DEVELOPMENT OF A DELAYED-RELEASE TABLET FOR CYSTINURIA: IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION AND PRECLINICAL ASSESSMENT IN ALBINO SWISS RAT MODEL Satish Kumar Sharma, Shikha Kaushik, Arpita Gupta, Varsha Deva, Km. Saiphali, et al. Journal of Experimental Zoology India, 2026 Cystinuria, a genetic disorder causing recurrent nephrolithiasis, requires strict maintenance of urinary cystine below its solubility threshold. Current therapies involving frequent dosing of thiol drugs like tiopronin are hampered by poor patient compliance and side effects, necessitating advanced drug delivery solutions. A novel delayed-release tablet was developed by press-coating a tiopronin core with a polymeric blend of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) and ethyl cellulose (EC) to create a time-lagged barrier, followed by an enteric coating of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). The formulation was characterized for physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release in sequential pH media. Its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic efficacy was evaluated in an Albino Swiss rat model of induced hypercystinuria, comparing it against a standard tiopronin suspension. The optimized tablet exhibited excellent acid resistance (<5% release in 2 h at pH 1.2) and a defined lag time of 120±8 minutes in intestinal pH, followed by complete drug release. In vivo, it demonstrated equivalent bioavailability to the standard suspension but with a significantly delayed Tmax (6.0 vs. 1.5 h) and lower Cmax. The formulation was superior in reducing 24-hour urinary cystine excretion (67.5% vs. 41.2%) and in maintaining sub-saturation levels for a prolonged duration, which correlated with markedly less renal crystal deposition and tissue damage on histopathology. The developed delayed-release tablet successfully provides a chronotherapeutic drug delivery profile for tiopronin. By ensuring targeted intestinal release and sustaining therapeutic drug levels, it offers a promising strategy to enhance efficacy, improve patient adherence and potentially reduce renal pathology in cystinuria management.
Impact of Cross-Linking on the Physicochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) Grains Starch Pankaj Bhatt, Suruchi Singh, Sakshi Garg, P. Ashoka, Shardandu Kumar Mishra, et al. Starch Staerke, 2025 Barnyard millet starch (Echinochloa frumentacea) has been investigated for its potential in drug delivery systems due to its unique properties. This study examined the physicochemical and physiological properties of cross‐linked barnyard millet starch (BMS) using varying concentrations of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Physicochemical and physiological properties of the cross‐linked starches are analyzed. Cross‐linking resulted in reduced swelling capacity and solubility of starch samples. Morphological analysis revealed rough surfaces with cavities and minute cracks in cross‐linked starches. Acute and sub‐acute toxicity studies in test animals indicated no adverse effects, with LD50 values within acceptable limits at 2000 mg kg−1. Hematological, biochemical, and lipid profiles showed no significant alterations compared to the control group. The study demonstrated a low acute toxicity level and favorable safety profile for STPP‐cross‐linked starch. These findings highlighted the potential of cross‐linked barnyard millet starch as a carrier in drug delivery system and for food applications. This study supports the potential of cross‐linked barnyard millet starch in pharmaceutical formulations.
Role of Personalized Medicine in Clinical Practice: An Overview of Current and Future Perspectives Roma Ghai, Ashu Mittal, Deepali Pandey, Md Shamshir Alam, Shikha Kaushik, et al. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2024 Drug administration at similar doses in patients can often lead to various clinical responses. It has been hypothesized that genetics primarily accounts for variation in drug efficacy and toxicity in individuals. Personalized medicine has been a breakthrough achieved by the Human Genome Project which contributes to enhancing quality-based patient care. It deals with the customization of medication considering the distinct genetic and proteomic data that underpins the originality of every patient and every instance of therapeutic intervention. Many cases have shown that inter-individual differences related to drug response can be traced to genetic polymorphism in the gene alleles that codes for metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and genetic variations in a person’s Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). So, the paper throws an insight into epidemiological variations due to genetics, variations in response based on metabolic parameters, and transporters. It also covers genetic variation related to immune-related drug toxicities. Pharmacogenetic testing plays an important role in achieving more precise personalized therapeutics for better public health. The paper discusses various tests for human leukocyte antigen variants and metabolic variants. Every technology inclusion comes with advantages and limitations so personalized medicine also faces certain challenges which are discussed in the paper. Once personalized medicine is used in clinical settings, patients will be able to receive the best medications for them based on their unique genetic and protein profiles.
