A metaheuristic approach to compare different combined economic emission dispatch methods involving load shifting policy Srikant Misra, P. K. Panigrahi, Saradindu Ghosh, Bishwajit Dey Environment Development and Sustainability, 2026 Distributed generators (DGs), which can be traditional fossil fuel generators or renewable energy sources (RES), must be appropriately planned in order to reduce a power network’s overall generating cost. Renewable energy sources (RES) should be prioritized because they provide a clean and sustainable energy supply and are abundant in nature. Demand side management (DSM) optimizes the scheduling of flexible loads to reduce peak demand and improve the load factor, while keeping daily demand unchanged. The test system in this research employs a dependable and effective hybrid optimization tool to plan the DGs of a dynamic system in a way that matches low active power production costs with low pollutant emissions. The fitness functions used in the test system were non-linear due to the presence of the valve point effect (VPE). The costs and emissions were evaluated for various fitness functions which included involvement of wind, DSM, and different types of combined economic emission dispatch (CEED) methods. The test system’s peak demand was cut by 12% and the load factor was raised from 0.7528 to 0.85 when DSM technique was used. The generation cost has been reduced from $1,014,996 to $1,012,182 using CSAJAYA algorithm which was further reduced to $1,007,441 after incorporating DSM. Likewise, the CEEDppf was also observed to be reduced to $1,231,435 and $1,216,885 with and without DSM compared to $1,232,001 from reported literature. Numerical results show that both the cost and emission were reduced significantly using the proposed CSAJAYA compared to a long-sighted list of algorithms published in literature. Graphical Abstract
Flexibility in load demand and PHEV parameters for clean and economic microgrid operation Bishwajit Dey, Srikant Misra, Arnab Pal Scientific Reports, 2025 To lower expenses and environmental impacts, the integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) into distribution networks is vital, especially in microgrid (MG) systems. Furthermore, demand-side management (DSM) measures like load shifting and price-based demand response (PBDR) help to improve the economic performance of MG systems. However, various factors influence PHEV operations, including arrival and departure times to the charging platforms, battery capacity, state of charge during arrival and departure, and overall availability in the charging platform. These considerations have a noticeable impact on the cost-effectiveness of MG operations. This paper offers a novel one-to-one-based optimisation algorithm for minimising the generating cost of an MG system while considering various PHEV operational factors and DSM tactics. The subject MG system operates in grid connected mode and is powered by a microturbine, a fuel cell, and renewables, which also facilitates the charging requirements of a PHEV. A thorough investigation is carried out by taking three varieties of PHEVs with varied battery capacity and charging/discharging power levels. Furthermore, a balanced economic emission dispatch is used to achieve the best trade-off between cost minimisation and pollution reduction, ensuring long-term MG functioning. Numerical results corroborate the improvement of load factor and reduction of peak demand using DSM methods. Shifting the availability of PHEV in the charging platform during the early hours of the day proved to be a cost-effective decision due to the lower load demand and lower electricity market price during those hours. The proposed approach improves economic efficiency while also encouraging greener energy use, making it a feasible alternative for future MG systems that incorporate PHEVs.
Cost-effective optimal scheduling of PHEV integrated microgrid with load curve restructuring strategies Bishwajit Dey, Srikant Misra, Gulshan Sharma, Pitshou N. Bokoro Discover Computing, 2025 Demand Side Management (DSM) is a well-recognized concept that seeks to optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of a distribution system. DSM encompasses load shifting and load curtailment strategies, both designed to mitigate the system's peak demand. The former is an optimization-based method that repositions the elastic loads to hours with low tariff rates, thereby filling the gaps and reducing the peak. The latter offers incentives to consumers to encourage their participation and reduce energy consumption during periods of high demand. In order to minimize the overall operating cost, the unique work done in this study intends to analyze ten exhaustive cases on a low voltage (LV) microgrid (MG) system and optimally schedule the distributed energy resources (DERs). The complexity of the work is further enhanced by the inclusion of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) which integrates Grid to Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technologies to charge and discharge itself using the utility assigned electricity market price. The work used the Differential Evolution (DE) method as an optimisation framework. The ten exhaustive scenarios were analyzed to acknowledge the impact of the involvement and pricing of the grid, PHEV and DSM strategies mentioned above. Numerical study confirms that the load shifting policy and the type of load curtailing policy which rewarded the customer based on their willingness to curtail loads along with delivering benefit to the DISCOM were more cost-effective compared to the rest of the cases. Furthermore, it was also noted that time of usage (TOU) based electricity pricing was economical for entities which participated in bidirectional flow of power like grid and PHEV.
