Materials Science, Biomaterials, Ceramics and Composites
16
Scopus Publications
314
Scholar Citations
7
Scholar h-index
7
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Fostering biomineralization and biodegradation: nano-hydroxyapatite reinforced iron composites for biodegradable implant application V. P. Muhammad Rabeeh, K. S. Surendramohan, S. Jyothis, Shebeer A. Rahim, C. Sajith Babu, K. P. Sijina, G. K. Rajanikant, M. A. Joseph, T. Hanas Discover Materials, 2024 Iron (Fe) is regarded as a candidate material for biodegradable metallic implants due to its biocompatibility and ability to degrade in physiological environemnt. However, the degradation rate in the physiological environment is too slow for clinical applications. It is necessary to accelerate the rate such that the degradation is compatible with tissue growth. Furthermore, the implant material needs to be bioactive for promoting osteointegration, osteoconductivity, cell proliferation and biological apatite formation. Nano-sized bioactive hydroxyapatite (nHA) was incorporated into a porous Fe matrix to enhance the bioactivity and degradation rate. Electrochemical studies in biomemtic NaCl solution, revealed that incorporation of nHA in porous Fe can increase the degradation by 2.5 times compared to the pure iron counterparts with similar porosity. Furthermore, immersion tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) revealed that nHA added samples displayed enhanced biomineralization and degraded at a rate three times faster than pure iron in this environment. The incorporation of nHA into the iron matrix aided in the formation of biomineralized hydroxyapatite. The composite surface promoted the cell adhesion and proliferation and the L929 fibroblast cells exhibited good cell viability. It is proposed that porous morphology incorporated with nHA can improve biomineralization and tailor the degradation rate of Fe-based materials in physiological environment.
Effect of filler morphology on mechanical behaviour of Mg/HA nanocomposites for degradable implant applications Jasir V A, P Vaisakh, V Pratheeshkumar, Parokkaran Jojo Paul, C Sajith Babu, Hanas T, VP Muhammad Rabeeh Materials Research Express, 2024 Magnesium (Mg) alloys exhibit promising potential for biodegradable orthopaedic applications, with the incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA), which offers a means to tailor their bioactivity and biodegradation behavior. In this study, the effect of filler morphology on mechanical behaviour and biocorrosion of the Mg/HA composites is analysed. Two distinct morphologies of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA), needle-like and flake-shaped, were incorporated into Mg using a stir-casting technique. The incorporation of nHA led to a notable increase in hardness, with enhancements of 15% for needle-like nHA and 29% for flake-like nHA. Moreover, the ultimate compressive strength exhibited a significant improvement of 29% for the flake-shaped nHA and 12% for the needle-like nHA. Interestingly, the morphological variation did not impact the degradation behaviour of the composites. Based on these findings, it is proposed that Mg metal matrix composites utilizing bioactive flake-shaped nHA as a filler material hold promise for enhancing the mechanical properties of Mg/HA nanocomposites, particularly for load-bearing implant applications.
Bioactive Fe Foam for Degradable Bone Graft Cages Vilayapoyil Muhammad Rabeeh, Karalparambil Surendran Surendramohan, Hanas Tharayil Advanced Engineering Materials, 2024 Fe foams when combined with a proper surface coating can be effectively used as a biodegradable metal with improved biocompatibility and bioactivity. Herein, Fe foams prepared via powder metallurgy route coated with two different bioactive coatings namely polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/bioglass (BG) and polylactic acid (PLA)/BG are investigated. The effect of hydrophilic PVA and hydrophobic PLA, in conjunction with BG, has been examined. The study of biomineralization, degradation, and weight loss of the composite‐coated material over a period of 28 days is compared with that of the uncoated Fe foam samples in simulated body fluid. The composite coatings on the Fe foam effectively tailor the degradation with enhanced biomineralization. The composite‐coated material exhibits viability toward the L929 fibroblast cell line. The work reveals the great potential of Fe foams to be used as a biodegradable metallic material for temporary implant applications such as bone graft cages.
