Metals and Alloys, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Multidisciplinary, General Materials Science
32
Scopus Publications
1721
Scholar Citations
17
Scholar h-index
23
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
An Ab Initio Investigation into Dislocation Core Structures and Yield Strength Anomalies in L12 Intermetallics Benjamin Zelin, Yilun Gong, Jonathan Yates, Roger Reed Acta Materialia, 2026 Yield strength anomalies (YSAs) in L1 2 intermetallics are commonly interpreted using the Paidar–Pope–Vitek (PPV) model, which attributes the anomaly to an elasticity-based description of the screw dislocation core structure during cross-slip. However, this picture remains incomplete, as predicted cross-slip driving forces and energy barriers do not consistently rationalise trends across chemistries. Here, we present a first-principles investigation of screw dislocation core structures in ten L1 2 compounds with varying temperature-dependent yield strengths. Ground-state and quasistatic finite-temperature γ -surfaces are incorporated into semi-discrete variational Peierls–Nabarro simulations to obtain core structures on the primary { 111 } glide plane prior to cross-slip. The local stabilities of the complex intrinsic stacking fault (CISF) and antiphase boundary (APB) govern both core structure and anomaly strength. Unstable CISFs and low APB stabilities yield compact, overlapping superpartial cores and strong anomalies, whereas stable faults promote fully dissociated fourfold cores and weaker anomalies. Temperature reduces planar fault energies and may facilitate cross-slip through core modification. Analysis of antisite energetics, charge redistribution, and magnetic effects indicates that unfavourable B–B bonding dominates CISF energetics, with secondary electronic and magnetic contributions. These results establish a direct link between γ -surface topology, dislocation core structure, and anomalous yielding in L1 2 intermetallics.
Quantum and Hybrid Machine-Learning Models for Materials-Science Tasks Leyang Wang, Yilun Gong, Zongrui Pei Advanced Quantum Technologies, 2026 Quantum computing has become increasingly practical in solving real‐world problems due to advances in hardware and algorithms. In this paper, we aim to design, apply, and evaluate quantum machine learning and hybrid quantum‐classical models in a few practical materials science tasks, i.e., predicting stacking fault energies and solutes that can ductilize magnesium. To this end, we adopt two different representative quantum algorithms, i.e., quantum support vector machines (QSVM) and quantum neural networks (QNN), and adjust them to our application scenarios. We systematically test the performance with respect to the hyperparameters of selected ansatzes. Eventually, we construct quantum models with optimized parameters for regression and classification that predict targeted solutes based on the elemental volumes, electronegativities, and bulk moduli of chemical elements. We identify a few combinations of hyperparameters that yield validation scores of approximately 90% for QSVM and hybrid QNN in both tasks.
Role of oxygen in phase stability and mechanical behavior of the bcc HfNbTaTiZr high-entropy alloy during aging Yujun Zhao, Maik Rajkowski, Yilun Gong, Stephan Laube, Loïc Perrière, Alexander Kauffmann, Jean-Philippe Couzinié, Guillaume Laplanche, Tong Li Acta Materialia, 2025 The present work aims to explore how oxygen impacts the phase stability and mechanical behavior of the initially single-phase, body-centered cubic (bcc) HfNbTaTiZr high-entropy alloy. For this purpose, transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography were employed to investigate the structural and compositional evolution in two alloys: HfNbTaTiZr and HfNbTaTiZr-3O (3 at.% oxygen) during aging at 500°C up to 1000 h under an Ar atmosphere. Tensile tests and micro-mechanical tests were performed to study the mechanical properties. In the early stages of decomposition of the bcc parent phase in HfNbTaTiZr, Zr-Hf-rich channel-like body-centered tetragonal (bct) features with a thickness of ∼2.7 nm form along <001> bcc directions, likely driven by lattice relaxations of the bcc solid solution. Meanwhile, a Zr-Hf-rich hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase of ∼3.6 nm in size forms at the nodes of the bct channels, near which a ∼11.1 nm Ti-rich ω phase is present. As aging proceeds, the ω phase dissolves and the bct phase structurally transforms into a distorted hexagonal phase. Similar phases and microstructural features were also observed in HfNbTaTiZr-3O with finer bct channels of ∼2.1 nm in width, where the bct-to-hcp transformation is hindered due to the stabilized bct channels by oxygen. After longer aging heat treatments, the ω phase persists accompanied by oxygen partitioning from the hcp phase. The microstructures comprised of nanometer-sized bct channels, ω, and hcp phases increase the strength of grain interiors, which can be used to improve the mechanical properties of HfNbTaTiZr in future research.
