Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nuclear and High Energy Physics
26
Scopus Publications
580
Scholar Citations
11
Scholar h-index
11
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Quench Detection System Consolidation for the HL-LHC Era Jelena Spasic, Reiner Denz, Guzman Martin Garcia, Tomasz Podzorny, Tetiana Pridii, Jens Steckert, Andrzej Skoczen IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2024 The High Luminosity LHC project (HL-LHC) will lead to increased radiation loads in some of the existing areas of LHC. To anticipate that and to replace aging equipment based on obsolete technologies, a consolidation program for the quench detection systems (QDS) of LHC's superconducting magnet circuits was launched. The existing technology based on digital signal processors and microcontrollers is replaced by radiation tolerant field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). These components provide a significantly increased radiation tolerance and act as a replacement of meanwhile obsolescent components. Two versatile quench detection boards, two acquisition controller boards and one radiation tolerant power supply form the basic building blocks of this consolidation campaign. This contribution gives an overview about the new FPGA-based quench detectors as well as the acquisition controllers. The versatile design and the software-defined algorithms of these building blocks allow to upgrade several classes of quench detectors on LHC's main and corrector magnets. Dependent on the use case, the original functionality of the protection devices is replaced by a functionally improved device or new features are added to enhance diagnostics and protection of the superconducting circuits.
Roadmap on artificial intelligence and big data techniques for superconductivity Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami, Wenjuan Song, Antonio Morandi, Giovanni De Carne, Joao Murta-Pina, Anabela Pronto, Roberto Oliveira, Francesco Grilli, Enric Pardo, Michael Parizh, Boyang Shen, Tim Coombs, Tiina Salmi, Di Wu, Eric Coatanea, Dominic A Moseley, Rodney A Badcock, Mengjie Zhang, Vittorio Marinozzi, Nhan Tran, Maciej Wielgosz, Andrzej Skoczeń, Dimitrios Tzelepis, Sakis Meliopoulos, Nuno Vilhena, Guilherme Sotelo, Zhenan Jiang, Veit Große, Tommaso Bagni, Diego Mauro, Carmine Senatore, Alexey Mankevich, Vadim Amelichev, Sergey Samoilenkov, Tiem Leong Yoon, Yao Wang, Renato P Camata, Cheng-Chien Chen, Ana Maria Madureira, Ajith Abraham Superconductor Science and Technology, 2023 This paper presents a roadmap to the application of AI techniques and big data (BD) for different modelling, design, monitoring, manufacturing and operation purposes of different superconducting applications. To help superconductivity researchers, engineers, and manufacturers understand the viability of using AI and BD techniques as future solutions for challenges in superconductivity, a series of short articles are presented to outline some of the potential applications and solutions. These potential futuristic routes and their materials/technologies are considered for a 10–20 yr time-frame.
The upgraded quench protection system for main quadrupoles in the LHC Andrzej Skoczeń, Jens Steckert, Jelena Spasic, Daniel Blasco Serrano, Surbhi Mundra, Tetiana Pridii Journal of Instrumentation, 2023 The protection of superconducting magnets is a very important issue and demanding challenge in the LHC and other superconducting accelerating facilities. The quench phenomenon can destroy components of the accelerator, and therefore this digital system was designed, implemented, tested, and installed near each superconducting magnet in the LHC tunnel. The quench detection principle relies on the extraction of resistive voltage by compensation of the inductive part of the voltage. This article presents briefly the architecture applied to the design and the validation of the FPGA-based quench detector for the main quadrupoles of the LHC. The article focusses on digital design with the use of FPGA by VHDL coding and on the verification by simulation. The design is a replacement for the old detection system.