An amalgamated load shifting cum curtailing policy with smart charging of PHEV for economic operation of microgrid system Bishwajit Dey, Srikant Misra, Arnab Pal, Fausto Pedro Garcia Marquez Scientific Reports, 2025 The most popular concept, demand-side management (DSM) aims to economize the operation and performance of a distribution model. The major policies of the DSM are Load-altering and load-curtailing policies, and both work to lower the system's peak demand. The load altering or shifting employs an optimization-enabled strategy that reallocates loads of elastic types to periods of lower pricing, therefore mitigating peaks by filling in the troughs. The latter provides incentives to customers for participating and curtailing the load during peak hours. This research aims to implement integrated load shifting and curtailment algorithms inside a microgrid with a low voltage category system to distribute energy resources that are optimally scheduled, hence minimizing overall operating costs. To amplify the complexity of the work, the subject MG system also facilitates charging of vehicles of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) types, and hence, a smart charging strategy that uses real-time tariff (RTT) established by MG system aggregators is suggested for PHEV charging coordination to reduce the overall daily charging cost. This strategy utilizes technologies that connect vehicles to the grid and vice versa. The differential evolution (DE) algorithm was used as an optimization tool for the study. Numerical results validate that the combined load shifting cum curtailing policy proved to be more economical and efficient in reducing the TOC of the system from 889 to 716¥ and 872 to 702¥ for PHEV type I and II respectively compared to the scenarios when those policies were used individually. Additionally, the MG total operating cost (TOC) was further reduced when smart charging of PHEV was considered by changing its arrival-departure time to those hours of the day when load demand and RTT are lesser.
A hybrid demand-side policy for balanced economic emission in microgrid systems Arvind R. Singh, Bishwajit Dey, Srikant Misra, Rangu Seshu Kumar, Mohit Bajaj, Vojtech Blazek Iscience, 2025 Demand-side management (DSM) enhances distribution network efficiency by shifting or reducing loads, alleviating network stress. The Load Shifting Policy (LSP) reallocates flexible loads to low-price periods without altering total demand, while the Load Curtailing Policy (LCP) incentivizes consumers to reduce peak demand. This study introduces a hybrid DSM approach that combines LSP and LCP with a smart charging strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Using the hybrid load shifting and curtailment policy (HLSCP), the microgrid (MG) load profile was optimized, reducing generation costs from 707¥ for the base load to 682¥ with HLSCP and 676¥ when incorporating smart PHEV charging. Emissions decreased correspondingly, from 1267kg to 1246kg. These results demonstrate the hybrid DSM's capacity to tackle economic and environmental challenges in power systems. The Differential Evolution (DE) optimization method further validated the robustness and efficiency of this cost-effective, sustainable microgrid management approach.
Load shifting and price elastic load curtailing policies for economic operation of a microgrid system Bishwajit Dey, Srikant Mishra, Soham Dutta, Rangu Seshu Kumar 5th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation Sefet 2025, 2025 Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are essential for the economic functioning of microgrid systems by optimizing energy consumption, decreasing dependence on costly peak-hour electricity, and improving grid stability. They facilitate efficient load shifting, retain excess renewable energy, and enhance power quality, resulting in cost reductions and increased system resilience. BESS facilitates demand-side management (DSM) tactics by equilibrating supply and demand, reducing grid congestion, and enabling price-driven demand response. Integrating BESS enables microgrids to attain enhanced efficiency, reduced operational expenses, and increased energy autonomy, thereby aligning sustainability objectives and assuring a reliable power supply across many applications. This paper proposes a recently developed one-to-one based optimizer (OOBO) to minimize the operation cost of a microgrid with BESS. Two different DSM strategies and price-based demand response (PBDR) are also implemented and their impact on cost-effective operation of the microgrid system is compared. Numerical results show the effectiveness of DSM and PBDR in economic operation of the microgrid system.