Preclinical to Clinical Profile of Curcuma longa as Antidiabetic Therapeutics Shikha Kaushik, Neeraj Masand, Malliga R. Iyer, Vaishali M. Patil Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2023 Natural product substances have historically served as the most significant source of new leads for pharmaceutical development. Presently, drug discovery and development have adopted ra-tional approaches to explore herbal resources for treating lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes. For the treatment of diabetes, Curcumin longa has been extensively studied for evaluation of its an-tidiabetic potential using various in vivo and in vitro models. Literature resources such as PubMed and Google Scholar have been extensively searched to collect documented studies. Various parts of the plant and extracts have proven antidiabetic effects, namely, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory action, through different mechanisms. It is reported that the plant extract or its phytoconstituents regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. The reported study concluded the diversi-fied antidiabetic role of C. longa and its phytoconstituents and, thus, its potential use as an antidia-betic agent.
Development and Validation of In-vitro Release Study of Molnupiravir Capsules by RP-HPLC Shipra Singhal, Aman Sharma, Anirudh Malik, Meenakshi Dahiya, Gaurav Pratap Singh Jadaun, et al. Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2023 Introduction: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak all over the world has led researchers to strive to develop treatment and preventive measures to control its progression. Methods: Molnupiravir, a prodrug of the synthetic nucleoside derivative N-4-hydroxycytidine was found to be a promising candidate against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Results: It could significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization and mortality among patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 reports. In this study, an RP-HPLC method with UV detection was developed to determine its dissolution and release in the capsule dosage form. The developed method was validated as per International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Conclusion: The method was evaluated and validated for its applicability using various parameters. It was found to be a simple, rapid, selective, sensitive, accurate, precise, robust and rugged method.
Structural Modifications and Strategies for Native Starch for Applications in Advanced Drug Delivery Pankaj Bhatt, Vipin Kumar, Richa Goel, Somesh Kumar Sharma, Shikha Kaushik, et al. Biomed Research International, 2022 Pharmaceutical excipients are compounds or substances other than API which are added to a dosage form, these excipients basically act as carriers, binders, bulk forming agents, colorants, and flavouring agents, and few excipients are even used to enhance the activity of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and various more properties. However, despite of these properties, there are problems with the synthetic excipients such as the possibility of causing toxicity, inflammation, autoimmune responses, lack of intrinsic bioactivity and biocompatibility, expensive procedures for synthesis, and water solubility. However, starch as an excipient can overcome all these problems in one go. It is inexpensive, there is no toxicity or immune response, and it is biocompatible in nature. It is very less used as an excipient because of its high digestibility and swelling index, high glycemic index, paste clarity, film-forming property, crystalline properties, etc. All these properties of starch can be altered by a few modification processes such as physical modification, genetic modification, and chemical modification, which can be used to reduce its digestibility and glycemic index of starch, improve its film-forming properties, and increase its paste clarity. Changes in some of the molecular bonds which improve its properties such as binding, crystalline structure, and retrogradation make starch perfect to be used as a pharmaceutical excipient. This research work provides the structural modifications of native starch which can be applicable in advanced drug delivery. The major contributions of the paper are advances in the modification of native starch molecules such as physically, chemically, enzymatically, and genetically traditional crop modification to yield a novel molecule with significant potential for use in the pharmaceutical industry for targeted drug delivery systems.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Development of novel 1, 4-Dihydropyridine-tethered Isatin scaffolds as potential candidates for the treatment of Cancer and fungal infections P Takkar, S Kaushik, N Deswal, D Deswal, P Sharma, AK Narula, ... Bioorganic Chemistry, 108882 , 2025 2025.0
