Physics-informed neural networks for differential equation solutions: A comprehensive review Subarna Khanra, Vijay Kumar Kukreja, Indu Bala Neurocomputing, 2026 Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) embed governing differential equations into training, enabling solutions of ODEs and PDEs. This review consolidates theoretical foundations (expressive capacity, automatic differentiation) and core methods (loss design, constraint enforcement, sampling, optimization), while surveying applications from baseline PINNs to advanced variants such as multi-physics coupling, domain decomposition, frequency-enhanced representations, and operator-learning hybrids. Comparative synthesis links architectural and training choices to equation type, data conditions, and computational budgets. A unified benchmarking framework is proposed with standard PDE tasks, accuracy metrics, collocation budgets, and transparent reporting for fair comparison with classical solvers. Evidence positions PINNs as complementary to traditional methods-effective for inverse problems, data assimilation, irregular domains, and parametric inference-while challenges remain in scalability, spectral bias, constraint enforcement, and reproducibility. The review offers a coherent synthesis with actionable guidance for scientific and engineering applications.
Numerical Study of Fractional Order Burgers’-Huxley Equation Using Modified Cubic Splines Approximation Anita Devi, Archna Kumari, N. Parumasur, P. Singh, V. K. Kukreja Fractal and Fractional, 2025 This paper aims to explore the numerical solution of non-linear fractional-order Burgers’-Huxley equation based on Caputo’s formulation of fractional derivatives. The equation serves as a versatile tool for analyzing a wide range of physical, biological, and engineering systems, facilitating valuable insights into nonlinear dynamic phenomena. The fractional operator provides a comprehensive mathematical framework that effectively captures the non-locality, hereditary characteristics, and memory effects of various complex systems. The approximation of temporal differential operator is carried out through finite difference based L1 scheme, while spatial discretization is performed using modified cubic B-spline basis functions. The stability as well as convergence analysis of the approach are also presented. Additionally, some numerical test experiments are conducted to evaluate the computational efficiency of a modified fourth-order cubic B-spline (M43BS) approach. Finally, the results presented in the form of tables and graphs highlight the applicability and robustness of M43BS technique in solving fractional-order differential equations. The proposed methodology is preferred for its flexible nature, high accuracy, ease of implementation and the fact that it does not require unnecessary integration of weight functions, unlike other numerical methods such as Galerkin and spectral methods.
A SIXTH-ORDER HERMITE COLLOCATION TECHNIQUE for NUMERICAL STUDY of NONLINEAR FISHER and BURGERS-FISHER EQUATIONS ARCHNA KUMARI, VIJAY KUMAR KUKREJA Anziam Journal, 2025 This study aims to formulate a highly accurate numerical method, specifically a seventh-order Hermite technique with an error term of sixth order, to solve the Fisher and Burgers–Fisher equations. This technique employs a combination of orthogonal collocation on the finite element method and hepta Hermite basis functions. By ensuring continuity of the dependent variable and its first three derivatives across the entire solution domain, it achieves a remarkable level of accuracy and smoothness. The space discretization is handled through the application of hepta Hermite polynomials, while the time discretization is managed by the Crank–Nicholson scheme. The stability and convergence analysis of the scheme are discussed in detail. To validate the accuracy of the proposed technique, three examples are taken. The results obtained from these examples are thoroughly analysed and compared against the exact solutions and reliable data from the existing literature. It is established that the proposed technique is easy to implement and gives better results as compared with existing ones.
