Effect of elemental composition assigned to antrotopic pollution on the quality of the water and sediment of the Marrecas river (PR, Brazil) as highlighted by multivariate statistical analyses Liliane Hellmann, Aparecido Nivaldo Módenes, Ana Paula de Oliveira Schmitz, Fernando R. Espinoza-Quiñones, Daniela Estelita Goes Trigueros, et al. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A Toxic Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 2022 In recent years, several environmental pollutants have been monitored in surface waters and sediments. However, few studies apply multivariate statistics to identify the main components and correlate them temporally and spatially. In this sense, the present study sought to monitor the quality of water and sediments in the Rio Marrecas/Brazil, through the analysis of physicochemical parameters and trace elements, as well as to identifying sources of contamination, using multivariate statistics. For this purpose, sampling was carried out in nine locations for a period of 12 months. The Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) technique was used to quantify the 15 elements identified in water and sediment samples. Through multivariate statistical analyses, the most significant elements, their correlations and possible pollutant sources were defined, and the pollution index (HPI) and assessment index (HEI) of heavy metals were applied. The parameters pH and BOD5 do not comply with Brazilian legislation. Based on PCA and Spearman correlation, there was strong evidence of contamination of the water naturally, composed of the elements Ti, V, Mn, Fe, and of anthropogenic origin composed of the elements Ca, Ni, Cu, Zn. These findings provide insights to determine the impacts of heavy metals on human health and the environment.
Application of the statistical experimental design to optimize the electrocoagulation technology in the treatment of cosmetic industry wastewater Roselaine Cristina Rejei Reinehr, Patricia Raphaela Giordanni, Alcione Aparecida de Almeida Alves, Márcia Regina Fagundes Klen, Aline Raquel Müller Tones Desalination and Water Treatment, 2019 This research presents an experimental design study to statistically optimize electrocoagulation (EC) technology with the use of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes applied in the treatment of cosmetic industry wastewater. The experimental design was conducted according to the rotational central compound design, composed of 12 trials to evaluate the joint influence of two independent variables, current density and operation time. Considering the efficiency of the variable responses obtained through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) in relation to the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, apparent color and absorbance at λ – 350 nm, the experimental results demonstrated with 95% significance of the independent variables. The operating conditions optimized for the EC technology corresponded to: 1,672 A m–2 with operation time of 18.98 min for the Al electrode and 996 A m–2 with operation time of 29.54 min for the Fe electrode. These conditions were considered promising alternatives for the maximization of COD (66.12% Al and 61.35% Fe), turbidity (90.96% Al and 92.31% Fe), apparent color (97.07% Al and 93.69% Fe) and absorbance at λ – 350 nm (97.83% Al and 92.69% Fe).
The experience of the Tecnossocial Incubator of Solidarity Economic Cooperatives and Enterprises and its relation with the development of the Northwest Regions and Missions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul Espacios, 2017