5 Phosphodiesterase S Kaushik, S Paliwal, N Masand, VM Patil Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Interventions against Neurodegenerative … , 2025 2025.0
Phosphodiesterase: A Safe and Potential Target for Anti-Alzheimer's Therapeutics S Kaushik, S Paliwal, N Masand, VM Patil Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Interventions against Neurodegenerative … , 2025 2025.0
Impact of Cross‐Linking on the Physicochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Barnyard Millet ( Echinochloa frumentacea ) Grains Starch P Bhatt, S Singh, S Garg, P Ashoka, SK Mishra, S Kaushik, V Deva, ... Starch‐Stärke 77 (1), 2300285 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 22
Multi-Target-Directed Ligand Approach in Anti-Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery VM Patil, N Masand, V Gautam, S Kaushik, D Wu Deciphering Drug Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease, 285-319 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 10
Development and Validation of In-vitro Release Study of Molnupiravir Capsules by RP-HPLC S Singhal, A Sharma, A Malik, M Dahiya, GP Singh Jadaun, VM Patil, ... Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 19 (7), 577-585 , 2023 2023.0
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Deciphering drug targets for Alzheimer’s disease D Kumar, VM Patil, D Wu, N Thorat Springer Nature , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 12
Promising Schiff bases in antiviral drug design and discovery S Kaushik, SK Paliwal, MR Iyer, VM Patil Medicinal Chemistry Research 32 (6), 1063-1076 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 117
Pharmacological Potential of Matricaria Recutita: Recent Advances in Cancer and Fungal Therapy B Dash, P Kumar, S Kaushik, R Goel, A Chhetri, K Sachan, A Kumar Annals of Forest Research 66 (1) , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 1
# 60 Success stories of drug design in drug discovery S Kaushik, VM Patil Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry 8 (Supplement) , 2022 2022.0
[Retracted] Structural Modifications and Strategies for Native Starch for Applications in Advanced Drug Delivery P Bhatt, V Kumar, R Goel, SK Sharma, S Kaushik, S Sharma, ... BioMed Research International 2022 (1), 2188940 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 72
An epidemiological investigation of insomnia: A survey R Ghai, C Sharma, K Nagarajan, SK Mishra, D Seth, A Pandey, S Kaushik, ... International Journal of Health Sciences 6 (S4), 7239-7250 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 14
Post-traumatic endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus parauberis: First human K Zaman, A Thakur, V Sree, S Kaushik, V Gautam, P Ray Indian J. Med. Microbiol 34, 382-384 , 2016 2016.0 Citations: 8
A QSAR study on a series of N-methyl pyrimidones acting as HIV integrase inhibitors S Kaushik, SP Gupta, PK Sharma, Z Anwer Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 48 (6), 427 , 2011 2011.0 Citations: 6
A QSAR study on some series of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors S Kaushik, S P. Gupta, P K. Sharma, Z Anwar Medicinal chemistry 7 (6), 553-560 , 2011 2011.0 Citations: 13
Design and development of anti-hepatitis B virus agents S Kaushik, S P Gupta, P K Sharma Current medicinal chemistry 17 (29), 3377-3392 , 2010 2010.0 Citations: 8
Review on herbal plants having anti‑cancer activity DD Bhragual, S Kaushik, K Varuna, N Kumar, VK Garg, PK Sharma Pharmacologyonline 1, 683-700 , 2010 2010.0 Citations: 1
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An Introduction to Clustering and Different Methods of Clustering. 2016 S Kaushik, T Srivastava, P Dar Retrieved from URL: https://www. analyticsvidhya. com/blog/2016/11 … , 0 Citations: 5
