The thrust area of research involves identification of susceptibility markers related to HPV infection and cervical carcinogenesis, development of magnetic fluid based hyperthermia for cancer treatment, and in-vitro identification of ionic-liquid based novel anti-cancer compounds. His research has been supported by grants from DST-SERB, DST-GUJCOST, and CHARUSAT. In 2014, our laboratory participated in the WHO Global HPV LabNet HPV DNA Genotyping Proficiency Panel that made CHARUSAT the first organization in Gujarat and one of the three in India to be a part of international HPV proficiency study.
Multiple sessions magnetic fluid hyperthermia: a requisite for apoptosis in prostate cancer cells LNCaP Uma Iyer, Hima Patel, Kinnari Parekh, Neeraj Jain Biomedical Materials Bristol, 2026 Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is emerging as a promising cancer therapeutic modality due to its minimal side effects and targeted approach. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of temperature-sensitive biocompatible MF containing citric acid-coated Mn 0.9 Zn 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles, along with in vitro investigations on the prostate cancer cells LNCaP, to demonstrate the potential of these nanoparticles as a hyperthermic agent for MFH. The biocompatibility of MF was assessed using the MTT assay, which demonstrated no cytotoxic effects at concentrations up to 3 mg ml −1 . Furthermore, rapid internalization of nanoparticles into LNCaP prostate cancer cells was observed within 10 min, as determined by a Prussian blue assay and quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Upon exposure to an alternating magnetic field of 10 kA m −1 and 332 kHz frequency, the nanoparticles achieved the therapeutic temperature of 42 °C within 27 min, while sustaining a hyperthermic range of 42 °C–45 °C for one hour. Notably, three MFH treatment sessions were identified as requisite for the elimination of LNCaP cells. Apoptosis was detected using Hoechst-Propidium iodide (PI) staining and further quantified by Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry. These findings underscore the potential of citric acid-coated Mn–Zn ferrite nanoparticles as effective biocompatible agents for MFH-based cancer therapy, warranting further detailed investigations to elucidate their therapeutic efficacy.
Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia-Induced Apoptosis: Evaluating the Effect of Ho-Doped Mn–Zn Magnetic Nanoparticles on Cervical, Breast, and Bone Cancer Cells in Vitro Krina Shah, Hima Patel, Tushar Patel, Kinnari Parekh, Neeraj Jain ACS Omega, 2025 Doping rare-earth metals is known to enhance the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles and, consequently, improve magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), which is emerging as a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy with expected minimal side effects. In this study, the synthesis of holmium (Ho)-doped temperature-sensitive Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles using the chemical coprecipitation method is reported. The biocompatibility and intracellular uptake of the synthesized fluid were investigated by using MTT assay- and Prussian blue staining across a variety of cancer cell lines, including cervical (HeLa), breast (MCF-7), and bone (MG-63). Moreover, following MFH, apoptotic cell death was confirmed using Hoechst/PI staining and quantified through flow cytometry after Annexin-V labeling. The expression of selected apoptotic proteins was demonstrated by western blotting. The cells demonstrated the biocompatibility and fair internalization of the magnetic fluid at concentrations sufficient for MFH. Combined intra- and extracellular MFH studies revealed the effective induction of apoptosis in these cells. The findings highlight the potential of Ho-doped Mn-Zn magnetic fluid for cancer therapeutics through MFH.
Apoptosis-Inducing Effect of Cytocompatible Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Coated Temperature-Sensitive Mn0.9Zn0.1Fe2O4Magnetic Fluid on Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7 Tushar Patel, Kinnari Parekh, Neeraj Jain ACS Applied Bio Materials, 2025 Cancer remains a challenging disease to treat due to the limitations of conventional therapies, including toxicity to healthy cells and drug resistance. This underscores the need for alternative treatment modalities to target tumors more effectively while minimizing side effects. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as promising agents in the realm of cancer therapy, particularly through magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), which employs MNPs to generate localized heat in tumor tissues using an alternating magnetic field (AMF), while sparing healthy cells. This present study focused on the synthesis of self-regulating, temperature-controlled, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-coated manganese-zinc ferrite nanoparticle-based magnetic fluid (MF) to enhance the biocompatibility of MF and its therapeutic efficacy. The biocompatibility and cellular uptake of the synthesized MF were investigated by using the MTT assay and Prussian blue staining. Quantitative assessment of the internalization of MNPs was carried out using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study further analyzed the immediate and 24 h delayed cytotoxic effects of MFH on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and noncancerous murine fibroblasts (McCoy). The mode of cell death induced immediately and after 24 h post-MFH was examined using Hoechst/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Both MCF-7 and McCoy cells exhibited favorable biocompatibility and substantial internalization of MF, with a significant induction of apoptosis after MFH. A 24 h incubation period post-MFH enabled cells to transition from early- to late-stage apoptosis in both cell lines, resulting in nearly complete cell death. This research establishes a foundational framework for investigating the application of PAA-coated biocompatible MNPs, with the goal of further exploring their use in breast cancer spheroids and/or in vivo animal models to develop MFH-based cancer treatment strategies.
