Pharmacokinetic and dissolution profiling of tadalafil formulated with SNEDDS and β-cyclodextrin in fast-dissolving tablets Cyril Jose, Sankalp Gharat, Afiya Baig, Pratibha Pilgaokar, Munira Momin Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2026 One of the main challenges in the oral administration of tadalafil is its low water solubility, which limits its bioavailability. The research aims for enhancement of solubility and bioavailability for tadalafil, through comparing effectiveness for inclusion complex of Beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEEDS). Both approaches were further formulated into fast-dissolving tablets (FDTs) to achieve rapid onset of action. Dissolution studies demonstrated superior drug release from both systems compared to the marketed product, with SNEEDS showing 97.54 ± 1.76% release in 30 minutes and the β-CD complex exhibiting 92.47 ± 1.23% release in 15 minutes. SNEDDS tablets showed significantly improved dissolution compared to β-CD-Tadalafil complexes. In pharmacokinetic studies on Wistar rats, SNEEDS resulted in a higher AUC of 4420.6 mcg/ml.hr, C-max of 3.95 mcg/ml, and a faster T-max of 4 hours, indicating enhanced bioavailability in contrast with both the β-CD complexes and the marketed product. The lipophilic system (SNEEDS) was superior to the hydrophilic system (β-CD inclusion complex) in enhancing tadalafil bioavailability. Despite the lower AUC of developed β-CD complex compared to marketed formulation, increased C-max and faster T-max suggested a rapid onset of action and maximum efficacy. In conclusion, the developed lipophilic system – SNEEDS, significantly enhanced tadalafil bioavailability compared to both the hydrophilic system and the marketed product. The optimized SNEDDS formulation exhibited significantly higher dissolution compared with the β-cyclodextrin complex and marketed tablet. This study demonstrates the possibilities of innovative drug delivery systems, especially the lipophilic SEEDS, to address the difficulties related with poorly water-soluble drugs, offers promising avenue to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL IN SITU GELLING INTRANASAL SYSTEM CONTAINING RESVERATROL LOADED PLGA NANOPARTICLES FOR MANAGEMENT OF EPILEPSY , Mihika M. Shringarpure, , Aditi R. Joshi, , Sankalp A. Gharat, , Munira M. Momin, , and Indian Drugs, 2025 Drug delivery to the brain is highly challenging due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Resveratrol (RESV) has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects but limited bioavailability caused by low solubility, photosensitivity and rapid metabolism. This study develops an intranasal in situ gel containing RESVloaded PLGA nanoparticles for targeted nose-to-brain delivery in epilepsy management. The gel uses thermosensitive Kolliphor® P 407, mucoadhesive HPMC K-100, and mannitol for tonicity. It was characterized for particle size, gelation, entrapment efficiency, drug content, and stability and evaluated through in vitro and in vivo studies, offering a promising alternative treatment for epilepsy.
ETODOLAC LOADED MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES BASED TOPICAL GEL FOR TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATION Jayesh R. Gupta, Shivali A. Nigade, Sankalp A. Gharat, Munira M. Momin, , , , , and Indian Drugs, 2025 This study explores a topical hydrogel incorporating mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with etodolac (ETD) for inflammation treatment. MSNs were synthesized via the sol-gel method and loaded with ETD using adsorption. The ETD-MSNs were formulated into a gel using Carbopol® Ultrez. Characterization confirmed an average size of 254.9 nm, a zeta potential of -38mV, and high porosity. The encapsulation and loading efficiencies were 23.92 % and 28.12 %, respectively. In vitro drug release showed 93.60±1.31 % cumulative release at 8 h. In vivo studies in a Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritic rat model demonstrated significant reduction in inflammation, articular damage and pannus formation. The gel outperformed marketed Proxym® gel in reducing paw edema. Stability studies confirmed no significant changes over 3 months. These findings highlight the potential of ETD-MSN hydrogel as an effective anti-inflammatory treatment with sustained drug release and enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
Development and preclinical evaluation of a lipomer-based combinatorial delivery system for phytoconstituent and immunosuppressant in the management of Rheumatoid arthritis Shriya Karmarkar, Gaurav Pandey, Sankalp Gharat, Sujata Sawarkar Particulate Science and Technology, 2025 Cyclosporine (Cy) is a potent immunosuppressant utilized in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, low oral bioavailability and nephrotoxicity limits its use. Curcumin (CU) has been proved to reduce the Cy induced renal toxicity. In response to these challenges, lipomer was selected as a formulation strategy, as it has an edge over nanoemulsions in enhancing transdermal permeability by closely mimicking the cell membrane, while enabling drug release into the synovial fluid. Lipomers loaded with Cy and CU were prepared and evaluated for particle size (105 ± 2.4 nm), zeta potential (−30 ± 0.02 mV) and entrapment efficiency of 79.86% ± 1.223% and 74.40% ± 0.36% for CU and Cy, respectively. The ex-vivo permeation studies exhibited permeation of 99.600% ± 0.57% for CU and 98.684% ± 1.2% for Cy after 24 h. The steady state flux and permeability coefficient was found to be 0.070 µg/cm2/h and 0.026 cm/h for Cy, 0.018 µg/cm2/h and 0.0027 cm/h for CU, respectively. Preclinical studies on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model demonstrated significant reduction in paw volume, increased RBC, and Hb levels, while reducing WBC levels after treatment. Overall, the results indicate that lipomer-based topical system for delivery of Cy and CU holds as a potential for management of RA.
