Muhammed J. Kadhim
@mtu.edu.iq
Power Mechanical Techniques
Institute of technology/ Baghdad
@mtu.edu.iq
Power Mechanical Techniques
Institute of technology/ Baghdad
Diffusion coefficient (D) and radiuses of inorganic charge ions (R) in different environments is of importance in scientific fields, explaining certain features of ions. D values were obtained using the Einstein-Smoluchowski equation depending on limiting molar conductivity (λo) of inorganic charge ions. Inorganic ions have D values at the range of 1−3×10−9 m2.s-1, except hydroxyl and hydrogen ion (5.2×10−9 and 9.1×10−9 m2.s-1, respectively). The hydrodynamic radius R for diffusing ions was calculated using the Stokes–Einstein equation based on D values. Inorganic ions have R, values at the range of 1−3×10−10 m, except hydroxyl and hydrogen ion (R=0.47×10−10 and 0.27×10−10 m, respectively).
Biochemical and physiological properties depend on the size of ions and the thermodynamic quantities of ion hydration in numerous states. The diffusion coefficient (D) of lanthanide series ions (Ln+3) in solution (1.558-1.618 ×10−9 m2 s−1) as calculated by the Einstein–Smoluchowski relation depended on conductance measurements as electro - analytical measurement. The association constant (KA) of Ln+3 ions (210.3-215.3 dm3 mole-1) was calculated by using the Shedlovsky method, and the hydrodynamic radius was (1.515-1.569 ×10−10 m) as calculated by Stokes–Einstein equation. ΔHo, values were obtained from the literature. The thermodynamic functions (ΔGo, ΔSo) were calculated by suitable equations, ΔGo, for ion hydration, had negative values in the range (13.25 - 13.31 kJ/mole), ΔSo also were of negative values, results have been shown in the limit (11.299 - 12.573 kJ/ K. mole).
COVID-19- Citrus fruits- Vitamin C: COVID-19 is a virus that affects people unevenly with most cases showing mild symptoms, especially in children and young adults. However, some cases can appear severe and dangerous, as many patients require medical care in hospitals. Nutrition is very beneficial to health, especially in cases where it may need to strengthen the immune system, fruits are one choice in this field like citrus fruits (ex; oranges, clementine, and grapefruit) because it's a famous source of vitamin C. This letter focuses on introducing vitamin C's benefits in treating influenza and COVID-19 viruses.
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