An Optimal Quintic B-spline Collocation Method for Fourth-order Singular Singularly Perturbed Problems Mathematics in Engineering Science and Aerospace, 2021
Comparative study of axial dispersion model using cubic Hermite collocation method for linear and nonlinear adsorption isotherms Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 2014
A continuous, bounded and uniformly converging hypertan -normalization approach for improved classification accuracy and feature entropy M Mand, B Singh, VK Kukreja International Journal of Data Science and Analytics 21 (1), 70 , 2026 2026
A novel data normalization technique based on a piecewise continuous, symmetric function with tanh -transformation: M. Mand et al. M Mand, B Singh, VK Kukreja Soft Computing, 1-43 , 2026 2026
Physics-informed neural networks for differential equation solutions: A comprehensive review S Khanra, VK Kukreja, I Bala Neurocomputing, 133317 , 2026 2026
Numerical study of solitary wave equations of fractional order via modified cubic B-spline collocation technique A Devi, A Kumari, VK Kukreja Wave Motion, 103717 , 2026 2026
Numerical Study of Fractional Order Burgers’-Huxley Equation Using Modified Cubic Splines Approximation A Devi, A Kumari, N Parumasur, P Singh, VK Kukreja Fractal and Fractional 9 (12), 780 , 2025 2025
New Hermite collocation approach with shocks wave capturing for solving non-linear coupled Burgers-type model at high Reynolds number A Kumari, S Kumar, VK Kukreja Engineering with Computers 41 (6), 4061-4076 , 2025 2025
Forecasting India's Demographic Transition Under Fertility Policy Scenarios Using hybrid LSTM-PINN Model S Khanra, VK Kukreja, I Bala arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.00760 , 2025 2025
An Effectual Higher Order Computational Method for Treatment of Generalized Rosenau-KDV Equation. R Kaur, VK Kukreja Palestine Journal of Mathematics 14 , 2025 2025
Numerical solution and analysis of extended Fisher–Kolmogorov equation using an improved collocation algorithm Shallu, VK Kukreja International Journal of Computer Mathematics 102 (3), 415-434 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Highly accurate spline collocation technique for the numerical solution of generalized Burgers-Fisher's problem. Shallu, VK Kukreja Computational Methods for Differential Equations 13 (2) , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
A SIXTH-ORDER HERMITE COLLOCATION TECHNIQUE FOR NUMERICAL STUDY OF NONLINEAR FISHER AND BURGERS–FISHER EQUATIONS A Kumari, VK Kukreja The ANZIAM Journal 67, e12 , 2025 2025
On a class of quadratically convergent iteration formulae VK Kukreja Applied Mathematics and Computation , 2024 2024
Highly accurate collocation methodology for solving the generalized Burgers–Fisher’s equation Shallu, VK Kukreja Iranian Journal of Numerical Analysis and Optimization 14 (3), 736-761 , 2024 2024
Hermite septic collocation technique for the study of A Kumari¹, VK Kukreja Multidisciplinary Approach in Research Area (Volume-7), 31 , 2024 2024
Study of generalized regularized long wave equation via septic Hermite collocation method with Crank–Nicolson and SSP-RK43 schemes to capture the various solitons A Kumari, VK Kukreja Wave Motion 122, 103188 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Survey of Hermite interpolating polynomials for the solution of differential equations A Kumari, VK Kukreja Mathematics 11 (14), 3157 , 2023 2023 Citations: 17
Study of 4th order Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation by septic Hermite collocation method A Kumari, VK Kukreja Applied Numerical Mathematics 188, 88-105 , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Solution of the generalized regularized long-wave equation with optimal spline collocation technique and implicit Crank–Nicolson as well as explicit SSP-RK43 scheme Shallu, VK Kukreja International Journal of Computer Mathematics 100 (1), 1-19 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Solution of Two-Point Boundary Value Problems Using Quintic Hermite Collocation Method SP Kaur, AK Mittal, VK Kukreja MRSPTU, Bathinda , 2023 2023
Shishkin mesh based septic Hermite interpolation algorithm for time-dependent singularly perturbed convection–diffusion models A Kumari, VK Kukreja Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 60 (10), 2029-2053 , 2022 2022 Citations: 3
