Insecticidal Effects of Extracts from Three Herbal Plants on the Poultry Pest Alphitobius diaperinus Priyantini Widiyaning, Dyah Rini Indriyanti, Ning Setiati, Nurul Safitri, Nuril Nur Aini, Evi Verawati Siahaan, Wibowo Fatria Fadillah N Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2025 <b>Background and Objective:</b> <i>Alphitobius diaperinus</i> (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a major pest in conventional chicken farms in Indonesia. The temperature and humidity in the cage should be similar to their habitat. To find bioinsecticidal plants that can be integrated into the chicken house area, this study aims to analyze phytochemical compounds, test toxic effects and repellents of three types of herbal plants, i.e., <i>Lantana camara</i>, <i>Evodia suaveolens</i> and <i>Pluchea indica</i> against adult <i>A. diaperinus</i>. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Toxic and repellent effects of extracts were tested at five concentrations. Toxicity indicators were analyzed based on mortality 2×24 hrs post-exposure. The estimated LC<sub>50</sub> of the extracts was calculated from the mortality data at 48 hrs post-exposure. Repellency was observed using a Y-olfactometer tube to obtain the repellency (PR) data percentage. A two-way ANOVA test was conducted to identify significant treatments, using a significance level 0.05. <b>Results:</b> Phytochemical analysis revealed insecticidal compounds in the three leaf extracts. The leaf extracts of <i>E. suaveolens</i>, <i>L. camara</i> and <i>P. indica</i> showed an estimated LC<sub>50</sub> value of 24 hrs at concentrations of 86.11, 91.33 and 97.51%, respectively. Extract concentrations affected PR with significant differences (Tukey's range test; p<0.05) and <i>E. suaveolens</i> extract showed the best repellency. <b>Conclusion:</b> All extract sources contain insecticidal compounds, but toxicity and repellency test results show the best LC<sub>50</sub> and repellency estimates for <i>E. suaveolens</i> extracts. Thus, <i>E. suaveolens</i> extract has the potential to control and repel the poultry pest <i>A. diaperinus</i> and this plant can be integrated around conventional chicken cages.
Insecticidal Activity of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) Leaf Extracts Against the Darkling Beetle Alphitobius diaperinus Priyantini Widiyaningrum, Wibowo Faria Fadillah Nur, Dyah Rini Indriyanti, Ning Setiati Biosaintifika, 2024 Alphitobius diaperinus is a well-known insect pest in broiler farms. Larvae and adults of A. diaperinus act as disease vectors for poultry, and their presence has the potential to increase the risk of carcass contamination in slaughterhouses. Chemical insecticide control is still considered ineffective and environmentally unfriendly. Plant-based insecticide formulations offer a more environmentally friendly approach to pest control compared to chemical insecticides. The ethanol extract of Gamal leaves was tested on the darkling beetle A. diaperinus to determine its insecticidal activity. Five pairs of A. diaperinus were treated at five levels of extract concentration and then maintained in an insect container with wheat bran (pollard) food for 5 weeks. The insecticidal efficacy was measured based on the difference in mortality in the toxicity test and the reproductive ability of adult A. diaperinus by counting the number of larvae produced during the rearing period. The results showed that differences in extract concentrations significantly affected toxicity and the number of larvae produced. The more concentrated the extract, the higher the insect mortality, with the estimated LC50 value of the extract being 20.80% concentration within 72 hours. Reproductive ability showed that the higher the concentration of the extract, causing a decrease in the number of larvae produced, with the optimum concentration found in the 80% treatment. Thus, Gamal leaf extract has potential as a botanical insecticide for biological control of A. diaperinus pest.