Optimal Charge Scheduling for Economic Operation of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Samarendra Pratap Singh, Bishwajit Dey, Neeraj Kanwar, Srikant Misra 2025 IEEE 4th International Conference on Smart Technologies for Power Energy and Control Stpec 2025 Conference Report, 2025 The load demand in the distribution system has been on the rise as a result of the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) in the automobile sector in recent days. The charging management must be enhanced in order to address this burden demand. However, it requires several hours to fully charge an electric vehicle (EV). The promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) over conventional vehicles is a significant competition that involves the reduction of energy consumption and charging time. The energy consumption of the EV may be influenced by the condition of the itineraries, which must be considered prior to satisfying the energy demand. This work aims to minimize the total operating cost (TOC) for the owner of an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) owner also termed as EV aggregator by optimally scheduling the charging capabilities of up to 200 EVs based on their cost-effective grid to vehicle (G2V) and vehicle to grid (V2G) operation. TOC includes the V2G cost, G2V cost and battery degradation cost (BDC) of the EVs. Five different types of EV are used for the study and four case studies solved using CONOPT solver of GAMS environment analyses the best charging schedule with minimum TOC.
Enhancing Economic Performance of a Grid-Connected Microgrid Through Incentive-Driven Demand Response Program S Sharma, B Dey, S Misra, J Das Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 1-25 , 2026 2026
A metaheuristic approach to compare different combined economic emission dispatch methods involving load shifting policy S Misra, PK Panigrahi, S Ghosh, B Dey Environment, Development and Sustainability 28 (1), 1589-1611 , 2026 2026 Citations: 10
Optimal Charge Scheduling for Economic Operation of Electric Vehicle Charging Station SP Singh, B Dey, N Kanwar, S Misra 2025 IEEE 4th International Conference on Smart Technologies for Power … , 2025 2025
Load shifting and price elastic load curtailing policies for economic operation of a microgrid system B Dey, S Mishra, S Dutta, RS Kumar 2025 IEEE 5th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Efficient and economical operation of microgrid system for varying electric vehicle sizes B Dey, S Misra, A Pal Results in Engineering 27, 106583 , 2025 2025 Citations: 9
Flexibility in load demand and PHEV parameters for clean and economic microgrid operation B Dey, S Misra, A Pal Scientific reports 15 (1), 22615 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
An amalgamated load shifting cum curtailing policy with smart charging of PHEV for economic operation of microgrid system B Dey, S Misra, A Pal, FPG Marquez Scientific Reports 15 (1), 19275 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Cost-effective optimal scheduling of PHEV integrated microgrid with load curve restructuring strategies B Dey, S Misra, G Sharma, PN Bokoro Discover Computing 28 (1), 26 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
A hybrid demand-side policy for balanced economic emission in microgrid systems AR Singh, B Dey, S Misra, RS Kumar, M Bajaj, V Blazek Iscience 28 (3) , 2025 2025 Citations: 15
Cost-Effective Microgrid Operation with Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Considering Demand Side Management B Dey, S Misra, A Pal, G Sharma, PN Bokoro 2024 IEEE 9th International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
A hybrid metaheuristic approach to solve grid centric cleaner economic energy management of microgrid systems B Dey, S Misra, T Chhualsingh, AK Sahoo, AR Singh Journal of Cleaner Production 448, 141311 , 2024 2024 Citations: 28
A swarm-intelligent based load-shifting strategy for clean and economic microgrid operation S Misra, B Dey, PK Panigrahi, S Ghosh ISA transactions 147, 265-287 , 2024 2024 Citations: 27
Economic operation of a microgrid system with renewables considering load shifting policy S Misra, PK Panigrahi, S Ghosh, B Dey International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 21 (3), 2695-2708 , 2024 2024 Citations: 17
An efficient way to schedule dispersed generators for a microgrid system's economical operation under various power market conditions and grid involvement S Misra, PK Panigrahi, B Dey International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 14 (5 … , 2023 2023 Citations: 8
Arithmetic optimization algorithm for demand side management incorporated dynamic economic emission dispatch B Dey, S Misra, S Das 2023 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Industrial Electronics … , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Microgrid system energy management with demand response program for clean and economical operation B Dey, S Misra, FPG Marquez Applied Energy 334, 120717 , 2023 2023 Citations: 196
