Ramzi Althubaitiy

Scopus Publications

Accuracy of 3 Intraoral and 1 Extraoral Digital Scanning Systems for Multiple Laminate Veneer Preparations: An In Vitro Study
Manawar Ahmad, Mohammed E. Sayed, Hina Naim Abdul, Mohammed Abed Basihi, Amjad Mansour Khalawi, Hossam F. Jokhadar, Muhannad H. Muaddi, Saad Saleh AlResayes, Firas K. Alqarawi, Ramzi O. Althubaitiy, Reem Alshammakhy, Ali Y. Alsaeed, Bassam Zidane
Medical Science Monitor International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 2026
BACKGROUND Digital impressions using intraoral and extraoral scanners have overcome the conventional impression limitations such as dimensional inaccuracies, difficulties in tray selection, material-related problems, and impression storage difficulties. Despite technological advances, achieving100% accuracy remains challenging due to scanner quality, image capture size, and file transfer errors. For multiple ceramic laminate veneers, marginal adaptation is crucial for success, requiring optimal tooth-veneer contact fit to maximize restoration longevity. MATERIAL AND METHODS A maxillary typodont master model was prepared for multiple ceramic laminate veneers for teeth #11, #12, and #13. The master model was scanned with 3 different intraoral scanners (Trios, Medit i700 and iTero) and 1 extraoral benchtop scanner (3Shape). The STL scan files were superimposed with the master model using a best-fit alignment algorithm to measure the linear deviations at 6 specific surface locations and compared the scanning accuracy of the 3 different intraoral scanners and 1 extraoral benchtop scanner on multiple teeth prepared for laminate veneers. RESULTS The Trios intraoral scanner had significantly lower deviations across all measured surfaces, followed by the Medit i700 intraoral scanner and the 3Shape extraoral benchtop scanner, while the iTero intraoral scanner consistently showed the highest deviations at most measurement points. CONCLUSIONS The Trios intraoral scanner was the most accurate, followed by the Medit i700 intraoral scanner, compared to the iTero intraoral scanner and 3Shape extraoral benchtop scanner.
Accuracy of Scanning Endocrown Preparation
European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 2026
An in vivo Study on the Accuracy of Digital Implant Impressions
European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 2026
The prevalence and risk factors related to erosive tooth wear in an adult population: a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Ibrahim S. Aljulayfi, Rafif F. Alshenaiber, Murtadha A. Alali, Ali H. Almatrafi, Arwa U. Alsaggaf, Sarah Nassief, Ramzi O. Althubaitiy, Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes
Odontology, 2026
This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors associated with erosive tooth wear (ETW) among the adult population. Clinical examinations were conducted using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination index, which assesses the severity of ETW in six sextants of the oral cavity. The risk factors for ETW included: (1) socio-demographic characteristics, (2) general health conditions, (3) vitamin C consumption, (4) beverage consumption, (5) acidic foods and drinks, (6) dairy products, (7) use of fluoridated mouthwashes and toothpastes, and (8) type of toothbrush. A one-way ANOVA test and an independent sample t-test were used; a p-value of 0.05 was considered the threshold for statistical significance. A total of 312 participants were included; 174 (55.8%) were females. In terms of age distribution, the majority of participants were between 23 and 59 years old (n = 261). Regarding education, predominantly (154, 49.4%) held a bachelor’s degree. Regarding socioeconomic factors, 214 participants (68.6%) were framed into the lowest socioeconomic status (SES). The highest prevalence of ETW was observed in the maxillary anterior teeth (90.2%), followed by the mandibular anterior teeth (79.8%). Participants who used hard-bristled toothbrushes (teeth abrasion), consumed acidic products, and belonged to high SES groups had significantly higher erosive tooth wear scores. The overall prevalence of ETW among participants was 69%, with the highest prevalence observed in males, older age groups, and those with higher SES. The findings highlight the significant role of dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, and socioeconomic factors in the development of ETW.
