Unveiling the Potential of Drug Delivery Systems for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neovascular Eye Diseases Pravin Shende, Divya Nadar Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, 2026 Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent a promising category of therapeutic agents for managing edema and neovascular eye diseases (NEDs) such as corneal neovascularization, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. By impeding the phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases, TKIs prevent the activation of angiogenic signaling pathways that are vital for cell growth and proliferation. However, the TKIs delivery in ophthalmology presents significant challenges such as toxicity and poor bioavailability. This review discusses emerging TKIs for NEDs, their physicochemical properties, and delivery systems, highlighting strategies such as sustained-release ocular implants, hydrogels, particulate and composite systems. Amid each category, we explore groundbreaking research approaches with a focus on preclinical and clinical studies, providing an in-depth look at the latest advancements in TKI-based delivery systems. Numerous TKI formulations currently under investigation (AXPAXLI, DURAVYU, CLS-AX and D-4517.2) hold the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes and enhance patient adherence, transforming the treatment landscape of NEDs. Advanced TKI delivery platforms, integrated with artificial intelligence-driven tools and minimally invasive technologies may enable more effective and personalized treatment options in the field of eye care.
Bimetallic nanoprobe strip for the detection of human chorionic gonadotrophin in pregnancy Maithili Kantak, Pravin Shende Medical Engineering and Physics, 2025 • Nanoprobe-based devices with the properties of biodegradability and zero-waste • Nanosystem showed high importance in portable home pregnancy diagnostic kits. • Antibody catalysis reaction for the detection of hCG in pregnant women • RGB and HSV algorithmic color detection techniques for qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses. • This nanodevice displayed high sensitivity, low LOD (0.79 ng/mL) and LOQ (9.67 ng/mL) A novel nanotechnology-based approach was developed to enhance the accuracy and reliability of pregnancy detection to address the limitations of conventional kits like PregaNews, First Response, Accu-Clear, EPT (Error Proof Test), etc. which are based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Such conventional methods often suffer from complex procedures, low precision (33%), cross-reactivity, and false positives. The developed new diagnostic platform employed a lateral flow assay-based gold-silver nanoprobe (GSNPs) system conjugated with 3-mercaptopropionate and monoclonal antibody 2 (mAb2), pre-dispersed on biodegradable Whatman filter paper and coupled with a smartphone-based application for the detection of hCG in pregnancy. The GSNPs with a particle size of 325.1±0.64 nm, exhibited superior catalytic efficiency (0.29 to 0.37nm) with significant specificity, and reliability in comparison to digital color analysis via RGB (red, green, blue) and HSV (hue, saturation, value) algorithmic model. This nanotechnology-based system demonstrated a wide detection range (0.4–2.4ng/mL) with a low limit of detection (LOD) at 0.79 ng/mL and limit of quantification (LOQ) at 9.67 ng/mL. The detection of pathological urine was consistent with the artificial urine sample at R 2 =0.9796 and showed linear relationship with saturation value (y=5.1849x+3.4559). The biodegradable and portable diagnostic strip generates minimal bio-waste and offers eco-friendly disposal. This platform tool-based strip enables sensitive, rapid, user-friendly, and cost-effective detection of hCG compared to conventional pregnancy tests. The integration of bimetallic nanoprobe strip with smartphone technology ensures ease of accessibility, high precision, and environmental sustainability to increase the demand for such reliable and economic diagnostic tool.
Hybrid nanoparticles in colon targeting Bhagyashree V. Salvi, Pravin Shende Nanocarriers Based Colon Targeting Design Development Mechanism and Case Studies, 2025
Blind Spots in Development of Nanomedicines Bhagyashree V. Salvi, Maithali Kantak, Kalyani Kharangate, Francesco Trotta, Timothy Maher, Pravin Shende Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment, 2024
Nanomedicines for CNS therapy: Fundamental aspects Drashti Desai, Bala Prabhakar, Pravin Shende Direct Nose to Brain Drug Delivery Mechanism Technological Advances Applications and Regulatory Updates, 2021