Modular data acquisition system for recording activity and electrical stimulation of brain tissue using dedicated electronics Paweł Jurgielewicz, Tomasz Fiutowski, Ewa Kublik, Andrzej Skoczeń, Małgorzata Szypulska, Piotr Wiącek, Paweł Hottowy, Bartosz Mindur Sensors, 2021 In this paper, we present a modular Data Acquisition (DAQ) system for simultaneous electrical stimulation and recording of brain activity. The DAQ system is designed to work with custom-designed Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) called Neurostim-3 and a variety of commercially available Multi-Electrode Arrays (MEAs). The system can control simultaneously up to 512 independent bidirectional i.e., input-output channels. We present in-depth insight into both hardware and software architectures and discuss relationships between cooperating parts of that system. The particular focus of this study was the exploration of efficient software design so that it could perform all its tasks in real-time using a standard Personal Computer (PC) without the need for data precomputation even for the most demanding experiment scenarios. Not only do we show bare performance metrics, but we also used this software to characterise signal processing capabilities of Neurostim-3 (e.g., gain linearity, transmission band) so that to obtain information on how well it can handle neural signals in real-world applications. The results indicate that each Neurostim-3 channel exhibits signal gain linearity in a wide range of input signal amplitudes. Moreover, their high-pass cut-off frequency gets close to 0.6Hz making it suitable for recording both Local Field Potential (LFP) and spiking brain activity signals. Additionally, the current stimulation circuitry was checked in terms of the ability to reproduce complex patterns. Finally, we present data acquired using our system from the experiments on a living rat’s brain, which proved we obtained physiological data from non-stimulated and stimulated tissue. The presented results lead us to conclude that our hardware and software can work efficiently and effectively in tandem giving valuable insights into how information is being processed by the brain.
Using Neural Networks with data Quantization for time Series Analysis in LHC Superconducting Magnets Maciej Wielgosz, Andrzej Skoczeń International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, 2019 The aim of this paper is to present a model based on the recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture, the long short-term memory (LSTM) in particular, for modeling the work parameters of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) super-conducting magnets. High-resolution data available in the post mortem database were used to train a set of models and compare their performance for various hyper-parameters such as input data quantization and the number of cells. A novel approach to signal level quantization allowed reducing the size of the model, simplifying the tuning of the magnet monitoring system and making the process scalable. The paper shows that an RNN such as the LSTM or a gated recurrent unit (GRU) can be used for modeling high-resolution signals with the accuracy of over 0.95 and a small number of parameters, ranging from 800 to 1200. This makes the solution suitable for hardware implementation, which is essential in the case of monitoring the performance critical and high-speed signal of LHC superconducting magnets.
Looking for a Correct Solution of Anomaly Detection in the LHC Machine Protection System Maciej Wielgosz, Andrzej Skoczen, Kazimierz Wiatr 2018 International Conference on Signals and Electronic Systems Icses 2018 Proceedings, 2018 Demand for high availability and performance of the LHC accelerator imposes stringent constraints on safety-critical systems handled by Machine Protection and Electrical Integrity Group at CERN. Consequently, unique means and equipment were introduced to monitor and protect superconducting magnets of the LHC. This work intends to ameliorate available algorithms by using RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) architectures. The proposed solution is equipped with a series of architecture modifications and optimizations which enable efficient deployment of the RNN model on embedded systems. A set of experiments were conducted which shows that the proposed system outperforms Isolation Forest and OC-SVM (One-Class SVM) algorithms reaching the accuracy of 0.93 for the two-layer LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model. Furthermore, the proposed approach allows for significant reduction of input data stream to few bits which enable low latency response of the module.
The model of an anomaly detector for HiLumi LHC magnets based on Recurrent Neural Networks and adaptive quantization Maciej Wielgosz, Matej Mertik, Andrzej Skoczeń, Ernesto De Matteis Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2018 This paper focuses on an examination of an applicability of Recurrent Neural Network models for detecting anomalous behavior of the CERN superconducting magnets. In order to conduct the experiments, the authors designed and implemented an adaptive signal quantization algorithm and a custom Gated Recurrent Unit-based detector and developed a method for the detector parameters selection.\n\nThree different datasets were used for testing the detector. Two artificially generated datasets were used to assess the raw performance of the system whereas the dataset intended for real-life experiments and model training was composed of the signals acquired from a new type of magnet, to be used during High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider project. Several different setups of the developed anomaly detection system were evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art One Class Support Vector Machine (OC-SVM) reference model operating on the same data. The OC-SVM model was equipped with a rich set of feature extractors accounting for a range of the input signal properties.\n\nIt was determined in the course of the experiments that the detector, along with its supporting design methodology, reaches F1 equal or very close to 1 for almost all test sets. Due to the profile of the data, the setup with the lowest maximum false anomaly length of the detector turned out to perform the best among all five tested configuration schemes of the detection system. The quantization parameters have the biggest impact on the overall performance of the detector with the best values of input/output grid equal to 16 and 8, respectively. The proposed solution of the detection significantly outperformed OC-SVM-based detector in most of the cases, with much more stable performance across all the datasets.