Enhanced Hyperthermic Response of Dextrose-Coated Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Nanorings Containing Magnetic Fluid and Its Cytotoxicity and Uptake in HeLa Cells Hima H. Patel, Tushar Patel, Neeraj Jain, Kinnari H. Parekh ACS Applied Bio Materials, 2025 The present work explores the application of a temperature-sensitive magnetic fluid designed for magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). The nanorings composed of Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 are an alternative to the traditional superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles, since they present superior heating response as compared to even their nanoparticles synthesized using different methods. In addition, the present work demonstrates that the synthesized nanoring has a 155.3 W/gmag heating response for the smallest concentration of 1 mg/mL at a frequency of 332 kHz and a field of 10 kA/m. Thereby, we demonstrate an efficient magnetic hyperthermia strategy in which small but well-stable nanorings can promote an efficient hyperthermic response. The cytotoxicity of the nanorings is observed very low in HeLa cells, while its efficient cellular internalization makes it a promising candidate for the MFH. Upon exposure to MFH treatment on HeLa cells containing these A55-Ring, 55% cells died in a single session of hyperthermia treatment. These findings suggest a promising potential of utilizing Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite nanorings for advancing the MFH study.
Evaluating the Immunomodulatory and Detoxifying role of Tinospora cordifolia and Solanum nigrum in the treatment of Colorectal Cancer Alkeshkumar Patel, Hemangini Vora, Neeraj Jain, Manish Nandpal, Sahil Panjvani, Samir Patel Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2024 Background: Colorectal Cancer may occur due to environmental pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrazines. These are indirect carcinogens and initiate carcinogenesis after their metabolic transformation within the body. This causes more than 0.94 million deaths every year. Methods: We investigated the prophylactic intervention of hydroalcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifoilia stems and aqueous extract Solanum nigrum leaves in 1, 2 dimethyl hydrazine induced colorectal cancer in Sprague Dawley rats. The chemopreventive potential was observed at low and high doses for 27- and 32-weeks duration. The chemopreventive potential of natural products was evaluated by estimating the change in body weight, diarrhoea, hematological parameters, change in cytokines level, cancer stem cells marker ALDH1,T lymphocyte subpopulation estimation by flow cytometry, confirmation of adenoma, adenocarcinoma and liver metastasis based on histology. Results: The high dose of the test drug showed a significant difference (p<0.05) compared to disease control groups animals with respect to blood and tissue-based parameters. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of herbal extract showed the presence of berberine, tinosporide, quercetin,ellagic acid and naringenin in natural products. Probable mechanisms involved downregulating mRNA of nuclear factor kappa B, matrix metalloproteinases-9, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 while promoting proapoptotic caspases, antioxidant capacity, interleukin-12. Conclusion: The high dose of the test drug has chemopreventive and detoxifying potential against carcinogen induced colorectal cancer in animal model.
