Design of a cascade based PID controller for load frequency regulation of a multi area hybrid power system Upasana Mohapatra, Anurekha Nayak, Debayani Mishra Indiscon 2025 IEEE 6th India Council International Subsections Conference Proceedings, 2025 This research investigates the development and evaluation of regulation of system frequency based on load variations within a multi area interconnected power system, incorporating diverse energy sources including hydro, steam, solar, and wind. This integration of non-conventional energy introduces uncertainties and variability, making effective frequency regulation a critical challenge. To address this, a novel control strategy PP-(1+FOPID) is proposed and its performance assessed. The outcomes generated from simulation demonstrate that the suggested controller significantly enhances the system’s behavior its ability to remain stable. This study underscores the efficacy of advanced control strategies in maintaining the stability of the system with renewable energy integration.
Challenges and innovations in EV charging infrastructure: A focus on India's path to electrified transportation Sushree Madhusmita Mishra, Anurekha Nayak, Nayan Ranjan Samal, Debayani Mishra Intelligent Computing Techniques and Applications, 2025 The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) represents a crucial shift toward sustainable transportation and a significant opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper provides an in-depth examination of EV charging technologies, focusing on the evolving power supply methods, including alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC), as well as the functions of onboard and offboard chargers In addition to assessing the efficiency and practicality of various charging systems, this study explores the current status of EV charging infrastructure in India, identifying key initiatives, government programs, and private sector contributions to infrastructure expansion. The interoperability standards critical to ensuring compatibility across EVs and charging stations is also discussed in this paper. By addressing challenges such as grid resilience, charging demand forecasting, and energy distribution optimization, this research underscores the potential of EVs not only as transportation solutions but as pivotal elements of a sustainable energy framework. The findings and insights provided aim to guide future infrastructure planning and policy development, laying the groundwork for a resilient and efficient EV ecosystem.
Sensitivity analysis based performance assessment of a MGWO based PID control approach for regulating frequency in an interconnected power system Debayani Mishra, Anurekha Nayak, Manoj Kumar Kar, Nayan Ranjan Samal Intelligent Computing Techniques and Applications, 2025 This study presents a novel approach to frequency management in a three-part thermal power system with varying capacities: the modified grey wolf optimization (MGWO)-designed PID control strategy. In this proposed strategy the main objective adapted here to reduce frequency deviations brought on by step load fluctuations. S The performance of the MGWO-PID control technique is compared to the optimization techniques for adjusting PID settings. Simulation outcomes demonstrate that the MGWO-based approach provides superior system stability and dynamic response compared to traditional optimization techniques. Additionally, sensitivity analysis is conducted by altering the system’s inertia constant to evaluate the robustness of the controller. Findings reveal that even with significant changes in system parameters, the MGWO-PID controller performs effectively without requiring frequent retuning, demonstrating its versatility and resilience for controlling load frequency in networked thermal systems.
A modified differential evolution algorithm for frequency management of interconnected hybrid renewable system Debayani Mishra, Manoj Kumar Maharana, Manoj Kumar Kar, Anurekha Nayak International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 2023 In recent decades, the insufficiency in power production has led to the incorporation of renewable energy sources into microgrid systems. However, ambiguity in the generation of renewable sources and load variation impacts on the system frequency influencing the stable operation of microgrid system. To augment the stable operation of the system an intelligent controller is required for continuous electric power. The implementation of a modified differential evolution (MDE)-based cascaded PIDFN controller using ITAE is proposed in this work. In order to demonstrate the robustness and efficacy of the proposed MDE optimization technique is compared with DE, TLBO, IWO and PSO.MDE-based cascaded PIDFN controller is implemented for governing the frequency in two-area interconnected microgrid system. The system is substantiated over load perturbations, system uncertainties, communication delay and real time data of solar irradiance and wind speed and action of UPFC in MATLAB<sup>®</sup>/SIMULINK environment.
