Somaiah Almubayedh

Scopus Publications

Occurrence and dietary risk assessment of chloramphenicol residues in honey products in Saudi Arabia
Lulu Almutairi, Abdullah AlSayari, Somaiah Almubayedh, Sarah AlSubaie, Thamer AlMudhehi, Malak Almutairi, Amani S. Alqahtani
Toxicology Reports, 2025
Background: Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with potentially fatal side effects, including suspected carcinogenicity and toxicity in sensitive individuals. Due to these risks, CAP has been banned in food-producing animals, including honey, by regulatory authorities worldwide. This study investigates the presence of CAP residues in honey products from the Saudi market and evaluates the associated dietary exposure risk. Methods: A total of 902 honey samples collected during 2018-2019 were retrieved from the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) to investigate honey safety and chemical components. CAP was extracted using a validated liquid-liquid extraction method and quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Dietary exposure was assessed using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach, with relevant data on honey consumption and body weight sourced from published studies. Results: CAP residues were detected in 54 (6 %) of the tested honey samples, with a mean concentration of 0.16 ± 0.032 µg/kg. The 95th percentile MOE for adults was 31,752 in the lower-bound scenario and 24,290 in the upper-bound scenario, exceeding the critical threshold of 10,000 established by the European Food Safety Authority, which indicates low public health concern and low priority for risk management. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a low health risk associated with honey consumption in Saudi Arabia, as MOE values exceeded the critical safety threshold. However, ongoing monitoring, stricter regulations, and enhanced awareness are recommended to ensure the safety and quality of honey products.
Alkynedicobalt mediated vinylogous Nazarov reactions
Somaiah Almubayedh, James R. Green
Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 2022
The SnCl4 mediated reactions of cross conjugated aryl enynone-Co2(CO)6 and dienynone-Co2(CO)6 complexes afford benzocycloheptynone complexes or cycloheptenynone complexes in a thermal vinylogous Nazarov process.
Synthesis, characterization of chitosan-aluminum oxide nanocomposite for green synthesis of annulated imidazopyrazol thione derivatives
Abir S. Abdel-Naby, Sara Nabil, Sarah Aldulaijan, Ibtisam M. Ababutain, Azzah I. Alghamdi, Somaiah Almubayedh, Khaled D. Khalil
Polymers, 2021
Chitosan-aluminum oxide nanocomposite was synthesized, characterized, and used as a green heterogeneous catalyst to synthesize novel imidazopyrazolylthione derivatives. Nanocomposite polymeric material was characterized by EDS-SEM and XRD. The powerful catalytic activity, and its base character of the nanocomposite, was used to synthesize imidazopyrazolylthione (1) in a good yield compared to traditional cyclocondensation synthesis. Using the nanocomposite catalyst, substitution of the thiol group (1) afforded the corresponding thiourea (2) and the corresponding ester (3). The efficiency of the nanocomposite over the traditional base organic catalyst, Et3N and NaOH, makes it an effective, economic, and reproducible nontoxic catalyst. Moreover, the heterogeneous nanocomposite polymeric film was easily isolated from the reaction medium, and recycled up to four times, without a significant loss of its catalytic activity. The newly synthesized derivatives were screened as antibacterial agents and showed high potency. Molecular docking was also performed for a more in-depth investigation. The results of the docking studies have demonstrated that the docked compounds have strong interaction energies with both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Electrosynthesis and characterization of stable radical-functionalized oligo/polythiophenes
Somaiah Almubayedh, M'hamed Chahma
New Journal of Chemistry, 2015
A stable poly(terthiophene)-bearing-verdazyl radical has been prepared using the electrochemical oxidation of either the parent radical or its precursor.