Anticancer effect of magnetic fluid hyperthermia using poly(acrylic acid)-coated magnetic nanoparticles as evident by apoptosis of lung cancer cells A549 D Bhadla, P Hima, K Parekh, N Jain Journal of Thermal Biology 139, 1-13 , 2026 2026
Biodegradation of diclofenac and paracetamol using immobilized laccase on novel polyacrylamide alginate gel chips and chitosan beads for mitigation of micropollutants in … R Kachhadiya, D Prajapati, D Bhadla, N Jain, A Gupte World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 42 (161), 1-20 , 2026 2026
Redox active ferrocenyl appended pyridinediimine-ligated multifunctional cobalt(II) complexes: prospective compounds for spin-crossover and anticancer applications R Patel, U Iyer, N Jain, A Banerjee Inorganic Chemistry Communications 186, 1-15 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Multiple sessions magnetic fluid hyperthermia: a requisite for apoptosis in prostate cancer cells LNCaP U Iyer, H Patel, K Parekh, N Jain Biomedical Materials 21 (015014), 1-19 , 2026 2026
Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia-Induced Apoptosis: Evaluating the Effect of Ho-Doped Mn−Zn Magnetic Nanoparticles on Cervical, Breast, and Bone Cancer Cells in Vitro K Shah, H Patel, T Patel, K Parekh, N Jain ACS Omega , 2025 2025
Apoptosis-Inducing Effect of Cytocompatible Poly(Acrylic Acid)- Coated Temperature-Sensitive Mn0.9Zn0.1Fe2O4 Magnetic Fluid on Breast Cancer Cells MCF‑7 T Patel, K Parekh, N Jain ACS Applied Bio Materials, 1-14 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Enhanced Hyperthermic Response of Dextrose-Coated Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Nanorings Containing Magnetic Fluid and Its Cytotoxicity and Uptake in HeLa Cells H Patel, T Patel, N Jain, P Kinnari ACS Applied Bio Materials , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
A Review on the Mode of Cell Death Subsequent to Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment and Possible Prognostic Biomarker(s) Prediction U Iyer, K Parekh, N Jain BioNanoScience 15 (307), 1-14 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Multicellular tumor spheroids: A convenient in vitro model for translational cancer research T Patel, N Jain Life Sciences 358, 1-14 , 2024 2024 Citations: 29
Cytotoxic evaluation of pure and doped iron oxide nanoparticles on cancer cells: a magnetic fluid hyperthermia perspective D Bhadla, K Parekh, N Jain Nanotoxicology, 1-15 , 2024 2024 Citations: 8
Evaluating the Immunomodulatory and Detoxifying role of Tinospora cordifolia and Solanum nigrum in the treatment of Colorectal Cancer A Patel, H Vora, N Jain, M Nandpal, S Panjvani, S Patel Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 17 (5), 2155-3 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Cytotoxicity and uptake analysis of Mn-Zn ferrite-based temperature-sensitive ferrofluid on cervical and bone cancer cells K Shah, A Bhardwaj, D Bhadla, K Parekh, N Jain Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 589, 171534 , 2024 2024 Citations: 12
Toxicology of Superparamagnetic Materials K Parekh, N Jain Superparamagnetic Materials for Cancer Medicine, 199-217 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Investigating the resistance mechanism of 5‑fluorouracil in colorectal cancer based on surface markers of cancer stemness and cytokine level: A pre‑clinical study Samir G. Patel, Alkeshkumar Patel , Nupur Patel , Birva Raiya , Hemangini ... Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 1-9 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Optimization of magnetic fluid hyperthermia protocols for the elimination of breast cancer cells MCF7 using Mn-Zn ferrite ferrofluid A Bhardwaj, K Parekh, N Jain Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 34 (3), 11 , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
Phenotypic characterization and genome analysis reveal the probiotic potential of a banyan endophyte Bacillus velezensis K1 Riteshri Soni, Hareshkumar Keharia, Krina Shah, Neeraj Jain Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1-9 , 2022 2022 Citations: 3
In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Aromatase Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoids: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In silico ADME Prediction U Shah, S Patel, M Patel, N Jain, N Pandey, A Chauhan, A Patel, S Patel Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents) 22 (7), 1370-1385 , 2022 2022 Citations: 16
Influence of TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphisms and haplotypes on multiple hrHPV infections and HPV16 copy number in cervical cancer and cervicitis N Pandey, A Chauhan, N Raithatha, P Patel, R Khandelwal, A Desai, ... Microbial Pathogenesis 159, 105149 , 2021 2021 Citations: 22
A review of methods for detecting single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor gene family A Chauhan, N Pandey, N Jain Biomarkers in Medicine 15 (13), 1187-1198 , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