Frequency Management of an Interconnected Power System using Modified Differential Evolution Algorithm Debayani Mishra, Manoj Kumar Maharana, Manoj Kumar Kar, Anurekha Nayak International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2023 In recent decades, microgrid systems have included renewable energy sources due to insufficient power generation. However, uncertainty in the output of renewable sources and load change have an effect on the system frequency, affecting the microgrid's ability to operate reliably. For continuous electric power, an intelligent controller is essential to improve system stability. This paper proposes the construction of a cascaded Modified Differential Evolution (MDE)-based PIDFN controller utilizing ITAE. The suggested MDE tune PIDFN controller is compared to IPD-(1+I) and PI controller to illustrate its robustness and effectiveness. Implementation of an MDE-based cascaded PIDFN controller for frequency regulation in a two-area linked microgrid system. In a MATLAB®/SIMULINK environment, the system is validated across load perturbations, system uncertainties, communication latency, real-time data on solar irradiance and wind speed, and the action of UPFC. The effectiveness of the MDE-PIDFN controller is also analyzed statistically.
Frequency regulation of a RES integrated power system with AC/DC parallel link employing a fuzzy tuned fractional order controller Anurekha Nayak, Manoj Kumar Maharana, Gayadhar Panda International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, 2023 This paper demonstrates the operational efficacy of a newly proposed fuzzy tuned fractional order controller to offer an improved frequency regulation of a multi area renewable energy source (RES) integrated nonlinear power system. The effect of governor dead band nonlinearity and generation rate constraint of hydro and thermal power plants are considered in the system. Moreover, a proposed appropriate High voltage direct current (HVDC) tie line model is incorporated in this work, to verify the frequency deviation. Different test cases are applied to verify the robustness of the controllers on frequency response. The superiority of the proposed controller upon Proportional integral and derivative (PID), fuzzy logic controller and fuzzy PID controller in minimizing frequency deviation has been verified through MATLAB SIMULINK environment.
Modified Differential Evolution Algorithm for Governing Virtual Inertia of an Isolated Microgrid Integrating Electric Vehicles Debayani Mishra, Manoj Kumar Maharana, Manoj Kumar Kar, Anurekha Nayak, Murthy Cherukuri International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 2023 In modern power systems, there is a greater penetration of renewable sources, resulting in the expansion of microgrid. By implementing RES instead of conventional synchronous machines, the system’s overall inertia is significantly reduced. Modern and future power systems must reduce system inertia and keep the frequency at its nominal value since frequency oscillation impacts on the functionality, stability, and resilience of the system. Therefore, creating a stable, scalable, and reliable virtual inertia control system is crucial to effectively minimize the deviations during significant contingencies. Consequently, taking into account the probable issues, the foremost objective of this research work is to improve the dynamic security of an island microgrid through the implementation of a frequency control concept based on virtual inertia control. In the research study, the proposed microgrid system comprises of photovoltaics, wind-generating units, thermal power units, storage units, electric vehicles (EVs), and loads. A cascaded PIDFN controller is optimally designed using a novel metaheuristic modified differential evolution (MDE) algorithm that regulates the frequency based on virtual inertia control. In the MATLAB®/SIMULINK environment, various operating situations such as load variations, RES, and EVs disconnection are investigated, and the performance of the VIC-based MDE controller was compared to that of other controllers based on evolutionary optimization algorithms such as DE and TLBO. The results validate that the recommended virtual inertia control strategy enhances the reliability of the system.