Protection of superconducting industrial machinery using RNN-based anomaly detection for implementation in smart sensor Maciej Wielgosz, Andrzej Skoczeń, Ernesto De Matteis Sensors Switzerland, 2018 Sensing the voltage developed over a superconducting object is very important in order to make superconducting installation safe. An increase in the resistive part of this voltage (quench) can lead to significant deterioration or even to the destruction of the superconducting device. Therefore, detection of anomalies in time series of this voltage is mandatory for reliable operation of superconducting machines. The largest superconducting installation in the world is the main subsystem of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator. Therefore a protection system was built around superconducting magnets. Currently, the solutions used in protection equipment at the LHC are based on a set of hand-crafted custom rules. They were proved to work effectively in a range of applications such as quench detection. However, these approaches lack scalability and require laborious manual adjustment of working parameters. The presented work explores the possibility of using the embedded Recurrent Neural Network as a part of a protection device. Such an approach can scale with the number of devices and signals in the system, and potentially can be automatically configured to given superconducting magnet working conditions and available data. In the course of the experiments, it was shown that the model using Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) comprising of two layers with 64 and 32 cells achieves 0.93 accuracy for anomaly/non-anomaly classification, when employing custom data compression scheme. Furthermore, the compression of proposed module was tested, and showed that the memory footprint can be reduced four times with almost no performance loss, making it suitable for hardware implementation.
Commissioning of quench protection instruments in the LHC superconduction circuits Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2009
Protections of LHC superconducting elements against reslts of disappearance of regard to the influences of short-circult currents effects and overcurrents Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2009
Analysis of power transformers reliability with regard to the influences of short-circuit currents effects and overcurrents Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2009
Design of a multichannel ASIC for large scale spatio-temporal distributed stimulation of neural tissue Proceedings of the International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems Mixdes 2006, 2006
Development of front-end ASICs for imaging neuronal activity in live tissue W. Dabrowski, P. Grybos, P. Hottowy, A. Skoczen, K. Swientek, A.A. Grillo, S. Kachiguine, A.M. Litke, A. Sher Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2005
The HADES Pre-Shower detector A. Bałanda, M. Jaskuła, M. Kajetanowicz, L. Kidoń, K. Korcyl, W. Kühn, R. Kulessa, A. Malarz, J. Otwinowski, M. Petri, J. Pietraszko, W. Prokopowicz, W. Przygoda, P. Salabura, A. Skoczeń, M. Szczybura, E. Wajda, W. Waluś, M. Wiśniowski, T. Wójcik Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2004
Development of a fast pad readout system for the HADES shower detector A Bałanda, M Dębowski, M Jaskuła, L Kidoń, R Kulessa, J Foryciarz, E Lubkiewicz, A Malarz, J Otwinowski, J Pietraszko, W Prokopowicz, A Ratajczak, P Salabura, E Wajda, W Waluś, M Kajetanowicz, K Korcyl, A Skoczeń, W Kühn, M Petri Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1998
Radiation damage studies of field plate and p-stop n-side silicon microstrip detectors J Matheson, H.-G Moser, S Roe, P Weilhammer, S Moszczynski, W Dabrowski, P Grybos, M Idzik, A Skoczen, K Gill, G Hall, B MacEvoy, D Vitè, R Wheadon, P Allport, C Green, J Richardson, R Apsimon, L Evensen, B Avset, P Giubellino, L Ramello Nuclear Inst and Methods in Physics Research A, 1995
FLAME—a readout ASIC for a compact electromagnetic calorimeter M Firlej, T Fiutowski, M Idzik, J Moroń, D Pietruch, A Skoczeń, K Świentek Journal of Instrumentation 21 (03), P03005 , 2026 2026
