Facile strategy toward the development of novel binder and thickening agent from apple rock bael for textile printing N. S. Elshemy, S. H. Nassar, Nancy S. Elhawary, Mona M. Ali Scientific Reports, 2025 This study focuses on isolating a natural binder and thickening agent derived from the Aegle marmelous fruit. The isolated natural gum can be effectively employed as a binder and thickening agent in fabric printing applications. The findings indicate that this natural gum has remarkable rheological characteristics, essential for achieving optimal printing results. Microwave irradiation techniques and thermal bonding, varying in duration, power, and temperature, were employed to fix the printed samples that utilized the isolated natural gum. The results demonstrated that printed textiles exhibited excellent color fastness, with samples treated via microwave fixation showing enhanced color saturation, as evidenced by higher K/S values. A thorough evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties was conducted, including assessments of color yield, uniformity, absorption, and fixing efficiency. The results indicate that both weight loss and water absorption tend to increase over time. The natural gum isolated from Aegle marmelous shows minimal loss and absorption, in contrast to commercial gum (Sodium alginate), which exhibits significantly higher levels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) highlights distinct differences in particle morphology between the two types of gum; the commercial variety presents spherical aggregates, while the isolated natural gum features elongated thread-like particles. Extended microwave exposure leads to enhanced color intensity, which is influenced by the fabric structure and type of gum used. The K/S value peaks at 70 watts and subsequently decreases at 90 watts for printed cotton and cotton/polyester blends, while printed wool achieves the best results at 50 watts for 60 s. Closed samples consistently show enhanced K/S values, irrespective of the microwave settings. Regarding thermo fixation, as fixation temperatures and duration increase, K/S values typically rise, except for printed cotton. The K/S values reached their maximum at 160 °C for 6 min for wool and polyester/cotton blends, whereas cotton peaked at 140 °C under the same conditions. The observed variations in color yield, penetration, and fixation percentages among the different fabrics are attributed to their unique chemical compositions and characteristics, as well as the effects of microwave irradiation. Furthermore, employing pulsed microwave irradiation helps regulate temperature and mitigate exothermic reactions, resulting in improved dye-fabric interactions and overall stability of the dyeing process. This thorough analysis highlights the potential of utilizing natural agents derived from Aegle marmelous in contemporary textile printing, supporting sustainable practices while upholding performance standards.
Employing ultrasonic waves to extract flax seed for textile printing and applying creative fashion designs Nagla Elshemy, Mona Ali, Reem Nofal Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 2025 Purpose The purpose of this study is to successfully apply ultrasonic waves for the quick extraction of flax seed gum from flaxseed hull or whole seed and compare it to the standard technique of extraction. Design/methodology/approach The effect of the heating source, extracted time, temperature and pH of extracted solution on the extraction was studied. The obtained gum is subsequently used for silk screen printing on cotton, linen and viscous fabrics. Rheological properties and viscosity of the printing paste were scrutinized in the current study to get a better insight into this important polysaccharide. The output of this effort aimed to specify the parameters of the processes for printing textiles to serve in women’s fashion clothes by applying innovated handmade combinations of Islamic art motives using a quick and affordable method. Seven designs are executed, and inspiring from them, seven fashion designs of ladies’ clothes were designed virtually by Clo 3D software. Findings The result recorded that the new gum has excellent printing properties. In addition, they have better rheological properties, viscosity, chromatic strength and fastness qualities, all of which could help them in commercial production. Research limitations/implications Flaxseed and three different fabric types (Cotton, Linen and Viscous) were used. Practical implications Synthesis of a new biodegradable thickener from a natural resource, namely, flaxseed, by applying new technology to save time, water and energy. Originality/value Synthesis of eco-friendly biodegradable thickener and used in textile printing alternative to the synthetic thickener.