Exceptional high-temperature corrosion resistance of multi-component alloys via modulating Al and Nb Hao Shi, Xukai Zhang, Chang Liu, Xing Gong, Yue Li, Raheleh Azmi, Yilun Gong, Dirk Ponge, Alfons Weisenburger, Georg Müller Corrosion Science, 2025 The chemical compatibility of metallic materials with thermal transfer/storage media, which often involves aggressive working conditions (i.e., high-temperature, corrosive environments), challenges the safe operations of advanced and sustainable energy-related infrastructures. Here, we report the corrosion-oxidation behaviors of three multi-component alloys (MCAs) when exposed to a corrosive heavy-liquid metal condition ( i.e. , molten Pb at 650 ℃ with 10 −6 wt% oxygen dissolved). The two compositions, Al 0.36 Cr 0.67 FeNi 0.98 (HAl11) and Al 0.27 Cr 0.71 FeNi 1.16 Nb 0.17 (HAl8 Nb ), show excellent corrosion-resistance via passivating a protective oxide scale on the alloy surface. Further characterizations of the oxide layers differentiate their corrosion-oxidation mechanisms: a protective Al 2 O 3 oxide layer (with Cr and Fe segregation outmost) formed on HAl11 and a duplex oxide layer (outward growth of FeCr 2 O 4 /Cr 2 O 3 layer plus inward growth of an Al 2 O 3 layer) with internal oxidation on HAl8 Nb . Adding Nb improved the corrosion-oxidation resistance (“Nb-doping effect”) by enhancing the outward diffusion of metallic elements and promoting the rapid establishment of an alumina scale. Besides, the presence of AlNbO 4 , which was predicted by thermodynamics calculation, lying between the spinel and Al 2 O 3 formation, was also confirmed by experimental observations. Our findings advance the mechanistic understanding of MCAs’ performances in extreme conditions and provide novel strategies for designing corrosion-resistant alloys targeting aggressive application environments. • Corrosion behaviors of three multi-component alloys (MCAs) in oxygen-containing molten Pb at 650 °C were investigated. • Two compositions Al 0.36 Cr 0.67 FeNi 0.98 and Al 0.27 Cr 0.71 FeNi 1.16 Nb 0.17 show excellent corrosion-resistance. • The oxide layer formed is a two-layer or a three-layer structure. • Adding Nb (“Nb-doping effect”) improves the corrosion-oxidation resistance.
Hydrogen accommodation and its role in lattice symmetry in a TiNbZr medium-entropy alloy Chengguang Wu, Yilun Gong, Chang Liu, Xuehan Li, Gökhan Gizer, Claudio Pistidda, Fritz Körmann, Yan Ma, Jörg Neugebauer, Dierk Raabe Acta Materialia, 2025 Refractory medium/high-entropy alloys (M/HEAs) are emerging as promising alternative materials for hydrogen storage and hydrogen combustion engines due to their favorable thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for hydrogen accommodation (for the former) and promising high-temperature mechanical properties (for the latter). A better understanding of hydrogen-metal interactions is necessary to advance the development of this material class , thus helping leverage hydrogen-based applications. Here we reveal the microstructural evolution of a TiNbZr MEA by in-situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) during hydrogenation in pure H 2 gas at atmospheric pressure. At 500 °C, dissolved hydrogen atoms gradually expand the crystal lattice isotropically, and the body-centered cubic crystal remains stable up to a hydrogen concentration of ∼46.4 at.%. The thermodynamics of hydrogen accommodation associated with experimental observations in the crystal lattice is elucidated using density functional theory (DFT). The calculations suggest that tetrahedral interstitial sites are the thermodynamically favorable positions for hydrogen accommodation in both cases (i) for a single hydrogen in the special quasirandom structure supercell and (ii) at a high hydrogen concentration (∼45.4 at.%). In the latter case, hydrogen interstitials are randomly distributed on the tetrahedral sites. Upon cooling, it is observed that the body-centered cubic lattice transforms to a body-centered tetragonal structure. The DFT calculations show that this change is related to the ordering distribution of hydrogen interstitials within the TiNbZr lattice. By combining in-situ HEXRD experiments and DFT calculations, the study provides fundamental insights into hydrogen accommodation in the interstitial positions and its impact on the lattice symmetry in TiNbZr MEA.
