Review on the impact of processing routes and external factors on phase formation and tribological properties of CoCrFeMnNi HEAs Rituraj Chandrakar, Om Prakash, Anil Kumar, Ankur Jaiswal, Manish Kumar Emergent Materials, 2026 High-entropy alloys (HEAs) based on CoCrFeMnNi continue to attract attention to their balanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance; however, their tribological response remains strongly path-dependent. This review combines processing routes such as casting, powder metallurgy/spark plasma sintering (SPS), additive manufacturing (SLM/LPBF), and coating methods such as PVD/thermal spray with the resultant phase constitution (FCC, BCC, σ, and Laves) and defect structures to describe their trends in hardness, friction, and wear at room temperature up to approximately 800 o C. To balance different literature reports, we standardize the units of wear and cluster complete test data (counterface, load, kinematics, atmosphere, and temperature) so that quantitative comparison between studies is possible. Determining (i) systematic decreases when the FCC changes to BCC or intermetallic-reinforced state and (ii) a crossover in temperature at which many coating types can minimize wear at approximately 400 o C before increasing in temperature, a causal map was constructed linking route-controlled phase selection and secondary reinforcers (e.g., carbides/solid lubricants) to effect sizes in selective wear and friction. A route-selection guide, important information gaps in tribocorrosion (sliding-electrochemistry coupling), and template reporting tools that improve design and reproducibility are included at the conclusion of the review. All these factors lead to a consistent foundation on which to build the engineering of Cantor based HEAs and coating to meet desired wear windows in commercial environments.
Silicon-Induced Microstructural Refinement and Its Influence on Tribological and Corrosion Behavior of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys Rituraj Chandrakar, Ankur Jaiswal, Anil Kumar, Saurabh Chandraker, Abu Nasar Farooq, Rakshith B. Sreesha Advanced Engineering Materials, 2026 This study examines the impact of silicon addition on the microstructure and properties of CoCrFeMnNiSi x ( x = 0–0.9) high‐entropy alloys fabricated by vacuum arc melting. XRD confirms a single FCC solid solution for all x , with the lattice parameter increasing from 3.545 Å ( x = 0) to 3.575 Å ( x = 0.9) and diffraction peaks shifting to lower 2 θ . SEM/EDS shows Si‐accentuated dendritic/interdendritic partitioning and refinement. Microhardness increases from 150 HV ( x = 0) to 400 HV ( x = 0.9), consistent with solid‐solution and grain‐boundary strengthening. Dry sliding tribology shows the steady‐state friction coefficient decreases from 0.57 to 0.39, while the peak friction drops from 0.92 to 0.75. In 3.5 wt.% NaCl, corrosion performance improves markedly. Ecorr shifts from −360.6 to −247.3 mV and Icorr decreases from 1.16 × 10 −5 to 2.45 × 10 −7 A cm −2 for x = 0 to x = 0.9. Silicon thus enables concurrent FCC lattice expansion, microstructural refinement, higher hardness, better wear response, and superior corrosion resistance.
Investigation of phase transformation and mechanical properties of silicon addition on AlCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys Rituraj Chandrakar, Saurabh Chandraker, Anil Kumar, Ankur Jaiswal Materials Research Express, 2024 This paper examines the impact of silicon in the AlCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy system, focusing on both its microstructural and mechanical properties. Alloys with varying silicon content (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 atomic ratio) were synthesized using vacuum arc melting. The phase formation of these high-entropy alloys was analyzed using x-ray diffraction to comprehend the alloying process behaviour. The findings revealed that the solidification of the AlCrFeMnNi alloy occurred in dendritically, with dendrite cores containing Cr, Fe, and Ni, while interdendritic regions were enriched in Al and Ni after adding Silicon. Increasing the silicon content from 0 to 0.9 led to significant improvements in microhardness and wear resistance. This improvement is attributed to the reinforcement of grain boundaries provided by silicon. The formation of an Al and Ni rich B2 phase is crucial in resisting dislocation motion and preventing further deformation. Additionally, the addition of silicon led to improved corrosion resistance, as demonstrated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements. However, a trade-off was observed between compressive strength and ductility: compressive strength increased with higher silicon concentrations, but at the expense of ductility.