New insights into the role of color extraction from (Aegle Marmelos leaf) using a non-traditional heating source Nancy Sobh, Nagla Elshemy, Sahar Nassar, Mona Ali Pigment and Resin Technology, 2025 Purpose Due to herbs and plants’ therapeutic properties and simplicity of availability in nature, humans have used them to treat a variety of maladies and diseases since ancient times. Later, as technology advanced, these plants and herbs gained significant relevance in some industries due to their suitable chemical composition, abundant availability and ease of access. Aegle marmelos is a species of plant that may be found in nature. Yet, little or very little literature was located on the coloration behavior of this plant’s leaves. This study aims to focus on the effect of different parameters on the extraction of colorant from Aegle marmelos leaves. Design/methodology/approach Some factors that affected on the extraction processes were examined and found to have significant impacts on the textile dyeing such as the initial dye concentration, extracted temperature, extracted bath pH and extracted time were all changed to see how they affected color extraction. The authors report a direct comparison between three heating methods, namely, microwave irradiation (MWI), ultrasonic waves (USW) and conventional heating (CH). The two kinetic models have been designed (pseudo-first and pseudo-second orders) in the context of these experiments to investigate the mechanism of the dyeing processes for fabrics under study. Also, the experimental data were analyzed according to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Findings From the result, it was discovered these characteristics were found to have a substantial effect on extraction efficiency. Temperature 90°C and 80°C when using CH and USW, respectively, while at 90% watt when using MWI, period 120 min when using CH as well as USW waves, while 40 min when using MWI, and pH 4, 5 and 10 for polyamide, wool and cotton, respectively, were the optimal extraction conditions. Also, the authors can say that wool gives a higher absorption than the other fabric. Additionally, MWI provided the best color strength (K/S) value, and homogeneity, at low temperatures reducing the energy and time consumed. The coloring follows the order: MWI > USW > CH. The adsorption isotherm of wool could be well fitted by Freundlich isotherm when applying CH and USW as a heating source, while it is well fitted by the Langmuir equation in the case of MWI. In the study, it was observed that the pseudo-first-order kinetic model fits better the experimental results of CH with a constant rate K1 = −0.000171417 mg/g.min, while the pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits better the experimental results of absorption of both MWI (K2 = 38.14022572 mg/g.min) and USW (K2 = 12.45343554 mg/g.min). Research limitations/implications There is no research limitation for this work. Dye was extracted from Aegle marmelos leaves by applying three different heating sources (MWI, ultrasonic waves [USWW] and CH). Practical implications This work has practical applications for the textile industry. It is concluded that using Aegle marmelose leaves can be a possible alternative to extract dye from natural resource by applying new technology to save energy and time and can make the process greener. Social implications Socially, it has a good impact on the ecosystem and global community because the extracted dye does not contain any carcinogenic materials. Originality/value The work is original and contains value-added products for the textile industry and other confederate fields.
