Mechanical Engineering, Energy, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Fuel Technology
5
Scopus Publications
213
Scholar Citations
7
Scholar h-index
4
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Oleic acid-modified zinc oxide incorporated compatibilized PLA/LLDPE nanocomposites: physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties Ahmad Hafizullah Ritonga, Barita Aritonang, Debi Meilani, Herlina Herlina, Vivi Sisca, Gusliani Eka Putri, Juliandi Siregar, Enzo Wiranta Battra Siahaan South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2026 • Oleic acid-modified ZnO nanoparticles (O-ZnO NPs) were synthesized and subsequently incorporated into PLA/LLDPE blends via melt blending at 165°C in the presence of an LLDPE-g-OA (LO) compatibilizer. • The incorporation of 5 wt% O-ZnO NPs significantly enhanced the tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, and thermal stability of the compatibilized PLA/LLDPE/O-ZnO (cPLO) nanocomposites. • The improved interfacial compatibility led to reduced water absorption, accelerated soil biodegradation, and effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus . The increasing demand for safe and environmentally friendly packaging materials has driven the development of biodegradable PLA-based polymers; however, the limited mechanical strength and thermal stability of PLA restrict their broader application. This study investigates the incorporation of oleic acid–modified zinc oxide nanoparticles (O-ZnO NPs) into compatibilized PLA/LLDPE nanocomposites to improve their physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. O-ZnO NPs were synthesized via surface modification of ZnO with oleic acid (OA), resulting in improved compatibility with the polymer matrix while preserving the intrinsic crystalline structure of ZnO. Compatibilized PLA/LLDPE/O-ZnO (cPLO) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending PLA and LLDPE in the presence of LLDPE-g-OA (LO) compatibilizer, followed by the incorporation of O-ZnO NPs at various loadings. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of O-ZnO NPs significantly enhances the nanocomposite's performance by strengthening the interfacial interactions between the immiscible PLA and LLDPE phases. Mechanical testing showed an increase in Young’s modulus from 438 MPa to 493 MPa, accompanied by an improvement in elongation at break from 43% to 54%, indicating simultaneous enhancement of stiffness and ductility. Thermal analysis revealed improved thermal stability, which is attributed to restricted polymer chain mobility and more efficient stress transfer at the filler–matrix interface. Morphological observations confirmed a more homogeneous nanoparticle dispersion and reduced phase separation within the polymer matrix. The incorporation of O-ZnO NPs reduced water absorption to 0.682% and increased biodegradation from 14.5% to 15.8% after 90 days of soil burial, indicating improved hydrophobicity while maintaining environmental degradability. The nanocomposites also exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , with inhibition zones exceeding 8 mm. O-ZnO NPs effectively improve interfacial compatibility in compatibilized PLA/LLDPE blends, resulting in balanced mechanical reinforcement and multifunctional properties suitable for semi-biodegradable packaging applications.
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste for Gasoline Fuel: Reaction Mechanism Engine Integration Enzo Wiranta Battra Siahaan, Tulus Burhanuddin Sitorus, Himsar Ambarita, Taufiq Bin Nur, Ilmi Ilmi, Janter Pangaduan Simanjuntak Automotive Experiences, 2025 The escalating accumulation of plastic waste demands not only scalable but integrative conversion solutions. Among thermochemical routes, catalytic pyrolysis has emerged as a promising pathway to produce gasoline-range hydrocarbons from plastic polymers compatible with spark-ignition engines. This review critically evaluates recent advancements in pyrolysis of key plastics polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with a focus on fuel yield, hydrocarbon distribution, and engine-level performance. Comparative analysis reveals PP as the most viable feedstock, achieving up to 85% liquid yield and producing oil with high Research Octane Numbers (RON 85–95), outperforming PE and PS in combustion efficiency and emission compliance. However, persistent challenges such as fuel instability, catalyst deactivation, and elevated aromatic emissions particularly from PS complicate real-world deployment. The review further dissects the interplay between catalyst type, reactor design, and post-treatment, highlighting how these variables modulate product quality and engine operability. Notably, 10–20% PP/PE-derived pyrolysis gasoline blends demonstrate near-parity with conventional gasoline in Brake Thermal Efficiency and regulated emissions, without requiring engine modifications. This work bridges molecular-level reaction chemistry with combustion diagnostics and policy-aligned emission metrics, offering a rare multiscale synthesis. By articulating process-emission-performance trade-offs, it provides a strategic reference for researchers and practitioners aiming to scale waste-to-fuel systems within circular economy frameworks.
