The role of generative AI in medical image synthesis: A review Ajay Karmakar, Abhijeet Shaw, Saswati Rakshit, Sayan Chakraborty, Sitanath Biswas, Shubhashree Sahoo, Suparna Biswas Discover Applied Sciences, 2025 Medical imaging is transformed with Generative artificial intelligence (AI) that offers robust tools for image synthesis, data augmentation and enhancement of image quality. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have established themselves among the various generative models as particularly robust in synthesizing realistic medical images near real-world clinical data. This review discusses the growing importance of generative AI in synthesizing medical images, its use in applications like radiology, pathology and other medical disciplines. We present the overview of some of the significant generative models, e.g., Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) and Diffusion Models and their advantages, disadvantages and prospects. We also present the challenges that accompany such models like interpretability, transferability to other medical disciplines and the ethics of applying synthetic data to real-world clinical practice. Further, the review presents recent developments in hybrid AI approaches that combine AI and physics-based models along with multimodal learning in an attempt to enhance the trustworthiness and accuracy of generative methods. Finally, we look forward to future research directions like federated learning and explainable AI (XAI) that will enable the safe and successful application of generative AI in medicine. XAI methods—such as visual attribution (e.g., Grad-CAM, SHAP), latent space interpretability in VAEs, and external symbolic explanation frameworks—are particularly important in improving trust and understanding in clinical applications [Huff et al., 2021; Bhati et al., 2024]. The aim of this paper is to facilitate researchers and practitioners to showcase the full potential of generative AI for medical imaging by presenting a comprehensive review of existing techniques and emerging trends.
Integrating k-Means++ with ARCANE: A Scalable Framework for Exact Cluster Unlearning Shrutika Gupta, Annesha Naskar, Bitan Misra, Hemanth K S, Sayan Chakraborty, Aparna Shrikant Kulkarni Proceedings of the International Conference on Research in Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks Icrcicn, 2025 To address the demand for exact data removal in unsupervised clustering, a novel framework for exact machine unlearning is proposed that integrates the K-Means++ algorithm with ARCANE. This framework combines high-quality cluster initialization with targeted partitioning, allowing a more efficient method for removing data without the need for a naive retraining of the model. The proposed model is compared to a SISA-based approach against synthetic and Iris datasets. The ARCANE K-Means++ model demonstrated superior clustering quality, achieving a Silhouette Score of 0.841 to the baseline’s performance of 0.263. ARCANE framework also demonstrated better speedup and predictable unlearning times for typical deletion requests than the SISA model. This is a strong, scalable, and provably-exact method for machine unlearning, providing a new and intuitive framework for developing privacy-preserving AI.
Employing Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Enhanced Water Quality Assessment Rahul Maurya, Swapnajit Saha, Bitan Misra, Debraj Chatterjee, Sayan Chakraborty, Pratima Sarkar International Conference on Computing Intelligence and Application Ciacon 2025, 2025 Maintaining the purity and quality of water is crucial for the well-being of numerous living organisms, as water consumption directly impacts physical health. Unfortunately, Earth is experiencing a concerning decline in water quality, resulting in a plethora of diseases and health deficiencies among individuals. One of the main challenges in water quality management is the presence of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) & various other substances including potassium, sodium, chlorides, lead, nitrate, cadmium, arsenic, and other pollutants, further underscoring the need for comprehensive measurement, control, and monitoring of water quality. This disregard for the fundamental necessity of high-quality water has reached a critical juncture, necessitating global attention. Consequently, efforts are underway to raise awareness and conduct research aimed at making safe drinking water accessible to all. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) offers a solution by clarifying how machine learning models reach decisions, highlighting the necessity for transparent and comprehensible models to gain trust and support from stakeholders. Three popular machine learning models k-nearest neighbour (KNN), Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) are utilized for data classification, followed by the application of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) techniques to identify key characteristics and variables impacting water quality predictions. These insights can enhance decision-making and facilitate the development of effective strategies for managing and reducing water pollution.