Mapping the prosthodontic workforce in Saudi Arabia: Patterns, training backgrounds, professional ranks, and regional distributions
Abdulrahman Almalki, Hussam M. Alqahtani, Adel Alenazi, Fahad Alkhtani, Ali Robaian, Ramzi O. Althubaitiy
Saudi Dental Journal, 2025
PURPOSE: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive national overview of the prosthodontic workforce in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its demographic composition, educational background, geographic distribution, and workforce trends. The findings are intended to support policymakers in postgraduate education planning, and equitable access strategies to prosthodontics care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using official data obtained from the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) as of May 2025. The dataset included all registered practicing prosthodontists across Saudi Arabia. Key variables included gender, nationality, professional classification, practice region, and postgraduate training background. The prosthodontist-to-population ratio was calculated based on the 2024 national census data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the characteristics of the prosthodontic workforce. RESULTS: A total of 1,542 prosthodontists were identified across Saudi Arabia, resulting in a national ratio of 4.37 prosthodontists per 100,000 population. The workforce was predominantly male (65.8%), with females representing 34.2%. Non-Saudis accounted for 56.5% of the workforce, while Saudis made up 43.5%. Most prosthodontists were located in major metropolitan areas, with 34.1% practicing in Riyadh, 24.6% in Makkah, and 11.8% in the Eastern Region. The most common countries of postgraduate education were Egypt (29.3%), Saudi Arabia (27.3%), India (9.0%), and the United States (7.2%). The workforce was almost evenly divided between the public sector (48.3%) and the private sector (47.8%). CONCLUSION: Saudi Arabia has witnessed steady growth in its prosthodontics workforce, marked by increased training capacity, diverse educational backgrounds, and encouraging participation of female practitioners. Despite this progress, challenges remain in achieving balanced gender representation, equitable regional distribution, and consistency in training standards. These findings highlight the importance of thoughtful workforce planning and the need to reassess classification systems and align training pathways with internationally recognized benchmarks. Such efforts will be essential to ensure high-quality, inclusive, and sustainable prosthodontics care across all regions.
Comparative accuracy of digital impressions using universal dual-purpose scan jigs for maxillary implant full arch impressions: An in vitro study
Abdulrahman Almalki, Mohammed A. Akl, Ali Robaian, Ramzi Althubaitiy, Abdullah Alnasser, Evanthia Anadioti
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2025
PurposeTo assess the accuracy of intraoral scanners (IOSs) for final impressions using dual‐purpose scan jigs (DPSJs) and standard scan bodies (SBs).Materials and MethodsAn edentulous typodont model with multiunit abutment analogs in the lateral incisor (L), premolar (P), and molar (M) regions was used for intraoral scanning following the manufacturer's recommended protocol. This process involved digitally scanning standard SBs and DPSJs, with the obtained data superimposed and compared against the reference model. Three‐dimensional (3D) evaluation software (Geomagic Control X) was then employed to identify any deviations in the data, followed by statistical analysis using ANOVA one‐way tests and Bonferroni post hoc tests to determine differences at each location.ResultsThe overall accuracy ranged from 21.8 to 16.8 µm for DPSJs and from 25.3 to 16.1 µm for SBs. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between DPSJs and SBs across lateral incisor (L), premolar (P), and molar (M) locations. Specifically, SBs exhibited higher accuracy in lateral incisors (16.8 µm) compared to DPSJs (21.8 µm), but this difference lacked statistical significance. Similarly, in premolar locations, SBs were slightly more accurate (16.1 µm) than DPSJs (17.3 µm), with no statistical significance. Conversely, DPSJs showed slightly better accuracy in molar locations (17.3 µm) than SBs (19.1 µm), which was not statistically significant.ConclusionThe in vitro study concluded that intraoral digital scanning with DPSJs showed comparable accuracy to standard scan bodies for fully edentulous arches. Furthermore, the 3D deviation of implant positions using both DPSJs and SBs fell within clinically acceptable ranges.