Polymerase Chain Reaction-Amplification of COI Gene of Stingray and Shark Using Four Primer Pairs Ning Setiati, Ning Setiati, Ning Setiati, Partaya Partaya, Nur Hidayah, et al. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2023 The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique is essential for the successful amplification of the COI gene for the molecular identification of species. The present study was conducted to explore the amplification of the COI gene in stingray and shark samples using four primer pairs: FishF1-FishR1, FishF2-FishR2, FishF1-HCO2198R, and FishF2-HCO2198R. Five species of stingrays and two types of sharks were obtained from TPI Tasik Agung Rembang. DNA was isolated from the fish samples using the TIANamp Marine Animal DNA Kit. The concentration and quality of the DNA extracts were determined using the Nanodrop spectrophotometer and gel electrophoresis, respectively. The amplification results showed that the COI gene of Himantura gerrardi stingray was successfully amplified by the primer pair FishF1-FishR1; Himantura uarnocoides by the primer pairs FishF1-FishR1 and FishF2-FishR2; Himantura walga by the primer pairs FishF2-FishR2, FishF1-HCO2198R, and FishF2-HCO2198R; Neotrygon kuhlii by the primer pairs FishF1-FishR1, FishF2-FishR2, and FishF1-HCO2198R; Rhinobatos penggali by the primer pairs FishF1-FishR1, FishF2-FishR2, FishF1-HCO2198R, and FishF2-HCO2198R. Chiloscyllium punctatum and Carcharhinus sealei are shark species that were amplified successfully using the four primer pairs FishF1-FishR1, FishF2-FishR2, FishF1-HCO2198R, and FishF2-HCO2198R. The findings of this study reveal that the test primer pairs can be used for the molecular identification of stingrays and sharks.
Genetic Distance and Conservation Status of Stingray Species at TPI Tasik Agung Rembang, Central Java based on the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I Gene Science and Technology Asia, 2023
Biological Control Test of Poultry Pest Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) with Mahogany and Papaya Seeds Extract Priyantini Widiyaningrum, Niken Subekti, Ning Setiati, Laelatul Afifah, Alya Rizqi Nabilah, et al. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2023 Currently, the control of poultry pest Alphitobius diaperinus is still a serious problem because the use of synthetic insecticides has been shown to cause health, resistance and environmental disturbances.Therefore, the exploration of environmentally friendly bioinsecticides is still relevant in order to reduce dependence on synthetic insecticides.This laboratory experimental study used a completely randomized design and was carried out in three stages (repellency test, mortality test and antifeedant test).Percentage of repellency (PR) and antifeedant activity were analyzed by ANOVA and continued with Tukey's test (P < 0.05).Mortality was analyzed descriptively and probit regression to predict of LC50 value.The results showed that PR value and insect mortality rates tended to increase in line with the concentration level of mahogany seed and papaya seed extracts.The highest PR value was shown in the C100 treatment in both extracts, 94.13 and 88.70%, respectively.The C100 treatment of mahogany seed and papaya seed extracts also recorded successive deaths of 100 and 96%, with LC50 values of 49.249 and 52.107%.The antifeedant effect was shown by lower feed consumption.The lowest feed shrinkage was found in the C40 treatment, at 63.56 and 52.66% respectively compared to the control group.The results of this study implied that mahogany and papaya seed extracts have the potential to be developed as bioinsecticides, especially in the control of A. diaperinus.
Efficacy of Local Ageratum conyzoides Leaf Extracts on Controlling the Poultry Pest Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Science and Technology Asia, 2023
Beauveria bassiana Growth and Development in Various Liquid Media Dyah Rini Indriyanti Biosaintifika, 2022 Beauveria bassiana is entomopathogenic fungi that can be cultivated on solid or liquid media. The cultivation of B. bassiana on cracked corn medium leave unwanted waste. Therefore, cultivating B. bassiana on liquid media is expected to shorten the cultivation time and leave no waste. The purpose of the research was to analyze the physical characteristics of B. bassiana colony, the physical changes occur in various formulations of liquid media composition, the changes in the nutritional content and pH level of the growth media, and blastospore density contained in each liquid medium. This research used experimental complete randomized design with six treatments and 4 times repetition. The main phases of this research were the subculture of B. bassiana isolate; the preparation of liquid media consisting of distilled water, Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB), Sugar potato extract (Ekstraks Kentang Gula/EKG), EKG+NPK 1%, EKG+coconut water, EKG+NPK 1%+coconut water each for 150 ml; B. bassisana inoculation into the liquid media; incubation process for 30 days; and measurement of fungal blastospore density, medium pH, and carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content. The results obtained from the morphological observation of B.bassiana on liquid media showed that the colonies are white, growing on the surface of the media with powdery texture. There are some differences in the nutrient content of the media before after 30 days of B. Bassiana incubation. After the incubation, there is an increase in carbohydrate and decrease in protein and lipid content, as well as an increase in pH level of the media. EKG+coconut water medium showed the highest blastospore density by 1.26 x 108 cell/mL on the 15th day after inoculation.