Understanding the Role of Working Style in Shaping Work-Life Balance: An XAI-Based Investigation of Private Sector Employees Abhirup Bhattacharya, Bitan Misra, Soumi Majumder, Sayan Chakraborty, Nilanjan Dey Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 2024 The ability to fulfil one’s responsibilities both at the workplace and at home while still finding time for interest and hobbies on a personal level is known as work-life balance. There is a need to implement intelligent technologies for shaping work-life balance, as physical, mental, and emotional well-being can all be enhanced by striking a better work-life balance. The need for more transparent and understandable models is growing along with our reliance on intelligent technologies. Furthermore, the current gold standard for establishing credibility and using AI in vital fields is the capacity to explain the model in general. This research seeks to employ XAI to comprehend, illustrate, and elucidate the findings derived from utilizing several machine learning models to determine the primary factors impacting the work-life balance of individuals in the private sector. The support vector machines (SVMs), random forests, and tree-based classifiers from XGBoost were trained and tested on a work-life balance dataset collected from private sector employees. Among all the models, the SVM provides the highest accuracy values for all the features of the feature set compared to the other two algorithms. The attribute importance for the best feature (working style) of the SVM model is explained using the feature importance plot, summary plot, and heatmap from the explainable artificial intelligence models SHAP and LIME. This comprehension makes it easier for decision makers and human resources (HR) practitioners to comprehend the model’s predictions and to implement initiatives that support each employee’s demand for a healthy balance between work and personal life.
Artificial bee colony-based nonrigid demons registration Abhisek Roy, Pranab Kanti Roy, Anirban Mitra, Swarnali Daw, Sraddha Roy Choudhury, Sayan Chakraborty, Bitan Misra International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2024 The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm has gained popularity in recent years for its ability to solve optimization problems. The accuracy and resilience of ABC-based image processing techniques have demonstrated encouraging outcomes. The ABC method is an excellent solution for image processing issues since it has the ability to swiftly and effectively explore the search space. The current research intends to address image registration issues by refining the existing image registration strategy using ABC algorithm. The process of nonrigid demons registration is frequently employed in the processing of medical images. The combination of these two techniques is referred to as the ABC-based nonrigid demons registration method. The proposed method has shown superior performance in registration accuracy and efficiency compared to other existing methods. Applications in medical image analysis and computer-assisted diagnosis are highly promising for the ABC-based nonrigid demons registration. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and frameworks based on genetic algorithms (GA) have been compared with the suggested framework. The observed results showed improved accuracy and faster convergence in ABC-based demons registration.
Enhancing intelligent medical imaging to revolutionize healthcare Sayan Chakraborty, Bitan Misra, Muhammad Firoz Mridha Smart Medical Imaging for Diagnosis and Treatment Planning, 2024 Artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging and the recent developments in smart healthcare have shown remarkable progress in the field of medicine by automatically identifying different objects from picture data. There are many different types of medical imaging, and new techniques are being developed as technology advances. The four primary categories of medical imaging modalities that are frequently employed in healthcare settings are radiation emission, X-ray transmission, acoustic or light reflection, and magnetic resonance. Medical imaging is essential for proper diagnosis, which is the first step in determining the best course of treatment for a patient. Because different procedures measure different physical properties that depend on the composition of different tissues, multiple physical approaches and imaging tools are needed. The current chapter explores different kinds of medical imaging and the ways in which they can be used to transform healthcare. The emerging trends in smart medical imaging and their possible effects on healthcare are also covered in this chapter.
