Influence of Alkaline Activators and Simulated Seawater on the Carbonation Performance of Industrial Solid Waste–Based Persulfate Cement Shoulai Feng, Jilong Zheng, Jiuhao Nie, Wenbo Ma, Shuaicheng Guo Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2026 Supersulfated cement (SSC) prepared from industrial solid wastes such as steel slag (SS), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), and phosphogypsum (PG) are promising sustainable building materials, but their resistance to carbonation is still unclear. In this study, the influence of three alkaline activators [NaOH, Na2SiO3, Ca(OH)2] and simulated seawater on the carbonation behaviors of steel fiber-reinforced SSC mortar is investigated. Phenolphthalein titration and pH tests showed that different activators and simulated seawater had limited effects on the initial pH (11.3–11.6) and 28-day carbonation depth (1–3 mm) of the SSC matrix. The low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) analysis revealed that the carbonation rate of SSCs was mainly controlled by the pore structure rather than by alkali storage. The flexural strength of SSC generally increased from 29% to 62% after carbonation. Microscopic characterization revealed that the coupled activation of Na2SiO3 and Na2SiO3+NaOH promoted the formation of C-S-H gel with excellent carbonation resistance and significantly optimized the bonding effect between the mortar matrix and steel fibers. This study elucidates the mechanism of alkaline activators and simulated seawater on the carbonation performance of SSC, which provides theoretical guidance for its application in marine engineering.
Macroscopic properties and microstructure analyses of deep-sea sediment Yantu Lixue Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2014
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