Effect of grain refinement on biomineralization and biodegradation of Mg–Ca alloy R. S. Sharan Krishna, V. P. Muhammad Rabeeh, Shebeer A. Rahim, M. A. Joseph, T. Hanas Journal of Materials Research, 2023 Magnesium (Mg) is a promising material for temporary implant applications due to its biodegradability and mechanical properties. However, the rapid degradation rate of Mg in the physiological environments makes the implant surface unstable for biological activities, including biomineralization. In this study, the effect of grain refinement on biomineralization and degradation rate of Mg alloy in the physiological environment are investigated using Equal Channel Angular Pressed (ECAP) samples of Mg-0.5Ca alloy. Immersion tests conducted in simulated body fluid (SBF) showed that grain refinement can help promote biomineralization and reduce the degradation rate. The immersion tests revealed that the formation of an in situ calcium phosphate (CaP) layer on the sample surfaces resulting from improved biomineralization can effectively reduce the degradation rate of the alloys. Therefore, it is proposed that grain refinement can be effectively used as a metallurgical modification technique to tailor the bioactivity and biodegradation of Mg alloys in physiological environments.
Iron-Gold Composites for Biodegradable Implants: In Vitro Investigation on Biodegradation and Biomineralization V. P. Muhammad Rabeeh, Shebeer A. Rahim, Sijina Kinattingara Parambath, G. K. Rajanikant, T. Hanas ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 2023 The biocompatibility and biodegradation of iron (Fe) make it a suitable candidate for developing biodegradable metallic implants. However, the degradation rate of Fe in a physiological environment is extremely slow and needs to be enhanced to a rate compatible with tissue growth. Incorporating noble metals improves the Fe degradation rate by forming galvanic couples. This study incorporated gold (Au) into Fe at very low concentrations of 1.25 and 2.37 μg/g to improve the degradation rate. The electrochemical corrosion test of the samples revealed that the Au-containing samples showed a four-time and nine-time faster degradation rate than pure Fe. Furthermore, the immersion test and long-term electrochemical impedance spectroscopy conducted in simulated body fluid (SBF) revealed that the Au-incorporated samples exhibited increased bioactivity and degraded faster than pure Fe. Integrating nanogold into a Fe matrix increased the in situ formation of hydroxyapatite on the sample's surface and did not cause toxicity to L929-murine fibroblast cells. It is suggested that Fe-Au composites with low concentrations of Au can be used to tailor the biodegradation rate and promote the biomineralization of Fe-based implants in the physiological environment.
Advancements in Magnesium Metal-Matrix Composites for Degradable Implant Applications Shebeer A. Rahim, V.P. Muhammad Rabeeh, Sharath Babu, M.A. Joseph, T. Hanas Advances in Corrosion Control of Magnesium and Its Alloys Metal Matrix Composites and Protective Coatings, 2023 Magnesium (Mg) alloys have been actively studied as promising materials for temporary orthopaedic implant applications due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, the rapid degradation of pure Mg in the physiological environment leads to loss of mechanical integrity and results in the premature failure of the implants. Various metallurgical and surface modification techniques are explored to tailor the degradation rate and biocompatibility of Mg-based materials. Among the different techniques explored, Mg metal-matrix composites (Mg-MMCs) with bioactive materials dispersed as a secondary phase can offer intriguing performance due to the tailoring possible on mechanical characteristics, degradation rate and bioactivity. This chapter presents a quick overview of the various manufacturing techniques, with an emphasis on the secondary phases that can be explored for the development of biodegradable Mg-MMCs.
Biocompatible Coatings on Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys V.P. Muhammad Rabeeh, K.S. Akshay, K.S. Surendramohan, T.S. Sampath Kumar, T. Hanas Advances in Corrosion Control of Magnesium and Its Alloys Metal Matrix Composites and Protective Coatings, 2023 Magnesium and its alloys are excellent candidates for biodegradable metallic implants due to their biocompatibility and bioactivity. However, the rapid rate of degradation causes premature failure of implants, limiting their clinical applications. Modification of surface and tailoring the surface activity are among the predominant strategies employed for improving the degradation resistance of magnesium alloys in the physiological environment. Surface coating techniques using bioactive and biocompatible materials such as bioceramic, biopolymers, proteins, and so on have been used not only to regulate degradation but also to improve the biointerfacial characteristics and tissue-implant integrations. This chapter details the various coating techniques and biomedical-grade coatings that are reported on biodegradable magnesium-based alloys for temporary implant applications.