Performance Optimization of Image Registration Frameworks Abhisek Roy, Pranab Kanti Roy, Anirban Mitra, Sayan Chakraborty, Pronaya Bhattacharya 2024 MIT Art Design and Technology School of Computing International Conference Mitadtsocicon 2024, 2024
Explainable AI for Predictive Analytics on Employee Promotion Abhirup Bhattacharya, Pradyumn Choudhary, Sandipan Mukhopadhyay, Bitan Misra, Sayan Chakraborty, Nilanjan Dey Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies and Applications Icacta 2023, 2023
Stability study of gain and energy resolution for GEM detector S. Roy, S. Rudra, S. Shaw, S. Chatterjee, S. Chakraborty, R.P. Adak, S. Biswas, S. Das, S.K. Ghosh, S.K. Prasad, S. Raha Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2019
Glaucomatous image classification: A review Syeda Erfana Zohora, Sayan Chakraborty, A.M. Khan, Nilanjan Dey International Conference on Electrical Electronics and Optimization Techniques Iceeot 2016, 2016
Wooden Surface Classification based on Haralick and the Neural Networks Sourav Samanta, Debolina Kundu, Sayan Chakraborty, Nillanjan Dey, Tarek Gaber, Aboul Ella Hassanien, Tai-Hoon Kim Proceedings 2015 4th International Conference on Information Science and Industrial Applications Isi 2015, 2016
Video shot boundary detection: A review Gautam Pal, Dwijen Rudrapaul, Suvojit Acharjee, Ruben Ray, Sayan Chakraborty, Nilanjan Dey Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015
Effect of euler number as a feature in gender recognition system from offline handwritten signature using neural networks 2015 International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development Indiacom 2015, 2015
A survey of image classification methods and techniques Siddhartha Sankar Nath, Girish Mishra, Jajnyaseni Kar, Sayan Chakraborty, Nilanjan Dey 2014 International Conference on Control Instrumentation Communication and Computational Technologies Iccicct 2014, 2014
1-D group cellular automata based image encryption technique Subrata Nandi, Satyabrata Roy, Siddhartha Nath, Sayan Chakraborty, Wahiba Ben Abdessalem Karaa, Nilanjan Dey 2014 International Conference on Control Instrumentation Communication and Computational Technologies Iccicct 2014, 2014
Effect of demons registration on biomedical content watermarking Shatadru Roy Chowdhury, Ruben Ray, Nilanjan Dey, Sayan Chakraborty, Wahiba Ben Abdessalem Karaa, Siddhartha Nath 2014 International Conference on Control Instrumentation Communication and Computational Technologies Iccicct 2014, 2014
Adaptive thresholding: A comparative study Payel Roy, Saurab Dutta, Nilanjan Dey, Goutami Dey, Sayan Chakraborty, Ruben Ray 2014 International Conference on Control Instrumentation Communication and Computational Technologies Iccicct 2014, 2014
Reversible color image watermarking using trigonometric functions Sayan Chakraborty, Prasenjit Maji, Arijit Kumar Pal, Debalina Biswas, Nilanjan Dey Proceedings International Conference on Electronic Systems Signal Processing and Computing Technologies Icesc 2014, 2014
Multi-thread video watermarking: A biomedical application Soumyo Bose, Shatadru Roy Chowdhury, Chandreyee Sen, Sayan Chakraborty, Taiar Redha, Nilanjan Dey Proceedings of International Conference on Circuits Communication Control and Computing I4c 2014, 2014
Unmanned aerial system for post disaster identification Amartya Mukherjee, Sayan Chakraborty, Ahmad Taher Azar, Soumya Kanti Bhattacharyay, Basukinath Chatterjee, Nilanjan Dey Proceedings of International Conference on Circuits Communication Control and Computing I4c 2014, 2014
Rigid image registration using parallel processing Sayan Chakraborty, Supratim Ghosh, Souvik Chatterjee, Swati Chowdhuri, Ruben Ray, Nilanjan Dey Proceedings of International Conference on Circuits Communication Control and Computing I4c 2014, 2014
Motion vector estimation using parallel processing Suvojit Acharjee, Gautam Pal, Taiar Redha, Sayan Chakraborty, Sheli Sinha Chaudhuri, Nilanjan Dey Proceedings of International Conference on Circuits Communication Control and Computing I4c 2014, 2014
Solving 0/1 knapsack problem using ant weight lifting algorithm Sourav Samanta, Sayan Chakraborty, Suvojit Acharjee, Aniruddha Mukherjee, Nilanjan Dey 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research IEEE Iccic 2013, 2013
Integrating k-Means++ with ARCANE: A Scalable Framework for Exact Cluster Unlearning S Gupta, A Naskar, B Misra, H KS, S Chakraborty, AS Kulkarni 2025 Seventh International Conference on Research in Computational … , 2025 2025
