in Jordanian arbitration MA Tarawneh, TK Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly 42 (1), 5-14 , 2024 2024 Citations: 27
Progress and Challenges in the Legal Framework of Women's Rights in Jordan JK Al-Zubi, M Maaqqbeh, SM Awaisheh, YA Mofleh, SM Awaisheh, ... International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 19 (1), 519-531 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
The Dichotomy of Interests a Comparative Analysis of Civil and Administrative Lawsuits in the Jordanian Legal System SM Awaisheh, NA Al-Dabbas, TK Alhasan, M Odeibat, AA Kurdi International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 19 (1), 135-151 , 2024 2024 Citations: 18
Smart Robots and Civil Liability in Jordan: A Quest for Legal Synthesis in the Age of Automation. AM Al-Hawamdeh, TK Alhasan Jordanian Journal of Law & Political Science 16 (2) , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Integrating AI into arbitration: Balancing efficiency with fairness and legal compliance TK Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly 42 (4), 523-534 , 2025 2025 Citations: 47
The right of public employee to defend disciplinary penalty in Jordan TK Alhasan, SM Awaisheh, SM Awaisheh International Journal of Public Law and Policy 10 (2), 190-203 , 2024 2024 Citations: 38
Economic development, natural resource utilization, GHG emissions and sustainable development: A case study of China F Ze, WK Wong, T kamal Alhasan, A Al Shraah, A Ali, I Muda Resources Policy 83, 103596 , 2023 2023 Citations: 28
Justice in the balance: The crucial role of disclosure in ensuring justice in Jordanian arbitration MA Tarawneh, TK Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly 42 (1), 5-14 , 2024 2024 Citations: 27
Managing legal risks in health information exchanges: A comprehensive approach to privacy, consent, and liability TK Alhasan Journal of Healthcare Risk Management 44 (4), 12-24 , 2025 2025 Citations: 25
Multi‐tiered dispute resolution clauses in engineering contracts: A Jordanian legal perspective TK Alhasan, AM Al‐Hawamdeh Conflict Resolution Quarterly , 2023 2023 Citations: 25
The Dichotomy of Interests a Comparative Analysis of Civil and Administrative Lawsuits in the Jordanian Legal System SM Awaisheh, NA Al-Dabbas, TK Alhasan, M Odeibat, AA Kurdi International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 19 (1), 135-151 , 2024 2024 Citations: 18
Between commitment and reality: A critical examination of Jordan's adherence to the New York Convention 1958 MA Tarawneh, TK Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly , 2024 2024 Citations: 16
From Pathology to Precision: Transforming Multi‐Tiered Dispute Resolution Clauses in International Contracts TK Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly 42 (4), 557-563 , 2025 2025 Citations: 15
Linguistic proficiency disclosures in international arbitration: Enhancing fairness and efficiency TK Alhasan International Journal for the Semiotics of Law-Revue internationale de … , 2025 2025 Citations: 14
Ostensible agency in Jordanian civil law: An in-depth scrutiny of juridical frameworks and the imperative for legislative reformulation AM Alfawaeer, TK Alhasan, AM Alfaoury Relacoes Internacionais no Mundo Atual 4 (42), 810-831 , 2023 2023 Citations: 13
Beyond words: Ensuring due process in multilingual arbitrations T Alhasan, A Burr International Journal for the Semiotics of Law-Revue internationale de … , 2025 2025 Citations: 12
The devil is in the details: An analysis of the criteria for adequate reasoning in arbitral awards in Jordan TK Alhasan Conflict Resolution Quarterly 41 (3), 357-361 , 2024 2024 Citations: 12
Arbitration in the era of trade wars: Balancing sovereignty and global commerce TK Alhasan Social Sciences & Humanities Open 12, 101945 , 2025 2025 Citations: 11
The status of digital evidence in administrative litigation S Aawishe, T Al-Hassan, A Mansour Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies 27 (3), 42-55 , 2024 2024 Citations: 11
Progress and Challenges in the Legal Framework of Women's Rights in Jordan JK Al-Zubi, M Maaqqbeh, SM Awaisheh, YA Mofleh, SM Awaisheh, ... International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 19 (1), 519-531 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Smart Robots and Civil Liability in Jordan: A Quest for Legal Synthesis in the Age of Automation. AM Al-Hawamdeh, TK Alhasan Jordanian Journal of Law & Political Science 16 (2) , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
The role of blockchain in modernizing FIDIC contracts: Opportunities and challenges TK Alhasan Tech Fusion in Business and Society: Harnessing Big Data, IoT, and … , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Investigating the dynamic creep and the tensile performance of zeolitic tuff-modified warm asphalt mixtures B Al-Mistarehi, S Hanandah, A Shtayat, A Qtaishat, TK Alhasan, ... The Open Transportation Journal 18 (1) , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Linguistic competence in arbitration: A foundation for equity and efficiency TK Alhasan Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and … , 2026 2026 Citations: 4