Frequency amelioration of an interconnected microgrid system Debayani Mishra, Manoj Kumar Maharana, Anurekha Nayak Open Engineering, 2022 This article validates the operational effectiveness of a fuzzy-based multistage cascaded proportional integral derivative fractional filter (PIDFN) controller which enhances the frequency regulation of an interconnected islanded microgrid system. The effect of the ambiguous nature of renewable energy resources and test cases concerning different load variations are applied to verify the robustness of the proposed controller. The superiority of the proposed controller upon proportional-integral-derivative (PID), fractional-order PID (FOPID), and Fuzzy FOPID controller in minimizing frequency alteration has been verified through MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
Frequency regulation of a maiden structured power system with integrated renewable energy source by a fuzzy - tuned fractional order controller Anurekha Nayak, Manoj Kumar Maharana, Tarlochan Sidhu, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, Gayadhar Panda Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects, 2022 In this paper, a hybrid fuzzy cascaded fractional order proportional integral-fractional order proportional derivative (FCFOPI-FOPD) controller improves the frequency regulation of a renewable energy source (RES) integrated power system. The frequency response characteristics of a two-area non-linear thermal-hydro-wind model under various operating situations are explored with an emphasis on the extensive usage of renewable energy sources (RES) in modern power systems. The power system in this study is developed using an innovative combination of a standard dynamic model of the steam turbine and the actual physical position of the generation rate constraint in the power plant model. The suggested FCFOPI-FOPD hybrid controller minimizes a power system’s frequency deviation caused by specific differences in the pre-scheduled load. The effectiveness of a proposed FCFOPI-FOPD hybrid controller in alleviating system frequency variations under various perturbations was determined using MATLAB Simulink analysis. Comprehensive results show that the FCFOPI-FOPD hybrid controller outperforms the fuzzy-structured fractional order proportional integral and derivative (FOPID) and the proportional and integral controllers. The results also demonstrate that the proposed controller improves the settling time of frequency variations in area-1, area-2, and tie-line power deviation by 47%, 51%, and 66% compared to the responses obtained with the fuzzy FOPID controller.
Performance assessment of fuzzy logic controller for load frequency control in multi source multi area system International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2019
A metaheuristic algorithm for regulating virtual inertia of a standalone microgrid incorporating electric vehicles D Mishra, MK Maharana, MK Kar, A Nayak, MM Islam, TS Ustun The Journal of Engineering 2024 (5), e12383 , 2024 2024 Citations: 25
A modified differential evolution algorithm for frequency management of interconnected hybrid renewable system D Mishra, MK Maharana, MK Kar, A Nayak International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 14 (3), 1711-1721 , 2023 2023 Citations: 14
Frequency management of an interconnected power system using modified differential evolution algorithm D Mishra, MK Maharana, MK Kar, A Nayak International Journal of Renewable Energy Resources 13 (2), 515-525 , 2023 2023 Citations: 13
Frequency regulation of a RES integrated power system with AC/DC parallel link employing a fuzzy tuned fractional order controller A Nayak, MK Maharana, G Panda International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 24 (2), 129-142 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Frequency analysis of hybrid renewable energy system considering AC/DC parallel link using a modified differential evolution cascaded controller D Mishra, MK Maharana, A Nayak, MK Kar International Symposium on Sustainable Energy and Technological Advancements … , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Modified Differential Evolution algorithm for governing virtual inertia of an isolated microgrid integrating electric vehicles D Mishra, MK Maharana, MK Kar, A Nayak, M Cherukuri International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (1), 8950650 , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
Frequency regulation of a maiden structured power system with integrated renewable energy source by a fuzzy-tuned fractional order controller A Nayak, MK Maharana, T Sidhu, S Padmanaban, G Panda Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 44 … , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
Frequency amelioration of an interconnected microgrid system D Mishra, MK Maharana, A Nayak Open Engineering 12 (1), 349-358 , 2022 2022 Citations: 7