The role of generative AI in medical image synthesis: A review A Karmakar, A Shaw, S Rakshit, S Chakraborty, S Biswas, S Sahoo, ... Discover Applied Sciences 7 (10), 1219 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Identification of Essential Proteins as Promising Therapeutic Targets against Drug Resistant Strain of Staphylococcus aureus: An in silico Approach. MM Das, S Chakraborty, A Mondal, T Guha International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 15 (4) , 2025 2025
Employing Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Enhanced Water Quality Assessment R Maurya, S Saha, B Misra, D Chatterjee, S Chakraborty, P Sarkar 2025 International Conference on Computing, Intelligence, and Application … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Game-Theory Approach Using Blockchain to Enhance Trust in Decentralized Finance Systems K Dubey, P Mukherjee, S Chakraborty, S Biswas, S Sahoo, N Das International Symposium on Applied Computing for Software and Smart Systems … , 2025 2025
Bat Algorithm for Real-Life Problem-Solving S Daw, D Basu, A Roy, S Chakraborty Optimizing Solutions for Real-Life Problems, 237-256 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Revolutionizing Optimization in Real-Life Implementation A Banerjee, A Dutta, B Misra, S Chakraborty Optimizing Solutions for Real-Life Problems, 1-27 , 2025 2025
Embracing Linguistic Diversity: Multilingualism in India's NEP 2020 Framework S Chakraborty 2025 Citations: 2
Identification of a Potential Compound against Drug Resistant Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using in silico Methods. MM Das, S Chakraborty International Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 15 (2) , 2025 2025
Revolutionizing nonrigid demons registration with the whale optimization algorithm A Roy, PK Roy, A Mitra, S Daw, D Basu, S Chakraborty Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng 15, 2372-2380 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Integrating Rigid and Non-rigid Registration Techniques in Web 6.0 Interfaces M Kundu, D Bhattacharya, S Sahoo, S Biswas, B Misra, S Chakraborty International Conference on Web 6.0 and Industry 6.0, 131-142 , 2025 2025
Explainable Artificial Intelligence Approach to Fog Prediction C Nahata, S Ghosh, S Saha, S Biswas, S Rakshit, S Chakraborty International Conference on Sustainable Communication, Machine Intelligence … , 2025 2025
Explainable AI-Based Crop Recommendation Systems for Improving Yield Predictions AS Layek, PK Mondal, S Baidya, A Ghosh, R Mukherjee, A Panja, ... International Conference on Sustainable Communication, Machine Intelligence … , 2025 2025
News-driven volatility: A deep dive into leading NIFTY healthcare stocks S Mohapatra, S Chakraborty Decision Making Advances 3 (1), 50-61 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Machine Learning for Sustainable Agriculture: An Integrated Strategy for Identifying Crop Pests and Diseases Effectively R Sarkar, D Saha, S Rakshit, S Biswas, S Chakraborty, AK Sadhu International Conference on Biologically Inspired Techniques in Many … , 2024 2024
IoMT applications in healthcare 5.0 B Misra, S Chakraborty, N Dey Elsevier , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Technologies Used in AI-Empowered Knowledge Management S Chakraborty, B Misra, N Dey AI-Empowered Knowledge Management in Education, 13-21 , 2024 2024
AI-Based Knowledge Management Applications S Chakraborty, B Misra, N Dey AI-Empowered Knowledge Management in Education, 23-27 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Technical and Ethical Challenges and Opportunities S Chakraborty, B Misra, N Dey AI-Empowered Knowledge Management in Education, 49-53 , 2024 2024
AI-Empowered Knowledge Management in Primary and Higher Education S Chakraborty, B Misra, N Dey AI-Empowered Knowledge Management in Education, 29-47 , 2024 2024
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Adaptive thresholding: A comparative study P Roy, S Dutta, N Dey, G Dey, S Chakraborty, R Ray 2014 International conference on control, Instrumentation, communication and … , 2014 2014 Citations: 256
A survey of image classification methods and techniques SS Nath, G Mishra, J Kar, S Chakraborty, N Dey 2014 International conference on control, instrumentation, communication and … , 2014 2014 Citations: 203