Injectable PEGDA/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Composite Hydrogel for Minimally Invasive Bone Regeneration M Abhijith, V Raghuveeran, A Panayamthatta, A Gauthaman, ... Materials Research Express , 2026 2026
Development of MXene-enhanced polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers: A comprehensive study on synthesis and characterization A Zagabathuni, VPM Rabeeh, GS Pranavi Journal of Polymer Research 32 (5), 155 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Biodegrdable Fe: Summary & Future Prospective VPM Rabeeh, T Hanas Biodegradable Iron Implants: Development, Processing, and Applications, 97-99 , 2025 2025
Iron as Biodegradable Implant VPM Rabeeh, T Hanas Biodegradable Iron Implants: Development, Processing, and Applications, 15-29 , 2025 2025
Introduction to Biodegradable Metals VPM Rabeeh, T Hanas Biodegradable Iron Implants: Development, Processing, and Applications, 1-14 , 2025 2025
Biodegradable Fe: materials development VPM Rabeeh, T Hanas Biodegradable Iron Implants: Development, Processing, and Applications, 31-61 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Biodegrdable Fe: Applications VPM Rabeeh, T Hanas Biodegradable Iron Implants: Development, Processing, and Applications, 89-96 , 2025 2025
Biodegradable Fe: Processing Techniques VPM Rabeeh, T Hanas Biodegradable Iron Implants: Development, Processing, and Applications, 63-88 , 2025 2025
Biodegradable Iron Implants: Development, Processing, and Applications VPM Rabeeh, T Hanas Springer Nature , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Effect of filler morphology on mechanical behaviour of Mg/HA nanocomposites for degradable implant applications J VA, P Vaisakh, V Pratheeshkumar, PJ Paul, C Sajith Babu, H T, ... Materials Research Express 11 (10), 105403 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Fostering biomineralization and biodegradation: nano-hydroxyapatite reinforced iron composites for biodegradable implant application VPM Rabeeh, KS Surendramohan, S Jyothis, SA Rahim, CS Babu, ... Discover Materials 4 (1), 39 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Transient heat transfer studies of aluminium graphene nanocomposite heat spreaders using digital interferometry TS Abhijith, SS Shijina, VPM Rabeeh, V Sajith Applied Thermal Engineering 236, 121877 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Effect of grain refinement on biomineralization and biodegradation of Mg–Ca alloy RS Sharan Krishna, VP Muhammad Rabeeh, SA Rahim, MA Joseph, ... Journal of Materials Research 38 (21), 4772-4783 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Bioactive Fe Foam for Degradable Bone Graft Cages VM Rabeeh, KS Surendramohan, H Tharayil Advanced Engineering Materials, 2301416 , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Advancements in Magnesium Metal-Matrix Composites for Degradable Implant Applications SA Rahim, VPM Rabeeh, S Babu, MA Joseph, T Hanas Advances in Corrosion Control of Magnesium and its Alloys, 135-155 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Biocompatible Coatings on Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys VPM Rabeeh, KS Akshay, KS Surendramohan, TSS Kumar, T Hanas Advances in Corrosion Control of Magnesium and its Alloys, 399-421 , 2023 2023
Iron–Gold Composites for Biodegradable Implants: In Vitro Investigation on Biodegradation and Biomineralization VPM Rabeeh, SA Rahim, S Kinattingara Parambath, GK Rajanikant, ... ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 9 (7), 4255-4268 , 2023 2023 Citations: 17
Hot rolled Mg-Ca/nHA composite for biodegradable implant material–A novel approach SA Rahim, KSS Mohan, VPM Rabeeh, MA Joseph, MM Ali, T Hanas Materials Today Communications 35, 106235 , 2023 2023 Citations: 16
Electrophoretic deposition of alginate/bioglass composite coating on MgCa alloy for degradable metallic implant applications KS Akshay, VPM Rabeeh, SA Rahim, KP Sijina, GK Rajanikant, T Hanas Surface and Coatings Technology 448, 128914 , 2022 2022 Citations: 23
Effect of Ca content on biomineralization of Mg-Ca alloys T Favas, SA Rahim, VP Muhammad Rabeeh, MA Joseph, T Hanas IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1248 (1), 012108 , 2022 2022 Citations: 2
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Progress in manufacturing and processing of degradable Fe-based implants: a review VPM Rabeeh, T Hanas Progress in Biomaterials , 2022 2022 Citations: 85