Novel ethosomal gel formulation for enhanced transdermal delivery of curcumin and cyclosporine: a preclinical approach to rheumatoid arthritis management Sankalp Gharat, Munira Momin, Urvashi Panchal, Abdelwahab Omri Drug Delivery, 2025 Vesicular systems have demonstrated efficacy in the management of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). This study explores the synergistic effect of edge-activated ethosomal gel to enhance the transdermal delivery of Curcumin (CUR) and Cyclosporine (CYC). Ethosomal vesicles prepared via the ethanol injection method were incorporated into a gel, with the optimized formulation exhibiting an average particle size of 93.3 ± 1.17 nm and a zeta potential of −29.2 ± 0.17 mV. Ex vivo diffusion studies on porcine ear skin demonstrated 97.115 ± 0.40% CUR and 98.331 ± 1.08% CYC release over 18 hours, exhibiting Hixson-Crowell diffusion mechanisms. The steady-state flux and permeability coefficients were 0.095 µg/cm2/hr and 0.0095 cm/hr for CUR, and 0.0804 µg/cm2/hr and 0.01608 cm/hr for CYC respectively. In anti-inflammatory tests on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells, the gel significantly increased IL-10 levels (p < 0.001), inhibited prostaglandin-E2, and reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels (p < 0.001). Moreover, the ethosomal gel demonstrated nonirritating properties and exhibited significant reduction in arthritic symptoms in the Complete Freund’s Adjuvant induced 28-day rat model, surpassing the effects of marketed and conventional gel. These findings highlight the synergistic benefits of combining CUR and CYC in an ethosomal gel, offering a promising alternative for RA management. Future clinical investigations are warranted to validate its safety and efficacy in humans and facilitate potential therapeutic integration.
Understanding the role of ethosomes in rheumatoid arthritis: innovative solutions to challenges in transdermal delivery of synthetic drugs and phytoconstituents Rohan Anchan, Anish Ghadi, Mohammed Ali Chauhan, Angel Godad, Sankalp Gharat Journal of Drug Targeting, 2025 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the joints leading to severe damage and cartilage destruction. Current therapies for RA such as DMARDs, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, and phytoconstituents often face challenges related to solubility and transdermal permeability. Considering the barriers posed by the stratum corneum in transdermal drug delivery, ethosomes have shown promising results in overcoming these hurdles. The presence of ethanol in ethosomes imparts flexibility and disrupts the skin's lipid bilayer, allowing for transdermal penetration. Researchers have explored the potential of ethosomal drug delivery systems loaded with various synthetic drugs and phytoconstituents for the management of RA. Despite promising preclinical findings, these systems have yet to transition from the bench to the bedside, and there is a lack of comprehensive review papers highlighting the potential of ethosomes in RA treatment. Considering the commercial challenges in scaling up such nano systems, this review aims to analyse the current state of the art and advancements in ethosomal formulations loaded with synthetic agents and phytoconstituents. Further, it explores the impact of excipients and processing parameters, on the preparation of ethosomes and their efficacy in overcoming skin barriers, to enhance the permeability of therapeutic agents.