Enhancing Cotton Dyeing with Acid Dye Using Gum Isolated from Apple Rock Baels Optimized by Response Surface Methodology N. S. Elshemy, M. Rekaby, Mona M. Ali Fibers and Polymers, 2025 This study aims to treat cotton fabric with gum isolated from Apple Rock Bael (ARB) by applying a new technology method named microwave irradiation (MW) and ultrasonic wave (US) to simplify its dyeing process with acid dye and enhance its properties. Additionally, this study thoroughly discussed the role of the response surface methodology in optimizing diffusion capacity. Reasonably large levels of performance fabric properties are obtained using Minitab® statistical software. The response surface methodology (RSM) facilitated treatment and curing optimization, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, and XRD. The SEM revealed the treated material on the treated cotton fabric surface. The treatment conditions were optimized by applying different gum concentrations at different temperatures for various time under MW irradiation and US waves. The K/S and fastness properties were evaluated of acid-dyed-treated cotton fabric. Under optimal treatment conditions, we investigated the effects of treated cotton fabrics on their biological, chemical, and mechanical properties. The current study revealed that using natural gum isolated from ARB as a finishing agent offers a sustainable solution and aligns with the growing demand for eco-friendly textile processing methods. The finding illustrates that the maximum predicted value of K/S for MW was 13.90, while the data optimum condition was 4 g at 100 °C for 30 min for the US wave the maximum predicted value of K/S was 9.15, change in isolated gum concentration, treated time, and treated temperature have a highly significant effect on the K/S according to the results (p values are 0.00045, 0.00079, and 0.000242, respectively) when using MW irradiation. In contrast, time and temperature (US) have insignificant effects on K/S results; p values are 0.0245 and 0.0140 when applying US. The optimum data of curing condition were at 75 watts for 100 s when using MW, and at 90 watts for 120 s when applying US wave. Under this condition, the maximum predicted value of K/S for coloring of curing-treated cotton fabric was 15.0609 and 12.907 when applying MW irradiation and US waves, respectively. FTIR and SEM were also investigated. This approach could potentially reduce the environmental impact of textile manufacturing while maintaining or even enhancing the quality of the finished products. Furthermore, the successful application of this bio-waste material in fabric treatment could inspire further research into other underutilized natural resources for textile applications.
Using nano clay and graphite as low-cost, sustainable adsorbents to remove dye toxins from waste water Nagla Elshemy, Hamada Mashaly, Shimaa Elhadad Pigment and Resin Technology, 2024 Purpose This study aims to observe the coloring efficacy of graphite (G) and nano bentonite clay (BCNPs) on the adsorption of Basic Blue 5 dye from residual dye bath solution. Design/methodology/approach Some factors that affected the adsorption processes were examined and found to have significant impacts on the adsorption capacity such as the initial concentration of G and/or BCNPs (Co: 40–2,320 mg/L), adsorbent bath pH (4–9), shaking time (30–150 min.) and initial dye concentration (40–200 mg/L). The adsorption mechanism of dye by using G and/or BCNPs was studied using two different models (first-pseudo order and second-pseudo order diffusion models). The equilibrium adsorption data for the dye understudy was analyzed by using four different models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin modle and Dubinin–Radushkevich) models. Findings It has been found that the adsorption kinetics follow rather a pseudo-first-order kinetic model with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99117 for G and 0.98665 for BCNPs. The results indicate that the Freundlich model provides the best correlation for G with capacities q_max = 2.33116535 mg/g and R2 = 0.99588, while the Langmuir model provides the best correlation for BCNPs with R2 = 0.99074. The adsorbent elaborated from BCNPs was found to be efficient and suitable for removing basic dyes rather than G from aqueous solutions due to its availability, good adsorption capability, as well as low-cost preparation. Research limitations/implications There is no research limitation for this work. Basic Blue 5 dye graphite (G) and nano bentonite clay (BCNPs) were used. Practical implications This work has practical applications for the textile industry. It is concluded that using graphite and nano bentonite clay can be a possible alternative to adsorb residual dye from dye bath solution and can make the process greener. Social implications Socially, it has a good impact on the ecosystem and global community because the residual dye does not contain any carcinogenic materials. Originality/value The work is original and contains value-added products for the textile industry and other confederate fields.
Efficient one pot synthesis of Tio2-induced nanoparticles via microwave irradiation and its application in cotton dyeing with some acid dyes International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 2016
Novel synthesis of nano-emulsion butyl methacrylate/acrylic acid via micro-emulsion polymerization and ultrasonic waves Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, 2016
Physical modification of lyocell® and modal® fabrics and its effect on fabric dyeability Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2010
Synthesis of eco-friendly binders from natural resources using microwave and their applications in textile printing Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2010
Deodorant properties of cotton and cotton/wool blend dyed with reactive dye using microwave irradiation or conventional technique Journal of the Textile Association, 2010
Dyeing polyester with microwave heating using disperse dyestuffs American Dyestuff Reporter, 1995