Modelling of the Degradation of Fe9Cr Steels in High-Temperature CO2 Yilun Gong, Roger C. Reed, Henrik Larsson, Colin Atkinson Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, 2025 This article considers recent progress in modelling the degradation of Fe9Cr steels exposed to high-temperature CO2. Computational modelling is used to rationalise the mechanism of the so-called breakaway oxidation, which is shown here to be associated with the carburisation of the underlying Fe9Cr substrate of finite dimensions. Oxidation kinetics, non-steady-state carburisation kinetics, and the mass transport mechanisms are covered. The theoretical and numerical/analytical challenges are discussed, with possible ways forward being suggested. Thus, we demonstrate that the software systems built on Prof. Hillert’s legacy are maturing rapidly towards engineering tools which can be used to anticipate the degradation of complex multicomponent alloys in engineering situations of relevance and significant complexity.
Near-theoretical strength and deformation stabilization achieved via grain boundary segregation and nano-clustering of solutes Chang Liu, Jing Rao, Zhongji Sun, Wenjun Lu, James P. Best, Xuehan Li, Wenzhen Xia, Yilun Gong, Ye Wei, Bozhao Zhang, Jun Ding, Ge Wu, En Ma Nature Communications, 2024 Grain boundary hardening and precipitation hardening are important mechanisms for enhancing the strength of metals. Here, we show that these two effects can be amplified simultaneously in nanocrystalline compositionally complex alloys (CCAs), leading to near-theoretical strength and large deformability. We develop a model nanograined (TiZrNbHf)98Ni2 alloy via thermodynamic design. The Ni solutes, which has a large negative mixing enthalpy and different electronegativity to Ti, Zr, Nb and Hf, not only produce Ni-enriched local chemical inhomogeneities in the nanograins, but also segregate to grain boundaries. The resultant alloy achieves a 2.5 GPa yield strength, together with work hardening capability and large homogeneous deformability to 65% compressive strain. The local chemical inhomogeneities impede dislocation propagation and encourage dislocation multiplication to promote strain hardening. Meanwhile, Ni segregates to grain boundaries and enhances cohesion, suppressing the grain growth and grain boundary cracking found while deforming the reference TiZrNbHf alloy. Our alloy design strategy thus opens an avenue, via solute decoration at grain boundaries combined with local chemical inhomogeneities inside the grains, towards ultrahigh strength and large plasticity in nanostructured alloys. Grain boundary hardening and precipitation hardening are important mechanisms for enhancing the strength of metals. Here, these two effects are amplified simultaneously, by adding a suitable alloying element, leading to near-theoretical strength.