Pharmacokinetic and Dissolution Profiling of Tadalafil Formulated with SNEDDS and β-Cyclodextrin in Fast-Dissolving Tablets C Jose, S Gharat, A Baig, P Pilgaokar, M Momin Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 1-22 , 2026 2026
Optimization of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Using Central Composite Design for Ocular Delivery of Pirfenidone V Basudkar, S Gharat, A Baig, M Momin Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation 21 (1), 92 , 2026 2026
Novel ethosomal gel formulation for enhanced transdermal delivery of curcumin and cyclosporine: a preclinical approach to rheumatoid arthritis management S Gharat, M Momin, U Panchal, A Omri Drug Delivery 32 (1), 2512620 , 2025 2025 Citations: 15
Understanding the role of ethosomes in rheumatoid arthritis: innovative solutions to challenges in transdermal delivery of synthetic drugs and phytoconstituents R Anchan, A Ghadi, MA Chauhan, A Godad, S Gharat Journal of Drug Targeting 33 (8), 1247-1261 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL IN SITU GELLING INTRANASAL SYSTEM CONTAINING RESVERATROL LOADED PLGA NANOPARTICLES FOR MANAGEMENT OF EPILEPSY MM Shringarpure, AR Joshi, SA Gharat, MM Momin Indian Drugs 62 (09), 23 , 2025 2025
ETODOLAC LOADED MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES BASED TOPICAL GEL FOR TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATION. JR Gupta, SA Nigade, SA Gharat, MM Momin Indian Drugs 62 (6) , 2025 2025
Development and preclinical evaluation of a lipomer-based combinatorial delivery system for phytoconstituent and immunosuppressant in the management of Rheumatoid arthritis S Karmarkar, G Pandey, S Gharat, S Sawarkar Particulate Science and Technology 43 (4), 501-513 , 2025 2025
Design, Formulation, and Evaluation of Opthalmic Multilayer Nanofiber Insert for Management of Dry Eye Disease D Sakpal, M Mhase, M Momin, S Gharat, S Sawarkar, SHS Boddu, ... Bionanoscience 15 (1), 97 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Navigating rheumatoid arthritis: insights into ligand-anchored nanoparticle strategies for anti-inflammatory therapy and relief S Karmarkar, T Fernandes, Z Choonia, S Gharat, S Sawarkar RSC Pharmaceutics 2 (1), 19-43 , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
Innovative drug delivery strategies for targeting glioblastoma: overcoming the challenges of the tumor microenvironment S Khot, A Krishnaveni, S Gharat, M Momin, C Bhavsar, A Omri Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 21 (12), 1837-1857 , 2024 2024 Citations: 21
New insights in psoriasis management using herbal drug nanocarriers SP Salgaonkar, JS Purewal, GM Doshi, T Fernandes, S Gharat, ... Current Pharmaceutical Design 30 (32), 2550-2561 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
Introduction to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic studies of novel drug delivery systems SA Gharat, MM Momin, T Khan Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Novel Drug Delivery Systems: From … , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, Preclinical and Clinical Models for Evaluation of Nanoparticles SA Gharat, MM Momin, T Khan Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Novel Drug Delivery Systems: From … , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of Novel Drug Delivery Systems SA Gharat, MM Momin, T Khan Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Novel Drug Delivery Systems: From … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Clinical Applications of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies of Targeted Novel Drug Delivery Systems SA Gharat, MM Momin, T Khan Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Novel Drug Delivery Systems: From … , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nanocarriers and novel drug delivery systems SA Gharat, MM Momin, T Khan Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Novel Drug Delivery Systems: From … , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic studies SA Gharat, MM Momin, T Khan Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of novel drug delivery systems: from … , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Novel Drug Delivery Systems: From Basic Concepts to Applications: A Machine-Generated Literature Overview SA Gharat, MM Momin, T Khan Springer Nature Singapore , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Unraveling the Role of the Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β, Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase, and Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis R Mohite, S Gharat, G Doshi Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Fluocinolone Acetonide Loaded Chitosan Nanofiber Scaffolds for Treatment of Ocular Disorders: In Vitro Characterization, Ex-Vivo Corneal and Ex-Vivo Scleral … Z Patel, S Gharat, M Momin Current Eye Research 49 (5), 467-476 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Oral squamous cell carcinoma: current treatment strategies and nanotechnology-based approaches for prevention and therapy SA Gharat, MM Momin, C Bhavsar Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 33 (4) , 2016 2016 Citations: 275