Integrated PLA/LLDPE nanocomposites with compatibilizer and hydroxyapatite-zinc oxide: Mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties Ahmad Hafizullah Ritonga, Vivi Sisca, Barita Aritonang, Debi Meilani, Gusliani Eka Putri, Enzo Wiranta Battra Siahaan South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2025 • HAp-ZnO HNP was synthesized by mixing HAp and ZnO in ethanol and water, with the pH adjusted to 11 under acidic conditions using ammonium hydroxide. • HAp/ZnO HNP was integrated into the PLA/LLDPE matrix using the LO compatibilizer in an internal mixer under melt-phase conditions at 160°C. • The PLA/LLDPE/LO/HAp-ZnO nanocomposite significantly improved mechanical, physical, and thermal properties. • Enhanced compatibility and uniform nanoparticle dispersion within the PLA/LLDPE/LO matrix were observed after the integration of HAp-ZnO HNP. The integration of Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) nanocomposites with Hydroxyapatite-Zinc Oxide hybrid nanoparticles (HAp-ZnO HNPs) as fillers and LLDPE-grafted-Oleic Acid (LLDPE-g-OA) as a compatibilizer was successfully conducted. This study examines the improvement of mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties of PLA/LLDPE blends through the incorporation of HAp-ZnO HNPs and LLDPE-g-OA (LO) to enhance their strength, durability, and biodegradability. The HAp-ZnO HNPs were synthesized by mixing HAp and ZnO in an ethanol-water solution (20:80), adjusting the pH to 11 with ammonium hydroxide, and then applying sonication, filtration, washing, and drying. The nanocomposites were prepared by blending PLA, LLDPE, LO, and 5.0 wt.% HAp-ZnO HNPs in an internal mixer at 160°C. The incorporation of HAp-ZnO HNPs improved tensile strength (9.171 MPa), elongation at break (52.863%), and Young's modulus (487.327 MPa) while reducing water absorption to 0.72%. HAp-ZnO HNPs also accelerated biodegradation, increasing weight loss from 0.73% at 15 days to 15.81% at 90 days. Thermal analysis showed enhanced thermal stability, a higher melting point, and faster degradation due to HAp-ZnO HNPs. FTIR spectra revealed complex interactions among the materials, and morphological analysis confirmed good compatibility with evenly nanoparticle dispersion. These findings indicate the potential of HAp-ZnO HNPs as effective fillers and co-compatibilizers for improving the overall properties of PLA/LLDPE blends.
PLA/LLDPE/Organo-Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Composites Containing LLDPE-g-OA Compatibilizers: Mechanical, Physical, Thermal, and Morphology Ahmad Hafizullah Ritonga, Barita Aritonang, Gusliani Eka Putri, Khairiah Khairiah, Enzo Wiranta Battra Siahaan, Debi Meilani Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 2023 A plastic composite consisting of polylactic acid (PLA), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), oleic acid-grafted linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE-g-OA) compatibilizer, and organo-precipitated calcium carbonate (O-PCC) have been successfully made in the molten state. This study aims to characterize the mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of the PLA/LLDPE/O-PCC plastic composite in the presence of an LLDPE-g-OA compatibilizer. The plastic composite was prepared by blending PLA, LLDPE, LLDPE-g-OA, and O-PCC using an internal mixer with a heating of 160 °C and a rotation of 100 rpm. LLDPE and LLDPE-g-OA are put together into the inner mixer chamber until melted, followed by PLA and O-PCC. The most optimum plastic composite composition is PLA/LLDPE/LLDPE-g-g-OA/O-PCC (67.5:22.5:5:5). The mechanical properties showed an increase in tensile strength of 9.78 MPa. The physical properties showed that the minimum water absorption was 0.74%, the biodegradation in humus soil showed a degradation rate of 0.09% per day, and the thermal properties showed better stability with a melting point of 146.5 °C. The FTIR spectrum is similar to the polymer blend without O-PCC. The morphology indicates that the composite is compatible and homogeneous. This semi-biodegradable plastic composite has significant implications for reducing the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Oleic acid-modified zinc oxide incorporated compatibilized PLA/LLDPE nanocomposites: Physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties AH Ritonga, B Aritonang, D Meilani, V Sisca, GE Putri, J Siregar, ... South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 100869 , 2026 2026
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste for Gasoline Fuel: Reaction Mechanism Engine Integration EWB Siahaan, TB Sitorus, H Ambarita, TB Nur, I Ilmi, JP Simanjuntak Automotive Experiences 8 (2) , 2025 2025
Review of Pyrolysis Properties of Plastic Waste with Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) into Alternative Fuel in Otto Engine EWB Siahaan, TB Sitorus, H Ambarita, TB Nur International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced … , 2025 2025
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Integrated PLA/LLDPE nanocomposites with compatibilizer and hydroxyapatite-zinc oxide: Mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties AH Ritonga, V Sisca, B Aritonang, D Meilani, GE Putri, EWB Siahaan South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 52 (1), 8-19 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
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PERENCANAAN PESAWAT ANGKAT HIDROLIK KAPASITAS ANGKAT 20 TON DI PT. SINARTECH MULTI PERKASA RP Harahap, Z Marbun, T Hasballah, EWB Siahaan Jurnal Teknologi Mesin UDA 5 (1), 40-47 , 2024 2024
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