Towards Establishing Best Practice in the Analysis of Hydrogen and Deuterium by Atom Probe Tomography Baptiste Gault, Aparna Saksena, Xavier Sauvage, P. Bagot, L. S. Aota, Jonas Arlt, L. Belkacemi, T. Boll, Yi-Sheng Chen, Luke Daly, Milos B. Djukic, James O. Douglas, M. J. Duarte, P. Felfer, Richard G. Forbes, Jing Fu, Hazel Gardner, Ryota Gemma, S. Gerstl, Yi-Wen Gong, G. Hachet, Severin Jakob, B. Jenkins, Megan E. Jones, H. Khanchandani, P. Kontis, Mathias Kramer, Markus Kuhbach, R. Marceau, D. Mayweg, Katie L. Moore, Varatharaja Nallathambi, Benedict Ott, Jonathan D Poplawsky, T. Prosa, A. Pundt, Mainak Saha, T. Schwarz, Yuanyuan Shang, Xiao Shen, Maria Vrellou, Yuan Yu, Yujun Zhao, Huan Zhao, Bowen Zou Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2024 As hydrogen is touted as a key player in the decarbonization of modern society, it is critical to enable quantitative hydrogen (H) analysis at high spatial resolution and, if possible, at the atomic scale. H has a known deleterious impact on the mechanical properties (strength, ductility, toughness) of most materials that can hinder their use as part of the infrastructure of a hydrogen-based economy. Enabling H mapping including local hydrogen concentration analyses at specific microstructural features is essential for understanding the multiple ways that H affect the properties of materials including embrittlement mechanisms and their synergies. In addition, spatial mapping and quantification of hydrogen isotopes is essential to accurately predict tritium inventory of future fusion power plants thus ensuring their safe and efficient operation. Atom probe tomography (APT) has the intrinsic capability to detect H and deuterium (D), and in principle the capacity for performing quantitative mapping of H within a material's microstructure. Yet, the accuracy and precision of H analysis by APT remain affected by complex field evaporation behavior and the influence of residual hydrogen from the ultrahigh vacuum chamber that can obscure the signal of H from within the material. The present article reports a summary of discussions at a focused workshop held at the Max-Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials in April 2024. The workshop was organized to pave the way to establishing best practices in reporting APT data for the analysis of H. We first summarize the key aspects of the intricacies of H analysis by APT and then propose a path for better reporting of the relevant data to support interpretation of APT-based H analysis in materials.
Machine Learning-Enabled Tomographic Imaging of Chemical Short-Range Atomic Ordering Yue Li, Timoteo Colnaghi, Yilun Gong, Huaide Zhang, Yuan Yu, Ye Wei, Bin Gan, Min Song, Andreas Marek, Markus Rampp, Siyuan Zhang, Zongrui Pei, Matthias Wuttig, Sheuly Ghosh, Fritz Körmann, Jörg Neugebauer, Zhangwei Wang, Baptiste Gault Advanced Materials, 2024
Origin of age softening in the refractory high-entropy alloys Junliang Liu, Bo-Shiuan Li, Hazel Gardner, Yilun Gong, Fengxian Liu, Guanze He, Michael Moorehead, Calvin Parkin, Adrien Couet, Angus J. Wilkinson, David E. J. Armstrong Science Advances, 2023
An ab initio investigation into dislocation core structures and yield strength anomalies in L12 intermetallics B Zelin, Y Gong, J Yates, R Reed Acta Materialia 313, 122299 , 2026 2026
Can chemical short-range order be transformed into a practical alloy-engineering tool? Z Pei, Y Gong, P Singh, Y Li, F Körmann, Q Xie, K Wang, X Wu, S Mu, ... Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 41, 101254 , 2026 2026 Citations: 4
Quantum and Hybrid Machine‐Learning Models for Materials‐Science Tasks L Wang, Y Gong, Z Pei Advanced Quantum Technologies 9 (2), e00501 , 2026 2026
Role of oxygen in phase stability and mechanical behavior of the bcc HfNbTaTiZr high-entropy alloy during aging Y Zhao, M Rajkowski, Y Gong, S Laube, L Perrière, A Kauffmann, ... Acta Materialia 298, 121400 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Modelling of the Degradation of Fe9Cr Steels in High-Temperature CO2 Y Gong, RC Reed, H Larsson, C Atkinson Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 46, 279-291 , 2025 2025
