Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE): An Updated Narrative Review on its Epidemiology, Resistance Mechanisms, and Emerging Treatment Strategies Sourav Ghosh, Shelly Singh, Priya Kaushik Anti Infective Agents, 2026 Background: Patients with indwelling medical devices and those with impaired immune systems are the primary targets of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), a common infection linked to healthcare. Its gram-positive nature and ability to develop biofilms make it the causative agent of more than 30% of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) infections. Objective: This narrative review provides an overview of the epidemiology, mechanisms of resistance, clinical significance, and emerging treatment strategies for MRSE, with a particular focus on recent advancements in infection prevention and control. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review of literature published between 2010 and 2024 was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. MeSH terms and free text keywords that would be relevant to the study have been used accordingly to identify studies of MRSE epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, infection control, and therapeutic interventions. Results: With outbreaks connected to clonal complexes CC5 and CC8, the incidence of MRSE has risen by about 25% in North America and Europe and by 35% in Asia over the last ten years. Incident rates are close to 40% among high-risk groups, especially those receiving immunosuppressive treatment or extended hospital stays. Methicillin resistance is caused by the mecA gene, which makes treatment more difficult. Dalbavancin and oritavancin are two examples of novel antimicrobials that have demonstrated clinical efficacy, lowering infection rates by as much as 20%. In high-risk environments, the use of improved infection control techniques has reduced transmission by about 15%. Antimicrobial peptides and bacteriophage-based treatments are two promising research directions. Conclusion: Infection control in hospital settings is severely hampered by the increasing frequency and antibiotic resistance of MRSE. To lessen its clinical impact and enhance therapeutic results, more research and the application of strong infection control procedures are necessary.
Accessing the Differential Suitability of Ganga River Water for Drinking, Irrigation, and Industrial Use: A First-Time Report Based on Index Analysis and Unsupervised Machine Learning, Highlighting the Need for Region-Specific Water Management Approaches Acharya Balkrishna, Sourav Ghosh, Vedpriya Arya, Divya Joshi, Shelly Singh, Kumud Kannojia, Adity Saxena, Aswani Nagose, Sanyam Taneja, Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal ACS Es and T Water, 2025 One-third of India’s population depends on the Ganga River (also known as Ganges), facing progressive degradation due to industrial effluents, rapid urbanization, and agricultural runoff. From Gaumukh (a glacier) to Gangasagar (a delta), this study offers a spatial assessment of the suitability of Ganga water quality for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use across 26 sites. Sector-specific suitability was measured using the Langelier saturation index (LSI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI). Between the Upper Ganga Stretch (UGS) and the Lower Ganga Stretch (LGS), the quality of Ganga water decreased, with only 15% meeting safe drinking standards, 38.5% being moderately suitable, and 46.2% being unsuitable as per NSFWQI values. While 38% of total water samples were found only moderately suitable for irrigation purpose as per SAR values. Risks to industrial operations (LSI values) were identified that 30.8% of the sites were severely corrosive, while 69.2% of the sites were slightly corrosive. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering (HC) further defined distinct usability zones and key pollution drivers, underscoring the need for spatially adaptive and sector-specific water management strategies.
Impact assessment of integrated-pathy on cancer-related fatigue in cancer patients: an observational study Acharya Balkrishna, Prashant Katiyar, Sourav Ghosh, Sumit Kumar Singh, Vedpriya Arya Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, 2024 Background Integrated-pathy aims to integrate modern medicine with traditional systems via applying the holistic approach of Ayurveda, Yoga, and natural medicine. This is important for addressing the challenges surrounding the delivery of long-term palliative care for chronic ailments including cancer. The prime intent of this study was to substantiate the underlying hypothesis behind the differential and integrative approach having a positive impact on Quality of Life of cancer patients. Study design Cross-sectional Observational study. Methods A standardized questionnaire was developed and used, after obtaining written informed consent from patients to assess the impact of Integrated-pathy on patients (n = 103) diagnosed with cancer receiving care at Patanjali Yoggram. The research was carried out over 8 months. All participants received a uniform treatment protocol as prescribed by Patanjali. For the sample size determination and validation, α and 1-β was calculated and for the significance of the pre- and post-treatment QoL ratings, Shapiro wilk test and other descriptive statistics techniques were explored. Results A total of 103 patients seeking cancer special-healthcare were interviewed, out of which 39 (37.86%) remained finally based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria with age (25–65 years), types of cancers (Carcinoma and Sarcoma), chemotherapy/radiotherapy received or not, before opting Integrated-pathy. Follow-ups revealed a significant increase in the QoL (17.91%) after receiving the integrated therapy over a course of at least 1 month. Further, a significant reduction in cancer-related pain followed by an increase in QoL index was reported in the patients. Shapiro–wilk test revealed significant pairing (p < 0.001) with validation of the model using test. Conclusions To bolster evidence-based backing for Integrated-pathy, there is a need for clearly delineated clinical indicators that are measurable and trackable over time. Clinical investigators are encouraged to incorporate Integrated-pathy into their proposed interventions and conduct analogous studies to yield sustained advantages in the long run.