Laser cladding technology for high entropy alloys: effect and applications Om Prakash, Rituraj Chandrakar, Martin L, Jagesvar Verma, Anil kumar, Ankur Jaiswal Materials Research Express, 2024 A multi-component category of an alloy containing very specific properties revolutionized the area of material science and the present engineering era. Laser cladding, a technique for surface coating, enhances surface quality and modifies properties using advanced coating technologies. In current trends, Laser cladding is mainly used in equipment and machine parts for enhancing surface properties, repairing damaged parts and surface coating caused by its advantages such as small heat-affected zone, low substrate damage, low dilution rate and exceptional metallurgical material bonding among coating and used substrate. Laser cladding improves substrates’ mechanical and various functional-specific properties, ensuring a high-quality balance between mechanical and surface attributes. The research society was able to investigate laser-cladding HEAs coatings because of the superior attributes of HEAs compared to ordinary alloys. This paper reviews current developments in laser-cladding HEAs coatings and the application of laser-cladding technology to HEAs materials. The laser cladding high-entropy alloy coatings have potential applications in corrosion, wear, and oxidation resistance, as well as their respective substrates. Cladded coatings composed of HEAs materials are measured to have shown potential applications in recent technology, opening exciting possibilities for the future. The study also discusses current trends and future prospects.
Effect of metalloid element on the microstructural and mechanical properties of AlCoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloys Rituraj Chandrakar, Saurabh Chandraker, Anil Kumar, Ankur Jaiswal Materials Technology, 2024 The impact of the metalloid element silicon (Si) addition on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the AlCoCuCrFeNiSix high-entropy alloy system is examined in this paper. The alloys were synthesized using a vacuum arc melting route. X-ray diffraction was used to analyse the current high-entropy alloys’ phase formation to comprehend the alloying process’s behaviour. It is evident from the peak pattern of the X-ray diffraction that the inclusion of Si promotes the growth of body-centred cubic structures. The microhardness and wear resistance were increased by increasing the Si content from 0 to 0.9. Si presence enhances the hardness of the alloys and strengthens the grain boundary. Improved hardness and wear resistance results from the enhanced body-centred cubic-phase formation, which poses a barrier to the dislocation movement and prevents further deformation. Furthermore, the inclusion of Si improved corrosion resistance in potentiodynamic polarization measurements. Excellent compressive strength is possessed by all of the high-entropy alloys with Si addition.
High-entropy alloys: Processing, alloying element, microstructure, and properties Kumar, Anil 1980-, Chandrakar, Rituraj, Dubey, Vikas 1985-, Michalska-Domańska, Marta High Entropy Alloys Processing Alloying Element Microstructure and Properties, 2023 This book offers an analysis of the state-of-the-art in high entropy alloys (HEA). In order to increase the qualities of an alloy, one major element is typically chosen and other elements are added to it in small amounts. In order to create multi-component alloys without a single major element, Professor J.W. Yeh described a novel method of alloy design in 2004. This method involved mixing elements in equiatomic or nearly equiatomic proportions. HEAs have a wide range of structural and physical properties and may find use in various applications. HEAs are intended to have high configurational entropy. The fundamental information now known in the subject, the range of different alloy systems and the features that have been investigated so far, the current major study fields, and the technological applications are presented in this book. Includes high entropy alloy fabrication and phase development. Discusses thermodynamic design criteria to develop HEAs. Covers the HEAs functioning characteristics. Compares the different processing routes used for the synthesis of HEAs
Overview of high-entropy alloys Om Prakash, Rituraj Chandrakar, Anil Kumar, Marta Michalska-Domańska High Entropy Alloys Processing Alloying Element Microstructure and Properties, 2023 New materials and alloys are being developed by using latest technology and manufacturing techniques. Significant progress in alloy system has led to development of special alloys, such as alloys of iron, copper, superalloys, and high-entropy alloys. High-entropy alloys with multiple constituent elements, higher mixing entropy, improved property, and structure make them different from other alloy systems. High- entropy alloy concepts have come into focus after successful development of these alloys, from 2004. Basic concepts, design strategy, phase formation rule, and basic core effects for enhancements of property and structural stability of highentropy alloys are discussed in this chapter.
Melting and casting route Rituraj Chandrakar, Om Prakash, Rajesh Kumar, Hanuman Reddy Tiyyagura, Saurabh Chandraker High Entropy Alloys Processing Alloying Element Microstructure and Properties, 2023 The melting and casting route is the most common and relatively cheap route of production of high-entropy alloys. In this route, the constituent elements are mixed in liquid state. Multicomponent alloys in the shape of buttons, rods, ribbons, and bars have been created using the melting and casting route, with various cooling rates. Vacuum arc melting is the most common melting and processing process. This chapter reviews melting and casting routes and related synthesis techniques in manufacturing of high-entropy alloys.