Investigating the effect of outer layer of magnetic particles on cervical cancer cells HeLa by magnetic fluid hyperthermia A Bhardwaj, N Jain, K Parekh Cancer Nanotechnology 12 (1), 1-19 , 2021 2021 Citations: 28
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Human papillomavirus type 16 variant analysis of E6, E7, and L1 genes and long control region in biopsy samples from cervical cancer patients in north India S Pande, N Jain, BK Prusty, S Bhambhani, S Gupta, R Sharma, S Batra, ... Journal of clinical microbiology 46 (3), 1060-1066 , 2008 2008 Citations: 173
Breast cancer and human papillomavirus infection: no evidence of HPV etiology of breast cancer in Indian women S Hedau, U Kumar, S Hussain, S Shukla, S Pande, N Jain, A Tyagi, ... BMC cancer 11 (1), 27 , 2011 2011 Citations: 122
Assessment of possible tuberculous lymphadenopathy by PCR compared to non-molecular methods R Pahwa, S Hedau, S Jain, N Jain, VM Arora, N Kumar, BC Das Journal of Medical Microbiology 54 (9), 873-878 , 2005 2005 Citations: 107
Novel germline mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 , BRCA2 and p53 gene in breast cancer patients from India S Hedau, N Jain, SA Husain, AK Mandal, G Ray, M Shahid, R Kant, ... Breast cancer research and treatment 88 (2), 177-186 , 2004 2004 Citations: 103
Polymorphism of the p53 codon 72 arg/pro and the risk of HPV type 16/18-associated cervical and oral cancer in India S Katiyar, BK Thelma, NS Murthy, S Hedau, N Jain, V Gopalkrishna, ... Molecular and cellular biochemistry 252 (1), 117-124 , 2003 2003 Citations: 98
p53 gene mutation and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in esophageal carcinoma from three different endemic geographic regions of India S Katiyar, S Hedau, N Jain, P Kar, MS Khuroo, J Mohanta, S Kumar, ... Cancer letters 218 (1), 69-79 , 2005 2005 Citations: 87
In vitro hyperthermic effect of magnetic fluid on cervical and breast cancer cells A Bhardwaj, K Parekh, N Jain Scientific Reports 10 (1), 13 , 2020 2020 Citations: 83
Infection of human papillomavirus type 18 and p53 codon 72 polymorphism in lung cancer patients from India N Jain, V Singh, S Hedau, S Kumar, MK Daga, R Dewan, NS Murthy, ... Chest 128 (6), 3999-4007 , 2005 2005 Citations: 78
Two new novel point mutations localized upstream and downstream of the HMG box region of the SRY gene in three Indian 46,XY females with sex reversal and … M Shahid, VS Dhillion, N Jain, S Hedau, S Diwakar, P Sachdeva, S Batra, ... MHR: Basic science of reproductive medicine 10 (7), 521-526 , 2004 2004 Citations: 76
Association of TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervical cancer susceptibility NO Pandey, AV Chauhan, NS Raithatha, PK Patel, R Khandelwal, ... Scientific Reports 9 (1), 9729 , 2019 2019 Citations: 64
TLR4 Polymorphisms and Expression in Solid Cancers N Pandey, A Chauhan, N Jain Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy, 1-20 , 2018 2018 Citations: 43
Coumarin–carbazole based functionalized pyrazolines: synthesis, characterization, anticancer investigation and molecular docking M Patel, N Pandey, J Timaniya, P Parikh, A Chauhan, N Jain, K Patel RSC Advances 11, 27627-27644 , 2021 2021 Citations: 38
Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervicitis susceptibility A Chauhan, N Pandey, A Desai, N Raithatha, P Patel, Y Choxi, R Kapadia, ... PloS one 14 (7), e0220330 , 2019 2019 Citations: 32
Multicellular tumor spheroids: A convenient in vitro model for translational cancer research T Patel, N Jain Life Sciences 358, 1-14 , 2024 2024 Citations: 29
Investigating the effect of outer layer of magnetic particles on cervical cancer cells HeLa by magnetic fluid hyperthermia A Bhardwaj, N Jain, K Parekh Cancer Nanotechnology 12 (1), 1-19 , 2021 2021 Citations: 28
Influence of TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphisms and haplotypes on multiple hrHPV infections and HPV16 copy number in cervical cancer and cervicitis N Pandey, A Chauhan, N Raithatha, P Patel, R Khandelwal, A Desai, ... Microbial Pathogenesis 159, 105149 , 2021 2021 Citations: 22
Preliminary In-Vitro Investigation of Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia In Cervical Cancer Cells K Parekh, A Bhardwaj, N Jain Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 497 (166057), 5 , 2020 2020 Citations: 20
In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Aromatase Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoids: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and In silico ADME Prediction U Shah, S Patel, M Patel, N Jain, N Pandey, A Chauhan, A Patel, S Patel Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents) 22 (7), 1370-1385 , 2022 2022 Citations: 16
Cytotoxicity and uptake analysis of Mn-Zn ferrite-based temperature-sensitive ferrofluid on cervical and bone cancer cells K Shah, A Bhardwaj, D Bhadla, K Parekh, N Jain Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 589, 171534 , 2024 2024 Citations: 12
Optimization of magnetic fluid hyperthermia protocols for the elimination of breast cancer cells MCF7 using Mn-Zn ferrite ferrofluid A Bhardwaj, K Parekh, N Jain Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 34 (3), 11 , 2023 2023 Citations: 10