Harnessing the Power of Rhizosphere Bacteria for Pollution Remediation: Strategies, Mechanisms, and Environmental Impact: A review A. Balkrishna, P. Kaushik, Mohini, V. Arya, S. Ghosh Ceylon Journal of Science, 2024 This review explores into the sizeable potential of rhizosphere bacteria as effective mediators in the pollution remediation. These rhizosphere bacteria are primarily found in the soil surrounding plant roots, and they have an extremely strong ability to remove a wide range of toxins from the environment. This is attuned with the idea of phytoremediation, which is the use of plants to clean adulterated soil or water. In addition to vigorous participation in bioremediation processes, their diverse activities include stimulating plant growth and serving as biocontrol agents against plant diseases. Their ability to gather, change, and restrain pollutants is one of their main advantages, especially when used in combination with phytoremediation techniques. To fully utilize these microorganisms, it is essential to understand the various bacterial strains and their complex biological pathways that influence their behavior. The diversity and richness of rhizosphere bacterial populations, significantly affected by different plant species and environmental factors, is a crucial area that requires further study. Grasping this heterogeneity is essential for adapting phytoremediation strategies to particular contamination situations and exploiting their effectiveness. Rhizosphere microorganisms present a feasible path towards a more supportable and clean future. This might potentially make a big contribution to environmental restoration efforts in a world that is always changing.
An analytical review on the integrated management of river resources through Namami Gange Acharya Balkrishna, Sumit Kumar Singh, Sourav Ghosh, Srimoyee Banerjee, Sonam Verma, Vedpriya Arya Water Policy, 2024 The Ganga basin is witnessing accelerated deterioration of agricultural fields, with severe soil erosion leading to nutrients leaching into the river, wreaking havoc on the river's ecosystems. Many Ganga River management plans have been implemented in the past, but a more coordinated and integrated effort that tries to implement basin management strategies with technology preparedness considered critical for the preservation of agricultural regions had been lacking. The Namami Gange Program (NGP) is a first of its kind integrated conservation mission pillared on sustainable water management policies and practices, launched in 2014. Unfortunately, scientific literature on its overall functioning and progress is almost non-existent. This review presents its overall functioning, critically analyses its associated components, and presents case studies, pilot studies, along with analytical critiques. An objective analytical evaluation of the NGP has been provided concluding with sectoral interventions. We have concluded that the ambitions for boosting energy production, irrigation, manufacturing, and expanding the river as an inland waterway interfere with the Ganga cleanup because they are both part of the growth strategy pushed by the administration.
An Application of Yagna Pathy: A Spiritual, Cost-Effective, Indigenous Low-Intensity Psychological Intervention to Manage Common Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study in India Acharya Balkrishna, Anuradha Gupta, Sourav Ghosh, Vedpriya Arya Journal of Evidence Based Integrative Medicine, 2024 Elements of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) like stress, depression and anxiety are significant contributors to the global burden of disease. Even though they affect people at all socioeconomic levels, most of those in the low-income and middle-income populations lack access to efficient psychological and pharmaceutical interventions. One potential solution to this issue is the application of indigenous low-intensity psychological interventions like Yagna Pathy. The current cross sectional pilot study includes a total of 426 heterogenous group of people suffering from Stress, Anxiety and Depression (both in normal and diseased range) received Yagna pathy for 30 days. The severity of the stress, anxiety and depression was evaluated using a validated depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) score questionnaire. A significant association (chi square, p < 0.001) was found between the mental healing with gender and activity status of the participants. Strong inter-correlation (R2 > 0.7; p < 0.001) among features of stress, anxiety and depression also proved the manifoldness of the CMD. Improvements in DAS scores demonstrate the effectiveness of a well-directed Yagna practice maintained for a predetermined amount of time in managing stress, anxiety, and depression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of the responses was also found to be “ excellent”. Therefore, the study showcased that indigenous practices like Yagna Pathy could effectively minimize the severity of CMD. This approach is non-medicated, non-invasive, and cost-effective, making it a practicable therapy for global implementation.
Reuse of Sewage Sludge as Organic Agricultural Products: An Efficient Technology-Based Initiative Acharya Balkrishna, Srimoyee Banerjee, Sourav Ghosh, Divya Chauhan, Ilika Kaushik, Vedpriya Arya, Sumit Kumar Singh Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2024 Rapid urbanisation has led to a dramatic increase in sewage sludge production. There are limited methods of managing sewage sludge along with high energy and monetary investment. A cost-effective, environment-friendly, and sustainable solution needs to be developed for the management of sewage sludge. In the current study, sludge from the Jagjeetpur sewage treatment plant (STP) had been collected, composted, and characterized during January and February 2022. A comparison of STP sludge compost and compost made from farmyard manure showed the presence of essential agricultural nutrients in them, due to which they find application for plant growth. Two products, Jaivik Poshak and Jaivik Prom, containing farmyard compost, were compared with the amended version of the same, containing compost from STP sludge instead of normal compost. The results showed that the modified Jaivik Poshak was the best for maintaining pH and increasing electrical conductivity. The available nitrogen in the soil upon its application increased by 1.6 times (p<0.001) with respect to control, and it brought about 100% tomato seed germination within sixteen days. The above finding has been validated by goodness of fit value, factor analysis, and hierarchical analysis. The product, modified Jaivik Prom increased organic carbon content and brought about 5.81 and 8 times the enhancement in available phosphorous (p<0.001) and potassium (p<0.001) content in soil, respectively, with respect to the control set. The heavy metal content in the soil as a result of all types of treatment was within the permissible limit. This study thus proves that sludge from STP may be used for agricultural uses after proper fortification and testing to convert waste to wealth along with environmental sustenance.