Basic alloying elements used in high-entropy alloys Rituraj Chandrakar, K. Sridhar, Prem Shankar Sahu, Saurabh Chandraker, Pankaj Kumar Gupta High Entropy Alloys Processing Alloying Element Microstructure and Properties, 2023
Synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence studies of rare earth (RE=Sm, Dy, Gd) doped Y4Al2O9 phosphors for display applications Phosphors for Display Forensic and Biomedical Application, 2021
Hot corrosion behaviour of nickel chromium coating at different temperatures (800 °C and 900 °C) on SA213 T91 boiler steel weldments Materials Physics and Mechanics, 2012
Computational modeling of blast furnace cooling stave based on heat transfer analysis Materials Physics and Mechanics, 2012
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
A synergistic strategy for strengthening and corrosion resistance in chromium-modified ductile refractory high-entropy alloys RK Srivastav, RS Patel, R Chandrakar, A Kumar, A Jaiswal, SK Tamang, ... Materials Technology 41 (1), 2674815 , 2026 2026
Phase driven strengthening mechanisms in NbMoTiV based refractory high entropy alloys with Cr inclusions RK Srivastav, A Kumar, A Jaiswal, R Chandrakar, SK Tamang, ... Materials Chemistry and Physics, 132625 , 2026 2026
Review on the impact of processing routes and external factors on phase formation and tribological properties of CoCrFeMnNi HEAs R Chandrakar, O Prakash, A Kumar, A Jaiswal, M Kumar Emergent Materials 9 (5), 120 , 2026 2026
Silicon‐Induced Microstructural Refinement and Its Influence on Tribological and Corrosion Behavior of CoCrFeMnNi High‐Entropy Alloys R Chandrakar, A Jaiswal, A Kumar, S Chandraker, AN Farooq, ... Advanced Engineering Materials 28 (8), e202502401 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Effect of metalloid element on the microstructural and mechanical properties of AlCoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloys R Chandrakar, S Chandraker, A Kumar, A Jaiswal Materials Technology 39 (1), 2417295 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Investigation of phase transformation and mechanical properties of silicon addition on AlCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys R Chandrakar, S Chandraker, A Kumar, A Jaiswal Materials Research Express 11 (11), 116512 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Laser cladding technology for high entropy alloys: effect and applications O Prakash, R Chandrakar, J Verma, A kumar, A Jaiswal Materials Research Express 11 (9), 096510 , 2024 2024 Citations: 23
Reducing machine setup time using simultaneously four jaws and three jaws chucks in a Lathe machine V Tapas, R Chandrakar, K Sridhar, D Chetti, Vatul AIP Conference Proceedings 3111 (1), 050005 , 2024 2024
A review on mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced PLA composites AK Sinha, KR Rao, VK Soni, R Chandrakar, HK Sharma, A Kumar Current Materials Science: Formerly: Recent Patents on Materials Science 16 … , 2023 2023 Citations: 8
Overview of high-entropy alloys O Prakash, R Chandrakar, A Kumar, M Michalska-Domańska A. Kumar, R. Chandrakar, V. Dubey, M. Michalska-Domansk a (Eds.), High … , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Melting and casting route R Chandrakar, O Prakash, R Kumar, HR Tiyyagura, S Chandraker High-Entropy Alloys: Processing, Alloying Element, Microstructure, and … , 2023 2023
High-entropy alloys: processing, alloying element, microstructure, and properties A Kumar, R Chandrakar, V Dubey, M Michalska-Domańska Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
Phase Evolution of Novel MoNbSiTiW Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying: Prakash, R. Chandrakar, S. Chandraker, Rao, R. Kumar, A. Kumar, and Dubey O Prakash, R Chandrakar, S Chandraker, KR Rao, R Kumar, A Kumar, ... JOM 74 (9), 3329-3333 , 2022 2022 Citations: 10
Vikas Dubey1, Neha Dubey2, Praveen Kumar Yadaw3, N. Kumar Swamy3 R Chandrakar, V Tapas Rare-Earth-Activated Phosphors: Chemistry and Applications, 283 , 2022 2022
A Review on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced PLA Composites A Kumar Sinha, K Raja Rao, V Kumar Soni, R Chandrakar, ... Current Materials Science , 2022 2022
Mechanoluminescence behavior of rare-earth-activated phosphors V Dubey, N Dubey, PK Yadaw, NK Swamy, R Chandrakar, V Tapas Rare-Earth-Activated Phosphors, 283-319 , 2022 2022 Citations: 4
Analysis and Design of Solar Dryer for Forest Produce of Bastar Region in State of Chhattisgarh, India V Tapas, R Chandrakar, A Kumar, PS Sahu, HR Chandrakar, Y Vinod Research Anthology on Ecosystem Conservation and Preserving Biodiversity … , 2022 2022
Influence of refractory elements on mechanical properties of high entropy alloys AK Sinha, VK Soni, R Chandrakar, A Kumar Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 74 (12), 2953-2966 , 2021 2021 Citations: 23