Metallic nanoparticles as drug delivery system for the treatment of cancer N Desai, M Momin, T Khan, S Gharat, RS Ningthoujam, A Omri Expert opinion on drug delivery 18 (9), 1261-1290 , 2021 2021 Citations: 232
Cellulosic polymers for enhancing drug bioavailability in ocular drug delivery systems B Gupta, V Mishra, S Gharat, M Momin, A Omri Pharmaceuticals 14 (11), 1201 , 2021 2021 Citations: 157
Functionalized and graft copolymers of chitosan and its pharmaceutical applications C Bhavsar, M Momin, S Gharat, A Omri Expert opinion on drug delivery 14 (10), 1189-1204 , 2017 2017 Citations: 115
Management of epileptic disorders using nanotechnology-based strategies for nose-to-brain drug delivery M Shringarpure, S Gharat, M Momin, A Omri Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 18 (2), 169-185 , 2021 2021 Citations: 74
Recent advancements in polymeric nanofibers for ophthalmic drug delivery and ophthalmic tissue engineering D Sakpal, S Gharat, M Momin Biomaterials advances 141, 213124 , 2022 2022 Citations: 48
An update on novel therapeutic intervention in Rheumatoid arthritis P Shah, A Siddique, A Thakkar, S Gharat, A Godad, P Kale, G Doshi International Immunopharmacology 109, 108794 , 2022 2022 Citations: 30
Recent advancements in electrospun nanofibers for wound healing: polymers, clinical and regulatory perspective Z Patel, SA Gharat, MM Al-Tabakha, A Ashames, SHS Boddu, MM Momin Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 39 (4) , 2022 2022 Citations: 26
A review of anti-aging nanoformulations: recent developments in excipients for nanocosmeceuticals and regulatory guidelines V Basudkar, SA Gharat, MM Momin, M Shringarpure Critical Reviews™ in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 39 (3) , 2022 2022 Citations: 25
Recent advancements in cellulose-based biomaterials for management of infected wounds M Momin, V Mishra, S Gharat, A Omri Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 18 (11), 1741-1760 , 2021 2021 Citations: 25
Innovative drug delivery strategies for targeting glioblastoma: overcoming the challenges of the tumor microenvironment S Khot, A Krishnaveni, S Gharat, M Momin, C Bhavsar, A Omri Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 21 (12), 1837-1857 , 2024 2024 Citations: 21
Advances in hydrogels based cutaneous drug delivery system for management of psoriasis T Vasowala, S Gharat, M Mhase, M Momin European Polymer Journal 202, 112630 , 2024 2024 Citations: 21
Novel ethosomal gel formulation for enhanced transdermal delivery of curcumin and cyclosporine: a preclinical approach to rheumatoid arthritis management S Gharat, M Momin, U Panchal, A Omri Drug Delivery 32 (1), 2512620 , 2025 2025 Citations: 15
In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of the developed curcumin-cyclosporine-loaded nanoemulgel for the management of rheumatoid arthritis S Gharat, V Basudkar, M Momin Immunological Investigations 53 (3), 490-522 , 2024 2024 Citations: 14
Exploring cytokines as potential target in peptic ulcer disease: A systematic update AZ Ansari, NY Bhatia, SA Gharat, AP Godad, GM Doshi Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug … , 2023 2023 Citations: 12
Development and preclinical assessment of nanoemulgel loaded with phytoconstituents for the management of rheumatoid arthritis A Chando, V Basudkar, S Gharat, M Momin, T Khan Drug Delivery and Translational Research 14 (2), 524-541 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
Navigating rheumatoid arthritis: insights into ligand-anchored nanoparticle strategies for anti-inflammatory therapy and relief S Karmarkar, T Fernandes, Z Choonia, S Gharat, S Sawarkar RSC Pharmaceutics 2 (1), 19-43 , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Novel Drug Delivery Systems: From Basic Concepts to Applications: A Machine-Generated Literature Overview SA Gharat, MM Momin, T Khan Springer Nature Singapore , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Mucoadhesive oro-gel–containing chitosan lipidic nanoparticles for the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma S Gharat, V Basudkar, M Momin, A Prabhu Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation 18 (3), 1298-1315 , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
New insights in psoriasis management using herbal drug nanocarriers SP Salgaonkar, JS Purewal, GM Doshi, T Fernandes, S Gharat, ... Current Pharmaceutical Design 30 (32), 2550-2561 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6