Assessment of ChatGPT's Performance on the ACP 2024 National Prosthodontics Resident Exam (NPRE)
Abdulrahman Almalki, Ramzi O. Althubaitiy, Fahad Alkhtani, Evanthia Anadioti, Heba Wageh Abozaed
European Journal of Dental Education, 2025
PurposeTo evaluate the performance of ChatGPT on the National Prosthodontics Resident Exam (NPRE).MethodsTwo separate OpenAI accounts were used for ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4.0, each managed by independent examiners. The dataset was sourced from the American College of Prosthodontics (ACP) 2024 National Prosthodontics Resident Exam (NPRE), which includes 150 multiple‐choice board‐style questions on various prosthodontic topics. Questions were inputted as they appeared in the NPRE, and responses were recorded as correct or incorrect. Accuracy was assessed using a two‐tailed t‐test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. After the study was completed, OpenAI accounts were deleted to ensure data privacy and security.ResultsChatGPT 3.5 correctly answered 84 out of 150 questions, achieving a score of 56.0%; while ChatGPT 4 significantly outperformed it with a score of 73.7%, correctly answering 109 out of 150 questions (p < 0.001). In specific subjects, ChatGPT 4 consistently scored higher, with significant improvements in Basic Science (71.2% vs. 61.3%), Implant Surgery (67.5% vs. 41.2%), Diagnosis and Treatment Planning (66.6% vs. 53.4%) and Fixed Prosthodontics (86.9% vs. 62.5%). The highest scores for both versions were in Dental Materials, with ChatGPT 4 achieving 91.6% compared to ChatGPT 3.5's 73.1%.ConclusionChatGPT 4.0 shows promising potential as an educational tool for prosthodontics residents by effectively addressing board‐style questions. However, due to a significant presence of misinformation in ChatGPT's current prosthodontics knowledge base, residents should exercise caution and supplement AI‐generated content with evidence‐based information from credible sources to ensure accuracy and reliability.
Mechanical Assessment of CAD/CAM Fabricated Hybrid Ceramics: An In Vitro Study
Khalid K. Alanazi, Abdulaziz A. Alzaid, Ali A. Elkaffas, Sarah A. Bukhari, Ramzi O. Althubaitiy, Khalid A. Alfaifi, Ibrahim M. Alfahdi, Hussain A. Alqahtani
Applied Sciences Switzerland, 2024
The current study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of CAD/CAM fabricated hybrid ceramic restorative materials. The current study assessed the mechanical properties of additively and subtractively manufactured CAD/CAM fabricated hybrid ceramic by conducting flexure strength test, compressive strength test, and Vickers hardness test. Flexural samples were subjected to a three-point bending test using a universal testing machine until the samples showed fracture. Moreover, samples for the compressive strength test were subjected to compression tests using a universal testing machine until samples were fractured. Samples for the Vickers hardness was tested using the Vickers hardness testing machine to determine the sample’s hardness values. There were significant differences (p = 0.0001) were observed among the additive and subtractive groups in terms of flexure strength and compressive strength test. Regarding the Vickers hardness test, significant differences (p = 0.0001) were observed between the polished and unpolished groups in additive manufacturing. However, no significant (p = 0.681) differences were observed in the subtractive manufacturing technique. The subtractive group achieved ISO specifications in terms of flexural strength and was superior to additive groups in hardness while exhibiting lower performance in compressive strength. Moreover, printing orientation had a significant influence on the performance of additive groups. Flexural strength and hardness were improved when the printing orientation was in alignment with the direction of load (90°) while compressive strength was improved when the printing orientation was perpendicular to the direction of load (0°).
The Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Prosthodontics: A Comprehensive Review
Ibrahim Saleh Aljulayfi, Ali Hamoud Almatrafi, Ramzi O. Althubaitiy, Fahad Alnafisah, Khalid Alshehri, Bandar Alzahrani, Khalid Gufran
Medical Science Monitor, 2024
Prosthodontics is a dental subspecialty that includes the preparation of dental prosthetics for missing or damaged teeth. It increasingly uses computer-assisted technologies for planning and preparing dental prosthetics. This study aims to present the findings from a systematic review of publications on artificial intelligence (AI) in prosthodontics to identify current trends and future opportunities. The review question was "What are the applications of AI in prosthodontics and how good is their performance in prosthodontics?" Electronic searching in the Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Cochrane Library was conducted. The search was limited to full text from January 2012 to January 2024. Quadas-2 was used for assessing quality and potential risk of bias for the selected studies. A total of 1925 studies were identified in the initial search. After removing the duplicates and applying exclusion criteria, a total of 30 studies were selected for this review. Results of the Quadas-2 assessment of included studies found that a total of 18.3% of studies were identified as low risk of bias studies, whereas 52.6% and 28.9% of included studies were identified as studies with high and unclear risk of bias, respectively. Although they are still developing, AI models have already shown promise in the areas of dental charting, tooth shade selection, automated restoration design, mapping the preparation finishing line, manufacturing casting optimization, predicting facial changes in patients wearing removable prostheses, and designing removable partial dentures.
Clinical Peri-Implant Parameters and Marginal Bone Loss for Early Mandibular Implant Overdentures: A Follow-Up of 60 Months
Abdulaziz A. AlHelal, Abdulaziz A. Alzaid, Saad H. Almujel, Mohammed Alsaloum, Khalid K. Alanazi, Ramzi O. Althubaitiy, Khulud A. Al-Aali
Medicina Lithuania, 2024
Background and Objectives: Despite the identified benefits of early implant loading, studies have questioned its advantages compared to delayed loading in edentulous patients. This study aimed to evaluate clinical peri-implant parameters and marginal bone loss around early placed and loaded mandibular implant overdentures with a 60-month follow-up. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 43 patients were enrolled to receive 86 early loading sub-crestal dental implants through prosthetic guides. Implant overdentures were supported by two isolated implant locator attachments between two mental foramens. Clinical peri-implant parameters, including plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), peri-implant pocket depth (PIPD), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were evaluated using standardized techniques at 1, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months follow-up. At 60 months, complications associated with implant overdentures (IOD’s) were noted. The mean comparison of peri-implant clinical parameters was performed through ANOVA test. A p-value of ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Out of the total 43 enrolled patients, 8 patients were lost during follow-up; as a result, 35 patients completed the 5 years follow-up. The mean values of PI, BI, and PIPD increased with no statistical difference (p > 0.05). For marginal bone loss, an increase in the mean values was noted at different time intervals with statistical differences (p < 0.001). The most common complications noted were loosening of the abutment, occlusal adjustment, retentive locator loosening and replacement, and relining of the denture. Conclusions: Early placement of IODs failed to prevent bone loss over time and was associated with complications, predominantly consisting of abutment loosening, occlusal adjustments, broken retentive locator components, relining, and rebasing.
Interchangeability of Contemporary Semi-adjustable Articulators Used Over Time: An In Vitro Study
Abdulrahman Almalki, Noor Kutkut, Ramzi Althubaitiy, Ali Robaian, Khaled Alzaharni, Evanthia Anadioti
Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2024
Evaluation of Peri-Implant Parameters and Functional Outcome of Immediately Placed and Loaded Mandibular Overdentures: A 5-year Follow-up Study
Abdulaziz AlHelal, Abdulaziz A. Alzaid, Saad H. Almujel, Mohammed Alsaloum, Khalid K. Alanazi, et al.
Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry, 2024
The Accuracy of Digital Implant Impressions when Using and Varying the Material and Diameter of the Dental Implant Scan Bodies
Ramzi O. Althubaitiy, R Sambrook, M Weisbloom, Haralampos Petridis
European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 2022