Frequency alleviation in an AC Microgrid using Fuzzy-PI controller D Mishra, A Nayak, MK Maharana 2021 1st International Conference on Power Electronics and Energy (ICPEE), 1-4 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Load Frequency Control of a Hybrid System by Using Fuzzy Logic Gain Scaling Technique A Nayak, D Mishra, MK Maharana International Conference on Emerging Trends and Advances in Electrical … , 2020 2020 Citations: 1
Performance Assessment of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Load Frequency Control in multi source multi area system A Nayak, MK Maharana International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) 9 (4), 1597-1605 , 2019 2019 Citations: 7
Load Frequency Control of MSMA Hydro Thermal System using Tuned PI Controller A Nayak, M kumar Maharana 2018 International Conference on Recent Innovations in Electrical … , 2018 2018
Tuning of PID controller to maintain load frequency for hybrid power system A Nayak, MK Maharana 2017 International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry … , 2017 2017 Citations: 11
Synthesis of polyphtalaldehyde-based block copolymers: utilization of a thermo-sacrificial segment for an easy access to fine-tuned poly (3-hexylthiophene) nanostructured films J De Winter, M Surin, N Hergue, N Delbosc, R Lazzaroni, P Dubois, ... Macromolecules 49 , 2016 2016
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
A metaheuristic algorithm for regulating virtual inertia of a standalone microgrid incorporating electric vehicles D Mishra, MK Maharana, MK Kar, A Nayak, MM Islam, TS Ustun The Journal of Engineering 2024 (5), e12383 , 2024 2024 Citations: 25
A modified differential evolution algorithm for frequency management of interconnected hybrid renewable system D Mishra, MK Maharana, MK Kar, A Nayak International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 14 (3), 1711-1721 , 2023 2023 Citations: 14
Frequency management of an interconnected power system using modified differential evolution algorithm D Mishra, MK Maharana, MK Kar, A Nayak International Journal of Renewable Energy Resources 13 (2), 515-525 , 2023 2023 Citations: 13
Modified Differential Evolution algorithm for governing virtual inertia of an isolated microgrid integrating electric vehicles D Mishra, MK Maharana, MK Kar, A Nayak, M Cherukuri International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (1), 8950650 , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
Tuning of PID controller to maintain load frequency for hybrid power system A Nayak, MK Maharana 2017 International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry … , 2017 2017 Citations: 11
Frequency regulation of a maiden structured power system with integrated renewable energy source by a fuzzy-tuned fractional order controller A Nayak, MK Maharana, T Sidhu, S Padmanaban, G Panda Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 44 … , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
Frequency amelioration of an interconnected microgrid system D Mishra, MK Maharana, A Nayak Open Engineering 12 (1), 349-358 , 2022 2022 Citations: 7
Performance Assessment of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Load Frequency Control in multi source multi area system A Nayak, MK Maharana International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER) 9 (4), 1597-1605 , 2019 2019 Citations: 7
Frequency analysis of hybrid renewable energy system considering AC/DC parallel link using a modified differential evolution cascaded controller D Mishra, MK Maharana, A Nayak, MK Kar International Symposium on Sustainable Energy and Technological Advancements … , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
Frequency regulation of a RES integrated power system with AC/DC parallel link employing a fuzzy tuned fractional order controller A Nayak, MK Maharana, G Panda International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 24 (2), 129-142 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Frequency alleviation in an AC Microgrid using Fuzzy-PI controller D Mishra, A Nayak, MK Maharana 2021 1st International Conference on Power Electronics and Energy (ICPEE), 1-4 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Load Frequency Control of a Hybrid System by Using Fuzzy Logic Gain Scaling Technique A Nayak, D Mishra, MK Maharana International Conference on Emerging Trends and Advances in Electrical … , 2020 2020 Citations: 1
Load Frequency Control of MSMA Hydro Thermal System using Tuned PI Controller A Nayak, M kumar Maharana 2018 International Conference on Recent Innovations in Electrical … , 2018 2018
Synthesis of polyphtalaldehyde-based block copolymers: utilization of a thermo-sacrificial segment for an easy access to fine-tuned poly (3-hexylthiophene) nanostructured films J De Winter, M Surin, N Hergue, N Delbosc, R Lazzaroni, P Dubois, ... Macromolecules 49 , 2016 2016