Automated stratification of liver disease in ultrasound: an online accurate feature classification paradigm L Saba, N Dey, AS Ashour, S Samanta, SS Nath, S Chakraborty, ... Computer methods and programs in biomedicine 130, 118-134 , 2016 2016 Citations: 161
Firefly Algorithm for Optimization of Scaling Factors During Embedding of Manifold Medical Information: An Application in Ophthalmology Imaging N Dey, S Samanta, S Chakraborty, A Das, SS Chaudhuri, JS Suri Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 4 (3), 384-394(11) , 2014 2014 Citations: 143
Fundamentals, present and future perspectives of speech enhancement N Das, S Chakraborty, J Chaki, N Padhy, N Dey International Journal of Speech Technology 24 (4), 883-901 , 2021 2021 Citations: 131
Principal component analysis in medical image processing: a study D Nandi, AS Ashour, S Samanta, S Chakraborty, MAM Salem, N Dey International Journal of Image Mining 1 (1), 65-86 , 2015 2015 Citations: 131
Image segmentation using rough set theory: a review P Roy, S Goswami, S Chakraborty, AT Azar, N Dey Medical Imaging: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, 1414-1426 , 2017 2017 Citations: 113
Measurement of glomerulus diameter and Bowman's space width of renal albino rats T Kotyk, N Dey, AS Ashour, D Balas-Timar, S Chakraborty, AS Ashour, ... Computer methods and programs in biomedicine 126, 143-153 , 2016 2016 Citations: 113
Particle Swarm Optimization based parameter optimization technique in medical information hiding S Chakraborty, S Samanta, D Biswas, N Dey, SS Chaudhuri Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), 2013 IEEE … , 2013 2013 Citations: 81
Dengue fever classification using gene expression data: a PSO based artificial neural network approach S Chatterjee, S Hore, N Dey, S Chakraborty, AS Ashour Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Frontiers in Intelligent … , 2017 2017 Citations: 80
Video shot boundary detection: a review G Pal, D Rudrapaul, S Acharjee, R Ray, S Chakraborty, N Dey Emerging ICT for Bridging the Future-Proceedings of the 49th Annual … , 2015 2015 Citations: 77
A comparative approach of four different image registration techniques for quantitative assessment of coronary artery calcium lesions using intravascular ultrasound T Araki, N Ikeda, N Dey, S Chakraborty, L Saba, D Kumar, EC Godia, ... Computer methods and programs in biomedicine 118 (2), 158-172 , 2015 2015 Citations: 65
Healthy and unhealthy rat hippocampus cells classification: A neural based automated system for Alzheimer disease classification N Dey, AS Ashour, S Chakraborty, S Samanta, D Sifaki-Pistolla, ... Journal of Advanced Microscopy Research 11 (1), 1-10 , 2016 2016 Citations: 54
Entanglement of MAPK pathways with gene expression and its omnipresence in the etiology for cancer and neurodegenerative disorders J Chakraborty, S Chakraborty, S Chakraborty, MN Narayan Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 1866 (4), 194988 , 2023 2023 Citations: 45
Comparative approach between singular value decomposition and randomized singular value decomposition-based watermarking S Chakraborty, S Chatterjee, N Dey, AS Ashour, AE Hassanien Intelligent techniques in signal processing for multimedia security, 133-149 , 2016 2016 Citations: 45
Effect of Euler number as a feature in gender recognition system from offline handwritten signature using neural networks P Maji, S Chatterjee, S Chakraborty, N Kausar, S Samanta, N Dey 2015 2nd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global … , 2015 2015 Citations: 43
Image mining framework and techniques: a review N Dey, WBA KarÁ¢ a, S Chakraborty, S Banerjee, MAM Salem, AT Azar International Journal of Image Mining 1 (1), 45-64 , 2015 2015 Citations: 41
Watermarking in biomedical signal processing N Dey, AS Ashour, S Chakraborty, S Banerjee, E Gospodinova, ... Intelligent techniques in signal processing for multimedia security, 345-369 , 2016 2016 Citations: 40
Unmanned aerial system for post disaster identification A Mukherjee, S Chakraborty, AT Azar, SK Bhattacharyay, B Chatterjee, ... International Conference on Circuits, Communication, Control and Computing … , 2014 2014 Citations: 40
Cellular automata based encrypted ECG-hash code generation: an application in inter human biometric authentication system S Nandi, S Roy, J Dansana, WBA Karaa, R Ray, SR Chowdhury, ... International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 6 (11), 1 , 2014 2014 Citations: 37