Microstructural and mechanical properties of AlCoCrCuFeNiSix (x= 0.3 and 0.6) high entropy alloys synthesized by spark plasma sintering A Kumar, R Chandrakar, S Chandraker, KR Rao, M Chopkar Journal of Alloys and Compounds 856, 158193 , 2021 2021 Citations: 23
Microstructural and mechanical properties of AlCoCrCuFeNiSix (x= 0 and 0.9) high entropy alloys R Chandrakar, A Kumar, S Chandraker, KR Rao, M Chopkar Vacuum 184, 109943 , 2021 2021 Citations: 35
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Overview of green supply chain management: operation and environmental impact at different stages of the supply chain R Kumar, R Chandrakar International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 1 (3), 1-6 , 2012 2012 Citations: 185
Microstructural and mechanical properties of AlCoCrCuFeNiSix (x= 0 and 0.9) high entropy alloys R Chandrakar, A Kumar, S Chandraker, KR Rao, M Chopkar Vacuum 184, 109943 , 2021 2021 Citations: 35
Computational modeling of blast furnace cooling stave based on heat transfer analysis A Kumar, SN Bansal, R Chandraker Materials Physics and Mechanics 15 (1), 46-65 , 2012 2012 Citations: 25
Processing of 5083 aluminum alloy reinforced with alumina through microwave sintering J Verma, A Kumar, R Chandrakar, R Kumar Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 11 (11 … , 2012 2012 Citations: 25
Laser cladding technology for high entropy alloys: effect and applications O Prakash, R Chandrakar, J Verma, A kumar, A Jaiswal Materials Research Express 11 (9), 096510 , 2024 2024 Citations: 23
Influence of refractory elements on mechanical properties of high entropy alloys AK Sinha, VK Soni, R Chandrakar, A Kumar Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 74 (12), 2953-2966 , 2021 2021 Citations: 23
Microstructural and mechanical properties of AlCoCrCuFeNiSix (x= 0.3 and 0.6) high entropy alloys synthesized by spark plasma sintering A Kumar, R Chandrakar, S Chandraker, KR Rao, M Chopkar Journal of Alloys and Compounds 856, 158193 , 2021 2021 Citations: 23
Nano-crystalline high entropy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying A Kumar, A Arora, R Chandrakar, KR Rao, M Chopkar Materials Today: Proceedings 27, 1310-1314 , 2020 2020 Citations: 19
Effect of Tb3+ ion concentration on photoluminescence and thermoluminescence studies of Y4Al2O9 phosphor V Dubey, RK Tamarkar, R Chandrakar, V Singh Optik 226, 165926 , 2021 2021 Citations: 18
Evaluation and Measurement of Performance of GSCM in Chhattisgarh Manufacturing Industries (INDIA) R Chandraker, R Kumar 2013 Citations: 17
An Approach to optimize ANN Meta model with Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm for multi-disciplinary shape optimization RK Rathore, A Sarda, R Chandrakar 2012 Citations: 15
TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION AS OPTIMISED MODEL FOR SUPPLIER SELECTION AND EVALUATION R Kumar, R Chandrakar, A Kumar, Chandrakar Haldhar ram International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology 3 (I), 268-270 , 2012 2012 Citations: 12
High-entropy alloys: processing, alloying element, microstructure, and properties A Kumar, R Chandrakar, V Dubey, M Michalska-Domańska Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
Phase Evolution of Novel MoNbSiTiW Refractory High-Entropy Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying: Prakash, R. Chandrakar, S. Chandraker, Rao, R. Kumar, A. Kumar, and Dubey O Prakash, R Chandrakar, S Chandraker, KR Rao, R Kumar, A Kumar, ... JOM 74 (9), 3329-3333 , 2022 2022 Citations: 10
Effect of silicon addition on alcocrfeni high entropy alloys prepared by vacuum arc melting A Kumar, A Arora, R Chandrake, KR Rao, M Chopkar AIP Conference Proceedings 2247 (1), 050012 , 2020 2020 Citations: 10
A hybrid of QFD and AHP-TOPSIS for Durg dumping waste projects R Chandrakar, S Limje Journal of Project Management 3 (3), 143-150 , 2018 2018 Citations: 9
HOT CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF NICKEL CHROMIUM COATING AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES (800 o C AND 900 o C) ON SA213 T91 BOILER STEEL WELDMENTS R Chandraker, A Kumar, R Kumar Materials Physics and Mechanics 14 (1), 11-30 , 2012 2012 Citations: 9
A review on mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced PLA composites AK Sinha, KR Rao, VK Soni, R Chandrakar, HK Sharma, A Kumar Current Materials Science: Formerly: Recent Patents on Materials Science 16 … , 2023 2023 Citations: 8
Analysis of GSCM Practices factors and sub factors for implementation of GSCM in manufacturing industries R Chandraker, R Kumar, A Tiwari International Conference on metallurgical and mechanical Engineering , 2013 2013 Citations: 8
Performance measurement of supply chain flexibility using witness R Chandrakar, A Kumar, R Kumar, R Joy Management Science Letters 2 (7), 2581-2590 , 2012 2012 Citations: 7