Can technological advancements help to alleviate COVID-19 pandemic? a review MJ Thomas, V Lal, AK Baby, M Rabeeh VP, A James, AK Raj Journal of Biomedical Informatics 117, 103787 , 2021 2021 Citations: 81
Does acid pickling of Mg-Ca alloy enhance biomineralization? SA Rahim, VPM Rabeeh, MA Joseph, T Hanas Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 9 (3), 1028-1038 , 2021 2021 Citations: 33
Electrophoretic deposition of alginate/bioglass composite coating on MgCa alloy for degradable metallic implant applications KS Akshay, VPM Rabeeh, SA Rahim, KP Sijina, GK Rajanikant, T Hanas Surface and Coatings Technology 448, 128914 , 2022 2022 Citations: 23
Enhancing biointerfacial properties of porous pure iron by gold sputtering for degradable implant applications M Rabeeh VP, T Hanas Materials Today Communications 31, 103492 , 2022 2022 Citations: 19
Iron–Gold Composites for Biodegradable Implants: In Vitro Investigation on Biodegradation and Biomineralization VPM Rabeeh, SA Rahim, S Kinattingara Parambath, GK Rajanikant, ... ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 9 (7), 4255-4268 , 2023 2023 Citations: 17
Hot rolled Mg-Ca/nHA composite for biodegradable implant material–A novel approach SA Rahim, KSS Mohan, VPM Rabeeh, MA Joseph, MM Ali, T Hanas Materials Today Communications 35, 106235 , 2023 2023 Citations: 16
Development of MXene-enhanced polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers: A comprehensive study on synthesis and characterization A Zagabathuni, VPM Rabeeh, GS Pranavi Journal of Polymer Research 32 (5), 155 , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Biodegradable Iron Implants: Development, Processing, and Applications VPM Rabeeh, T Hanas Springer Nature , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Fostering biomineralization and biodegradation: nano-hydroxyapatite reinforced iron composites for biodegradable implant application VPM Rabeeh, KS Surendramohan, S Jyothis, SA Rahim, CS Babu, ... Discover Materials 4 (1), 39 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Effect of grain refinement on biomineralization and biodegradation of Mg–Ca alloy RS Sharan Krishna, VP Muhammad Rabeeh, SA Rahim, MA Joseph, ... Journal of Materials Research 38 (21), 4772-4783 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Bioactive Fe Foam for Degradable Bone Graft Cages VM Rabeeh, KS Surendramohan, H Tharayil Advanced Engineering Materials, 2301416 , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Transient heat transfer studies of aluminium graphene nanocomposite heat spreaders using digital interferometry TS Abhijith, SS Shijina, VPM Rabeeh, V Sajith Applied Thermal Engineering 236, 121877 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Advancements in Magnesium Metal-Matrix Composites for Degradable Implant Applications SA Rahim, VPM Rabeeh, S Babu, MA Joseph, T Hanas Advances in Corrosion Control of Magnesium and its Alloys, 135-155 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Effect of filler morphology on mechanical behaviour of Mg/HA nanocomposites for degradable implant applications J VA, P Vaisakh, V Pratheeshkumar, PJ Paul, C Sajith Babu, H T, ... Materials Research Express 11 (10), 105403 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Effect of Ca content on biomineralization of Mg-Ca alloys T Favas, SA Rahim, VP Muhammad Rabeeh, MA Joseph, T Hanas IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1248 (1), 012108 , 2022 2022 Citations: 2
Biodegradable Fe: materials development VPM Rabeeh, T Hanas Biodegradable Iron Implants: Development, Processing, and Applications, 31-61 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Tailoring Biodegradation of Mg-Ca Alloy by Acid Pickling and Polydioxanone/n-Hydroxyapatite Composite Coating for Temporary Implant Applications M Gaius Cherian, SA Rahim, VPM Rabeeh, MA Joseph, T Hanas Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 1-9 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Injectable PEGDA/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Composite Hydrogel for Minimally Invasive Bone Regeneration M Abhijith, V Raghuveeran, A Panayamthatta, A Gauthaman, ... Materials Research Express , 2026 2026
Biodegrdable Fe: Summary & Future Prospective VPM Rabeeh, T Hanas Biodegradable Iron Implants: Development, Processing, and Applications, 97-99 , 2025 2025