Exceptional high-temperature corrosion resistance of multi-component alloys via modulating Al and Nb H Shi, X Zhang, C Liu, X Gong, Y Li, R Azmi, Y Gong, D Ponge, ... Corrosion Science 253, 112990 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Hydrogen accommodation and its role in lattice symmetry in a TiNbZr medium-entropy alloy C Wu, Y Gong, C Liu, X Li, G Gizer, C Pistidda, F Körmann, Y Ma, ... Acta Materialia 288, 120852 , 2025 2025 Citations: 16
Towards establishing best practice in the analysis of hydrogen and deuterium by atom probe tomography B Gault, A Saksena, X Sauvage, P Bagot, LS Aota, J Arlt, LT Belkacemi, ... Microscopy and microanalysis 30 (6), 1205-1220 , 2024 2024 Citations: 57
Machine Learning‐Enabled Tomographic Imaging of Chemical Short‐Range Atomic Ordering Y Li, T Colnaghi, Y Gong, H Zhang, Y Yu, Y Wei, B Gan, M Song, A Marek, ... Advanced Materials 36 (44), 2407564 , 2024 2024 Citations: 30
Near-theoretical strength and deformation stabilization achieved via grain boundary segregation and nano-clustering of solutes C Liu, J Rao, Z Sun, W Lu, JP Best, X Li, W Xia, Y Gong, Y Wei, B Zhang, ... Nature Communications 15 (1), 9283 , 2024 2024 Citations: 57
Designing complex concentrated alloys with quantum machine learning and language modeling Z Pei, Y Gong, X Liu, J Yin Matter 7 (10), 3433-3446 , 2024 2024 Citations: 15
Melting properties of the refractory metals V and W and the binary VW alloy fully from first principles LF Zhu, P Srinivasan, Y Gong, T Hickel, B Grabowski, F Körmann, ... Physical Review B 109 (9), 094110 , 2024 2024 Citations: 21
Multi-technique investigation of Fe-rich intermetallic compounds for more impurity-tolerant Al alloys S Feng, Y Gong, J Neugebauer, D Raabe, E Liotti, PS Grant Annual Meeting of DPG and DPG-Frühjahrstagung (DPG Spring Meeting) of the … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Thanks to Our Associate Editors and Reviewers for Their Critical Contributions in 2023 U Kattner, R Arroyave, RR de Avillez, I Belova, CE Campbell, Y Du, ... Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 45, 87-88 , 2024 2024
Origin of age softening in the refractory high-entropy alloys J Liu, BS Li, H Gardner, Y Gong, F Liu, G He, M Moorehead, C Parkin, ... Science Advances 9 (49), eadj1511 , 2023 2023 Citations: 34
Quantitative three-dimensional imaging of chemical short-range order via machine learning enhanced atom probe tomography Y Li, Y Wei, Z Wang, X Liu, T Colnaghi, L Han, Z Rao, X Zhou, L Huber, ... Nature Communications 14 (1), 7410 , 2023 2023 Citations: 70
Microstructures and mechanical properties of a L12-structured precipitation strengthened Co-based superalloy Z Zhang, Q Ding, Y Gong, X Wei, Z Zhang, H Bei Journal of Materials Research and Technology 26, 7789-7802 , 2023 2023 Citations: 22
Assessment of corrosive attack of Fe9Cr1Mo alloys in pressurised CO2 for prediction of breakaway oxidation Y Gong, SPA Gill, S Yan, R Higginson, J Sumner, NJ Simms, H Larsson, ... Corrosion Science 222, 111385 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Synergy between Experimentation and Modelling for Life-time Prediction and Design against Corrosion Y Gong Gordon Research Conference in High Temperature Corrosion: Degradation … , 2023 2023
Ab initio computation of phase stability and interstitial alloying in bcc compositionally complex alloys Y Gong, Y Ikeda, F Körmann, J Neugebauer International Conference on High-Entropy Materials (ICHEM 2023) , 2023 2023
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Alloys-by-design: Application to new superalloys for additive manufacturing YT Tang, C Panwisawas, JN Ghoussoub, Y Gong, JWG Clark, ... Acta Materialia 202, 417-436 , 2021 2021 Citations: 698
Temperature dependence of the stacking-fault Gibbs energy for Al, Cu, and Ni X Zhang, B Grabowski, F Körmann, AV Ruban, Y Gong, RC Reed, ... Physical Review B 98 (22), 224106 , 2018 2018 Citations: 119