Quench detection system consolidation for the HL-LHC era J Spasic, R Denz, GM Garcia, T Podzorny, T Pridii, J Steckert, A Skoczen IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 34 (5), 1-5 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Towards Analog Implementation of Spiking Neural Networks for Audio Signals M Wielgosz, A Skoczeń, J Dąbrowski, A Dąbrowska, W Tabaczynski Science and Information Conference, 905-922 , 2023 2023
Roadmap on artificial intelligence and big data techniques for superconductivity M Yazdani-Asrami, W Song, A Morandi, G De Carne, J Murta-Pina, ... Superconductor Science and Technology 36 (4), 043501 , 2023 2023 Citations: 88
The upgraded quench protection system for main quadrupoles in the LHC A Skoczeń, J Steckert, J Spasic, D Blasco Serrano, S Mundra, T Pridii Journal of Instrumentation 18 (01), T01004 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
Modular data acquisition system for recording activity and electrical stimulation of brain tissue using dedicated electronics P Jurgielewicz, T Fiutowski, E Kublik, A Skoczeń, M Szypulska, P Wiącek, ... Sensors 21 (13), 4423 , 2021 2021 Citations: 7
Using neural networks with data quantization for time series analysis in LHC superconducting magnets M Wielgosz, A Skoczeń International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 29 (3) , 2019 2019 Citations: 4
Protection of superconducting industrial machinery using RNN-based anomaly detection for implementation in smart sensor M Wielgosz, A Skoczeń, E De Matteis Sensors 18 (11), 3933 , 2018 2018 Citations: 19
Looking for a correct solution of anomaly detection in the LHC machine protection system M Wielgosz, A Skoczen, K Wiatr 2018 International Conference on Signals and Electronic Systems (ICSES), 257-262 , 2018 2018 Citations: 7
The model of an anomaly detector for HiLumi LHC magnets based on Recurrent Neural Networks and adaptive quantization M Wielgosz, M Mertik, A Skoczeń, E De Matteis Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 74, 166-185 , 2018 2018 Citations: 29
Recurrent neural networks with grid data quantization for modeling LHC superconducting magnets behavior M Wielgosz, A Skoczeń Conference on Information Technology, Systems Research and Computational … , 2018 2018 Citations: 2
The model of an anomaly detector for HiLumi LHC magnets based on Recurrent Neural Networks and adaptive quantization A Skoczeń 2017
Using LSTM recurrent neural networks for monitoring the LHC superconducting magnets M Wielgosz, A Skoczeń, M Mertik Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators … , 2017 2017 Citations: 120
Design of FPGA-based radiation tolerant quench detectors for LHC J Steckert, A Skoczen Journal of Instrumentation 12 (04), T04005-T04005 , 2017 2017 Citations: 27
arXiv: Recurrent Neural Networks for anomaly detection in the Post-Mortem time series of LHC superconducting magnets M Wielgosz, A Skoczeń, M Mertik 2017
Recurrent Neural Networks for anomaly detection in the Post-Mortem time series of LHC superconducting magnets M Wielgosz, M Mertik arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.00833 , 2017 2017 Citations: 22
A conceptual development of quench prediction app build on LSTM and ELQA framework M Mertik, M Wielgosz arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.09201 , 2016 2016 Citations: 3
Modular ASIC-based system for large-scale electrical stimulation and recording of brain activity in behaving animals M Szypulska, M Dwużnik, P Wiącek, A Skoczeń, T Fiutowski, M Jędraczka, ... 2016 MIXDES-23rd International Conference Mixed Design of Integrated … , 2016 2016 Citations: 3
Using LSTM recurrent neural networks for detecting anomalous behavior of LHC superconducting magnets.[J] M Wielgosz, A Skoczen, M Mertik CoRR , 2016 2016 Citations: 1
Properties and application of a multichannel integrated circuit for low-artifact, patterned electrical stimulation of neural tissue P Hottowy, A Skoczeń, DE Gunning, S Kachiguine, K Mathieson, A Sher, ... Journal of neural engineering 9 (6), 066005 , 2012 2012 Citations: 95
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Using LSTM recurrent neural networks for monitoring the LHC superconducting magnets M Wielgosz, A Skoczeń, M Mertik Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators … , 2017 2017 Citations: 120