Insecticidal Effect of Weeds Extract in the Poultry Pest Alphitobius diaperinus Priyantini Widiyaning, Ning Setiati, Sri Ngabekti, Fadilah Ngaini, Tri Dewi Yuliy, Yoga Hardiyanto, Suwarti . Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2022 Background and Objective: Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is the major pest in chicken farms. The control of pests using synthetic insecticides is not recommended. Besides its expensive, synthetic insecticides are proved harmful to poultry health, farmworkers and polluting the environment. To explore the sources of bioinsecticides that are cheap and eco-friendly, this study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal effect of weeds extracts (Chromolaena odorata, Ageratum conyzoides and Tithonia diversifolia) against post-embryonic survival of A. diaperinus. Materials and Methods: The experimental study using a completely randomized design of 2 factors, i.e., 3 types of weeds extract and 6 levels of concentration. The insecticidal effect was observed based on the post-embryonic survival. The post-embryonic survival of larvae was evaluated for 4 weeks by measuring the number of Larvae Released (LR) from the eggs, as well as the number of Adults Emergence (AE). Data were analyzed using Variance Analysis (ANOVA) and continued with the least significant different tests (α<</u>0.5). Results: The statistical analysis showed that the differences in extract concentration contributed significant influence (α<</u>0.05) on the total number of larvae released and adult emergence. The lowest LR and AE occurred at the 40% concentration level, i.e., on the extract of T. diversifolia, while the highest LR and AE were found in the treatment of C. odorata extract. Conclusion: In this study, all types of extracts have an insecticidal effect on the post-embryonic survival of A. diaperinus but the strongest effect was found in the extract of T. diversifolia in 40% concentration. At last, these findings inform people that the weeds extract, especially T. diversifolia is possible to be developed as bioinsecticides for A. diaperinus.
Types of Rats and Their Parasites That Potential to Transmit Disease in Tugu District, Semarang City Ning Setiati, Rusyda Auliya, Partaya Partaya, F. Putut Martin Herry Bodijantoro, Dyah Rini Indriyanti, Priyantini Widiyaningrum Biosaintifika, 2021 Rats are known as vectors and reservoirs for various types of ecto and endoparasites. The existence of rats as cosmopolitan animals allows for complex parasitic transmission due to the relationship between humans, animals, and the environment. This study aimed to provide informative data on the types of rat along with their ecto- and endoparasites. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection was carried out by random sampling survey with a point time approach. Data collection was carried out in 4 villages, namely Tugurejo, Mangkang Wetan, Mangunharjo, and Mangkang Kulon Villages, Tugu District, Semarang City. A total of 89 rats were obtained, the species obtained were R. norvegicus, R. argentiventer, R. exulans, R. tiomanicus, R. surifer, R. tanezumi, B indica, and S. murinus. Ectoparasite infestation was found in all types of rats except S. murinus. The ectoparasites found were Xenopsylla cheopis and Laelaps echidninus which were reported as the main vectors of murine typhus, epidemic typhus, bartonellosis as well as scrub typhus and Q-fever disease. Endoparasite infestation was found in the intestinal organs, namely Diphyllobothrium sp. and two species of worm eggs Hymnoepis sp. and Trichuris trichiura which were reported as the cause of Diphyllobothriasis as well as digestion, absorption, which can result in the loss of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and blood in large quantities. Diphyllobothriasis is not transmitted from person to person, more than one family member can be infected by sharing common meals and having similar eating habits. This study can be used as an early warning for community against the potential of infectious diseases from rats as vectors in Tugu District, Semarang related to rats density, endoparasites and their ectoparasites.
Effect of metarhizium anisopliae in kaolin formulation and its secondary metabolite on oryctes rhinoceros larval mortality International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2020