On the breakaway oxidation of Fe9Cr1Mo steel in high pressure CO2 Y Gong, DJ Young, P Kontis, YL Chiu, H Larsson, A Shin, JM Pearson, ... Acta Materialia 130, 361-374 , 2017 2017 Citations: 91
Temperature dependence of the Gibbs energy of vacancy formation of fcc Ni Y Gong, B Grabowski, A Glensk, F Körmann, J Neugebauer, RC Reed Physical Review B 97 (21), 214106 , 2018 2018 Citations: 89
On the influence of alloy composition on the additive manufacturability of Ni-based superalloys JN Ghoussoub, YT Tang, WJB Dick-Cleland, AAN Németh, Y Gong, ... Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 53 (3), 962-983 , 2022 2022 Citations: 81
Additive manufacturability of superalloys: Process-induced porosity, cooling rate and metal vapour C Panwisawas, Y Gong, YT Tang, RC Reed, J Shinjo Additive Manufacturing 47, 102339 , 2021 2021 Citations: 81
Quantitative three-dimensional imaging of chemical short-range order via machine learning enhanced atom probe tomography Y Li, Y Wei, Z Wang, X Liu, T Colnaghi, L Han, Z Rao, X Zhou, L Huber, ... Nature Communications 14 (1), 7410 , 2023 2023 Citations: 70
Towards establishing best practice in the analysis of hydrogen and deuterium by atom probe tomography B Gault, A Saksena, X Sauvage, P Bagot, LS Aota, J Arlt, LT Belkacemi, ... Microscopy and microanalysis 30 (6), 1205-1220 , 2024 2024 Citations: 57
Near-theoretical strength and deformation stabilization achieved via grain boundary segregation and nano-clustering of solutes C Liu, J Rao, Z Sun, W Lu, JP Best, X Li, W Xia, Y Gong, Y Wei, B Zhang, ... Nature Communications 15 (1), 9283 , 2024 2024 Citations: 57
The effect of oxidation on the subsurface microstructure of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy PAJ Bagot, A Radecka, AP Magyar, Y Gong, DC Bell, GDW Smith, ... Scripta Materialia 148, 24–28 , 2018 2018 Citations: 52
Oxidation of iron at 600° C–experiments and simulations H Larsson, T Jonsson, R Naraghi, Y Gong, RC Reed, J Ågren Materials and Corrosion 68 (2), 133–142 , 2017 2017 Citations: 48
Multi-length-scale study on the heat treatment response to supersaturated nickel-based superalloys: Precipitation reactions and incipient recrystallisation YT Tang, C Panwisawas, BM Jenkins, J Liu, Z Shen, E Salvati, Y Gong, ... Additive Manufacturing 62, 103389 , 2023 2023 Citations: 42
Origin of age softening in the refractory high-entropy alloys J Liu, BS Li, H Gardner, Y Gong, F Liu, G He, M Moorehead, C Parkin, ... Science Advances 9 (49), eadj1511 , 2023 2023 Citations: 34
Machine Learning‐Enabled Tomographic Imaging of Chemical Short‐Range Atomic Ordering Y Li, T Colnaghi, Y Gong, H Zhang, Y Yu, Y Wei, B Gan, M Song, A Marek, ... Advanced Materials 36 (44), 2407564 , 2024 2024 Citations: 30
The effect of boron on oxide scale formation in a new polycrystalline superalloy P Kontis, S Pedrazzini, Y Gong, PAJ Bagot, MP Moody, RC Reed Scripta Materialia 127, 156-159 , 2017 2017 Citations: 25
Microstructures and mechanical properties of a L12-structured precipitation strengthened Co-based superalloy Z Zhang, Q Ding, Y Gong, X Wei, Z Zhang, H Bei Journal of Materials Research and Technology 26, 7789-7802 , 2023 2023 Citations: 22
Melting properties of the refractory metals V and W and the binary VW alloy fully from first principles LF Zhu, P Srinivasan, Y Gong, T Hickel, B Grabowski, F Körmann, ... Physical Review B 109 (9), 094110 , 2024 2024 Citations: 21
Hydrogen accommodation and its role in lattice symmetry in a TiNbZr medium-entropy alloy C Wu, Y Gong, C Liu, X Li, G Gizer, C Pistidda, F Körmann, Y Ma, ... Acta Materialia 288, 120852 , 2025 2025 Citations: 16
Designing complex concentrated alloys with quantum machine learning and language modeling Z Pei, Y Gong, X Liu, J Yin Matter 7 (10), 3433-3446 , 2024 2024 Citations: 15
Modelling of the degradation of martensitic stainless steels by the Boudouard reaction Y Gong, DJ Young, C Atkinson, T Olszewski, WJ Quadakkers, RC Reed Corrosion Science 173, 108699 , 2020 2020 Citations: 13