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Promising Schiff bases in antiviral drug design and discovery S Kaushik, SK Paliwal, MR Iyer, VM Patil Medicinal Chemistry Research 32 (6), 1063-1076 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 117
[Retracted] Structural Modifications and Strategies for Native Starch for Applications in Advanced Drug Delivery P Bhatt, V Kumar, R Goel, SK Sharma, S Kaushik, S Sharma, ... BioMed Research International 2022 (1), 2188940 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 72
Impact of Cross‐Linking on the Physicochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Barnyard Millet ( Echinochloa frumentacea ) Grains Starch P Bhatt, S Singh, S Garg, P Ashoka, SK Mishra, S Kaushik, V Deva, ... Starch‐Stärke 77 (1), 2300285 , 2025 2025.0 Citations: 22
An epidemiological investigation of insomnia: A survey R Ghai, C Sharma, K Nagarajan, SK Mishra, D Seth, A Pandey, S Kaushik, ... International Journal of Health Sciences 6 (S4), 7239-7250 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 14
A QSAR study on some series of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors S Kaushik, S P. Gupta, P K. Sharma, Z Anwar Medicinal chemistry 7 (6), 553-560 , 2011 2011.0 Citations: 13
Deciphering drug targets for Alzheimer’s disease D Kumar, VM Patil, D Wu, N Thorat Springer Nature , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 12
Multi-Target-Directed Ligand Approach in Anti-Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery VM Patil, N Masand, V Gautam, S Kaushik, D Wu Deciphering Drug Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease, 285-319 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 10
Preclinical to Clinical Profile of Curcuma longa as Antidiabetic Therapeutics S Kaushik, N Masand, MR Iyer, VM Patil Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 23 (24), 2267-2276 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 8
Post-traumatic endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus parauberis: First human K Zaman, A Thakur, V Sree, S Kaushik, V Gautam, P Ray Indian J. Med. Microbiol 34, 382-384 , 2016 2016.0 Citations: 8
Design and development of anti-hepatitis B virus agents S Kaushik, S P Gupta, P K Sharma Current medicinal chemistry 17 (29), 3377-3392 , 2010 2010.0 Citations: 8
A QSAR study on a series of N-methyl pyrimidones acting as HIV integrase inhibitors S Kaushik, SP Gupta, PK Sharma, Z Anwer Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 48 (6), 427 , 2011 2011.0 Citations: 6
An Introduction to Clustering and Different Methods of Clustering. 2016 S Kaushik, T Srivastava, P Dar Retrieved from URL: https://www. analyticsvidhya. com/blog/2016/11 … , 0 Citations: 5
Pharmacological Potential of Matricaria Recutita: Recent Advances in Cancer and Fungal Therapy B Dash, P Kumar, S Kaushik, R Goel, A Chhetri, K Sachan, A Kumar Annals of Forest Research 66 (1) , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 1
Review on herbal plants having anti‑cancer activity DD Bhragual, S Kaushik, K Varuna, N Kumar, VK Garg, PK Sharma Pharmacologyonline 1, 683-700 , 2010 2010.0 Citations: 1
Progress in development of HIV-1 integrase inhibitor S Kaushik, DD Bhragual, K Varuna, N Kumar, PK Sharma Der Pharma Chemica 2 (2), 312-326 , 2010 2010.0 Citations: 1
Development of novel 1, 4-Dihydropyridine-tethered Isatin scaffolds as potential candidates for the treatment of Cancer and fungal infections P Takkar, S Kaushik, N Deswal, D Deswal, P Sharma, AK Narula, ... Bioorganic Chemistry, 108882 , 2025 2025.0
5 Phosphodiesterase S Kaushik, S Paliwal, N Masand, VM Patil Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Interventions against Neurodegenerative … , 2025 2025.0
Phosphodiesterase: A Safe and Potential Target for Anti-Alzheimer's Therapeutics S Kaushik, S Paliwal, N Masand, VM Patil Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Interventions against Neurodegenerative … , 2025 2025.0
Development and Validation of In-vitro Release Study of Molnupiravir Capsules by RP-HPLC S Singhal, A Sharma, A Malik, M Dahiya, GP Singh Jadaun, VM Patil, ... Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 19 (7), 577-585 , 2023 2023.0
# 60 Success stories of drug design in drug discovery S Kaushik, VM Patil Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry 8 (Supplement) , 2022 2022.0