Properties and application of a multichannel integrated circuit for low-artifact, patterned electrical stimulation of neural tissue P Hottowy, A Skoczeń, DE Gunning, S Kachiguine, K Mathieson, A Sher, ... Journal of neural engineering 9 (6), 066005 , 2012 2012 Citations: 95
Roadmap on artificial intelligence and big data techniques for superconductivity M Yazdani-Asrami, W Song, A Morandi, G De Carne, J Murta-Pina, ... Superconductor Science and Technology 36 (4), 043501 , 2023 2023 Citations: 88
The HADES pre-shower detector A Bałanda, M Jaskuła, M Kajetanowicz, L Kidoń, K Korcyl, W Kühn, ... Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators … , 2004 2004 Citations: 54
An integrated multichannel waveform generator for large-scale spatio-temporal stimulation of neural tissue P Hottowy, W Dąbrowski, A Skoczeń, P Wiącek Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 55 (3), 239-248 , 2008 2008 Citations: 46
The model of an anomaly detector for HiLumi LHC magnets based on Recurrent Neural Networks and adaptive quantization M Wielgosz, M Mertik, A Skoczeń, E De Matteis Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 74, 166-185 , 2018 2018 Citations: 29
Design of FPGA-based radiation tolerant quench detectors for LHC J Steckert, A Skoczen Journal of Instrumentation 12 (04), T04005-T04005 , 2017 2017 Citations: 27
Development of a fast pad readout system for the HADES shower detector A Bałanda, M Dębowski, M Jaskuła, L Kidoń, R Kulessa, J Foryciarz, ... Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators … , 1998 1998 Citations: 27
Recurrent Neural Networks for anomaly detection in the Post-Mortem time series of LHC superconducting magnets M Wielgosz, M Mertik arXiv preprint arXiv:1702.00833 , 2017 2017 Citations: 22
Protection of superconducting industrial machinery using RNN-based anomaly detection for implementation in smart sensor M Wielgosz, A Skoczeń, E De Matteis Sensors 18 (11), 3933 , 2018 2018 Citations: 19
Design of low noise charge amplifier in sub-micron technology for fast shaping time P Gryboś, M Idzik, A Skoczeń Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 49 (2), 107-114 , 2006 2006 Citations: 16
Modular data acquisition system for recording activity and electrical stimulation of brain tissue using dedicated electronics P Jurgielewicz, T Fiutowski, E Kublik, A Skoczeń, M Szypulska, P Wiącek, ... Sensors 21 (13), 4423 , 2021 2021 Citations: 7
Looking for a correct solution of anomaly detection in the LHC machine protection system M Wielgosz, A Skoczen, K Wiatr 2018 International Conference on Signals and Electronic Systems (ICSES), 257-262 , 2018 2018 Citations: 7
Fast neutron damage of silicon PIN photodiodes W Dąbrowski, K Korbel, A Skoczeń Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators … , 1991 1991 Citations: 7
Using neural networks with data quantization for time series analysis in LHC superconducting magnets M Wielgosz, A Skoczeń International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 29 (3) , 2019 2019 Citations: 4
A conceptual development of quench prediction app build on LSTM and ELQA framework M Mertik, M Wielgosz arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.09201 , 2016 2016 Citations: 3
Modular ASIC-based system for large-scale electrical stimulation and recording of brain activity in behaving animals M Szypulska, M Dwużnik, P Wiącek, A Skoczeń, T Fiutowski, M Jędraczka, ... 2016 MIXDES-23rd International Conference Mixed Design of Integrated … , 2016 2016 Citations: 3
Recurrent neural networks with grid data quantization for modeling LHC superconducting magnets behavior M Wielgosz, A Skoczeń Conference on Information Technology, Systems Research and Computational … , 2018 2018 Citations: 2
Quench detection system consolidation for the HL-LHC era J Spasic, R Denz, GM Garcia, T Podzorny, T Pridii, J Steckert, A Skoczen IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 34 (5), 1-5 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
The upgraded quench protection system for main quadrupoles in the LHC A Skoczeń, J Steckert, J Spasic, D Blasco Serrano, S Mundra, T Pridii Journal of Instrumentation 18 (01), T01004 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1