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
On a class of quadratically convergent iteration formulae V Kanwar, VK Kukreja, S Singh Applied mathematics and Computation 166 (3), 633-637 , 2005 2005 Citations: 72
Solution of Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers equation using collocation method with quintic Hermite splines S Arora, R Jain, VK Kukreja Applied Numerical Mathematics 154, 1-16 , 2020 2020 Citations: 67
On some third-order iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations V Kanwar, VK Kukreja, S Singh Applied Mathematics and Computation 171 (1), 272-280 , 2005 2005 Citations: 61
Solution of two point boundary value problems using orthogonal collocation on finite elements S Arora, SS Dhaliwal, VK Kukreja Applied Mathematics and Computation 171 (1), 358-370 , 2005 2005 Citations: 56
Numerical solution of Burgers’ equation by cubic Hermite collocation method IA Ganaie, VK Kukreja Applied Mathematics and Computation 237, 571-581 , 2014 2014 Citations: 55
Characterisation of honey produced from different fruit plants of northern India V Nanda, B Singh, VK Kukreja, AS Bawa International Journal of Food Science and Technology 44 (12), 2629-2636 , 2009 2009 Citations: 47
Simulation of washing of packed bed of porous particles by orthogonal collocation on finite elements S Arora, SS Dhaliwal, VK Kukreja Computers & chemical engineering 30 (6-7), 1054-1060 , 2006 2006 Citations: 42
Numerical treatment of Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers equation with fourth-order improvised B-spline collocation method Shallu, VK Kukreja Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 7 (2), 99-111 , 2022 2022 Citations: 38
Application of orthogonal collocation on finite elements for solving non-linear boundary value problems S Arora, SS Dhaliwal, VK Kukreja Applied mathematics and computation 180 (2), 516-523 , 2006 2006 Citations: 30
Cubic Hermite collocation solution of Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation IA Ganaie, S Arora, VK Kukreja International Journal of Computer Mathematics 93 (1), 223-235 , 2016 2016 Citations: 23
Error bounds for septic Hermite interpolation and its implementation to study modified Burgers’ equation A Kumari, VK Kukreja Numerical Algorithms 89 (4), 1799-1821 , 2022 2022 Citations: 22
Solution of diffusion–dispersion models using a computationally efficient technique of orthogonal collocation on finite elements with cubic Hermite as basis AK Mittal, IA Ganaie, VK Kukreja, N Parumasur, P Singh Computers & chemical engineering 58, 203-210 , 2013 2013 Citations: 21
An improvised collocation algorithm with specific end conditions for solving modified Burgers equation Shallu, VK Kukreja Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 37 (1), 874-896 , 2021 2021 Citations: 20
Numerical approach for solving diffusion problems using cubic B-spline collocation method B Gupta, VK Kukreja Applied Mathematics and Computation 219 (4), 2087-2099 , 2012 2012 Citations: 20
Mathematical modeling of a rotary vacuum washer used for pulp washing: a case study of a lab scale washer VK Kukreja, AK Ray Cellulose Chemistry & Technology 43 (1), 25 , 2009 2009 Citations: 20
Survey of Hermite interpolating polynomials for the solution of differential equations A Kumari, VK Kukreja Mathematics 11 (14), 3157 , 2023 2023 Citations: 17
A robust Hermite spline collocation technique to study generalized Burgers-Huxley equation, generalized Burgers-Fisher equation and Modified Burgers’ equation S Arora, R Jain, VK Kukreja Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science , 2022 2022 Citations: 17
Robust septic Hermite collocation technique for singularly perturbed generalized Hodgkin–Huxley equation A Kumari, VK Kukreja International Journal of Computer Mathematics 99 (5), 909-923 , 2022 2022 Citations: 17
A computationally efficient technique for solving two point boundary value problems in porous media S Arora, SS Dhaliwal, VK Kukreja Applied mathematics and computation 183 (2), 1170-1180 , 2006 2006 Citations: 16
Cubic Hermite collocation method for solving boundary value problems with Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin conditions IA Ganaie, S Arora, VK Kukreja International journal of engineering mathematics 2014 (1), 365209 , 2014 2014 Citations: 15