Optimal scheduling of distributed generators for efficient microgrid system operation for different electricity market pricing and grid participation S Misra, PK Panigrahi, B Dey, S Ghosh MRS Energy & Sustainability, 126-138 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Autoencoder via DCNN and LSTM models for intrusion detection in industrial control systems of critical infrastructures. In 2023 IEEE/ACM 4th International Workshop on … YK Saheed, S Misra, S Chockalingam IEEE. https://doi. org/10.1109/EnCyCriS59249 , 2023 2023 Citations: 28
Microgrid system energy management with demand response program for clean and economical operation FP García Márquez, B Dey, S Misra Elsevier , 2023 2023
Demand side management integrated intelligence algorithms for dynamic economic emission dispatch of distribution systems S Misra, PK Panigrahi, B Dey 2022 IEEE 6th International Conference on Condition Assessment Techniques in … , 2022 2022 Citations: 7
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Microgrid system energy management with demand response program for clean and economical operation B Dey, S Misra, FPG Marquez Applied Energy 334, 120717 , 2023 2023 Citations: 196
A hybrid metaheuristic approach to solve grid centric cleaner economic energy management of microgrid systems B Dey, S Misra, T Chhualsingh, AK Sahoo, AR Singh Journal of Cleaner Production 448, 141311 , 2024 2024 Citations: 28
Autoencoder via DCNN and LSTM models for intrusion detection in industrial control systems of critical infrastructures. In 2023 IEEE/ACM 4th International Workshop on … YK Saheed, S Misra, S Chockalingam IEEE. https://doi. org/10.1109/EnCyCriS59249 , 2023 2023 Citations: 28
A swarm-intelligent based load-shifting strategy for clean and economic microgrid operation S Misra, B Dey, PK Panigrahi, S Ghosh ISA transactions 147, 265-287 , 2024 2024 Citations: 27
Economic operation of a microgrid system with renewables considering load shifting policy S Misra, PK Panigrahi, S Ghosh, B Dey International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 21 (3), 2695-2708 , 2024 2024 Citations: 17
Comparison analysis of Green building materials and conventional materials in energy efficiency performance S Misra, GS Prasad, N Kumar, SK Sah, S Kumar, R Maurya International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) 3 (05 … , 2016 2016 Citations: 16
A hybrid demand-side policy for balanced economic emission in microgrid systems AR Singh, B Dey, S Misra, RS Kumar, M Bajaj, V Blazek Iscience 28 (3) , 2025 2025 Citations: 15
An application of genetic programming for power system planning and operation R Behera, BB Pati, BP Panigrahi, S Misra Int. J. Control Syst. Instrum 3 (2) , 2012 2012 Citations: 11
A metaheuristic approach to compare different combined economic emission dispatch methods involving load shifting policy S Misra, PK Panigrahi, S Ghosh, B Dey Environment, Development and Sustainability 28 (1), 1589-1611 , 2026 2026 Citations: 10
Efficient and economical operation of microgrid system for varying electric vehicle sizes B Dey, S Misra, A Pal Results in Engineering 27, 106583 , 2025 2025 Citations: 9
An efficient way to schedule dispersed generators for a microgrid system's economical operation under various power market conditions and grid involvement S Misra, PK Panigrahi, B Dey International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 14 (5 … , 2023 2023 Citations: 8
Intelligent vehicle to grid based plug-in electric vehicle with cloud computing S Misra, PK Panigrahi, S Ghosh 2020 International Conference on Computer Science, Engineering and … , 2020 2020 Citations: 8
Demand side management integrated intelligence algorithms for dynamic economic emission dispatch of distribution systems S Misra, PK Panigrahi, B Dey 2022 IEEE 6th International Conference on Condition Assessment Techniques in … , 2022 2022 Citations: 7
Optimal scheduling of distributed generators for efficient microgrid system operation for different electricity market pricing and grid participation S Misra, PK Panigrahi, B Dey, S Ghosh MRS Energy & Sustainability, 126-138 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Smart Battery Management Scheme for V2G Based EV Smart Charger–A Better approach of Allocation of EV Based Distributed Generation S Misra, PK Panigrahi, S Ghosh 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Energy, Signal Processing … , 2020 2020 Citations: 6
Flexibility in load demand and PHEV parameters for clean and economic microgrid operation B Dey, S Misra, A Pal Scientific reports 15 (1), 22615 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
An amalgamated load shifting cum curtailing policy with smart charging of PHEV for economic operation of microgrid system B Dey, S Misra, A Pal, FPG Marquez Scientific Reports 15 (1), 19275 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Cost-effective optimal scheduling of PHEV integrated microgrid with load curve restructuring strategies B Dey, S Misra, G Sharma, PN Bokoro Discover Computing 28 (1), 26 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Arithmetic optimization algorithm for demand side management incorporated dynamic economic emission dispatch B Dey, S Misra, S Das 2023 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Industrial Electronics … , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Emotional intelligence: A new edge of enhancing teamwork S Misra, S Biswal, A Samantaray International Journal of Management Studies 3 (7) , 2018 2018 Citations: 3