Structural analysis and antimicrobial assessment of bioinspired silver nanoparticles from Ferula communis Yasmeen M. G. Alshamari, Hamad Z. Alkhathlan, Ponmurugan Karuppiah, Mujeeb Khan, Ekram Y. Danish, Ahmad Aqel, Syed Farooq Adil, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Merajuddin Khan Scientific Reports, 2026 The green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts has garnered significant interest from scientists worldwide due to its advantages over traditional chemical processes. This method is rapid, eco-friendly, non-toxic, and cost-effective. The current study focuses on preparing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Ferula communis extract as a green reducing agent. During the study, various parameters were evaluated to study their effect on the shape, size, and yield of the AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were thoroughly characterized using multiple techniques, confirming the production of crystalline, spherical-shaped NPs, while the plant extract served as the reducing agent. GC-MS analysis was performed to identify the key phytochemicals responsible for reducing silver salts, as well as to characterize the entire phytochemical spectrum present in the F. communis extract. This analysis revealed a total of 67 compounds, with stigmasterol, pentadecanoic acid, (5E, 9Z)-farnesyl acetone, and pentyl decanoates being the most predominant, possibly playing crucial roles in the synthesis of AgNPs. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the AgNPs against various bacterial and fungal strains was investigated. The results showed that Staphylococcus aureus exhibited the largest inhibition zone (10.05 ± 0.05 mm), followed by Escherichia coli (9.25 ± 0.05 mm), Candida albicans (8.70 ± 0.05 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.50 ± 0.20 mm), Aspergillus niger (8.45 ± 0.00 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.15 ± 0.50 mm), and Bacillus subtilis (7.55 ± 0.20 mm). The plant extract was also tested against the same microbial pathogens; however, it only displayed an inhibitory effect against E. coli, with an inhibition zone of 6.50 ± 0.10 mm. These results indicate that the synergistic effect between AgNPs and the residual phytoconstituents on the surface of the NPs plays a significant role in enhancing the antimicrobial properties of the resulting material.
Structural, spectroscopic characterization, solvent effect, topological aspects, and biological investigation of abietane diterpene pisiferic acid R. Vijayan, A. Ram Kumar, Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad, S. Selvaraj, Uma Eswaranpillai, Manikandan Rajendran, Ponmurugan Karuppiah, Sivaprakash Gurusamy, Ramalingam Karthik Raja Next Materials, 2026 In recent decades, plant-based metabolites have gained prominence in the pharmaceutical and food industries. In this present investigation, pisiferic acid (PA) an abietane diterpene acid with a chemical formula of C 20 H 28 O 3, has been characterized using combined theoretical and experimental approaches to detail its spectroscopic, structural, topological, reactive site prediction, biological interactions, and solvent effects on its frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), electronic spectra, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis. The optimized molecular structure comprises 53 bond distances and 101 bond angles. The vibrational wavenumbers revealed the characteristic peaks associated with hydroxyl, methine, carbonyl, methyl, and methylene groups. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap values are calculated at 5.3745 eV (Gas), 5.371 eV (Ethanol), 5.3699 eV (Water), 5.375 eV (Chloroform), and 5.3773 eV (Toluene). The electrophilic and nucleophilic reactive sites within the molecular structure were confirmed with the Mulliken charge distribution and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis. The topological finding reveals that the hydrogens H42 linked to carbon C18 in the meta position relative to the O3-H45 hydroxyl group and H27 in the CH 2 methylene group were highlighted in red, indicating increased electron density or localized electron regions. In ADMET prediction, pisiferic acid exhibits drug-likeness characteristics. In addition, the molecular docking against antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL with a binding affinity of −6.77 and −6.68 Kcal/mol, supporting its antiapoptotic characteristics. • The theoretical and experimental spectroscopic features of Pisiferic acid were investigated. • The solvent impact on electronic spectra and FMO was investigated. • The Mulliken and MEP analyses reveal electron-rich and electron-poor regions. • The ELF and LOL reveal the delocalized and localized regions. • The molecular docking confirms the antagonist characteristics towards antiapoptotic proteins.
Development of Graphene Oxide Reinforced Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Mesoporous Polyurethane Film Derived From Corn Oil: A Sustainable Approach Manawwer Alam, Naser M. Alandis, Ashfaq Ahmad, Mukhtar Ahmed, Ponmurugan Karuppiah Polymer Composites, 2026 This work reports the sustainable synthesis of free‐standing organic–inorganic hybrid polyurethane nanocomposite films (COIHPU@GO) derived from corn oil diol fatty amide and reinforced with graphene oxide (GO). The study aims to replace petroleum‐based polymers with environmentally friendly materials for antimicrobial packaging, biomedical scaffolds, and protective coatings. The novelty lies in the first utilization of corn oil–based diol fatty amide (soft segment) with hexamethylene diisocyanate (hard segment) and tetraethoxy orthosilicate for the fabrication of GO‐dispersed hybrid polyurethane films. The films were synthesized via a one‐pot process and characterized by FTIR, XPS, XRD, SEM, TEM, and BET analyses. GO incorporation significantly enhanced tensile strength (from ~25 to ~40 MPa), thermal stability ( T g : 55°C → 72°C), and hydrophobicity (contact angle: 73° → 90°), while providing vigorous antibacterial and antifungal activity. These renewable hybrid films exhibit improved mechanical, thermal, and biological properties, offering societal benefits by reducing environmental impact and supporting sustainable material innovation.
Polyherbal Extracts as Antibacterial Agents: Phytochemical Profiling, MIC Assessment and in silico Targeting of Resistance Proteins K.S. Shanmugam, Ramkumar Lakshmanan, Ponmurugan Karuppiah, Manivannan Govindasamy, Jagadeesan Ramasamy Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2026 This research explores the use of polyherbal extracts from Eclipta prostrata, E. alba and Tridax procumbens as a potent antibacterial solution, reflecting their significant role in contemporary medicine. Through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, 45 distinct chemical compounds were identified in the ethanol extract, with the ethyl acetate extract revealing 35 different compounds. The chemical profiles of these compounds revealed substantial structural diversity and several demonstrated noteworthy antibacterial potential. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against various bacterial strains indicated effective antibacterial activity, particularly against E. coli and P. mirabilis, with MICs as low as 6.25 µg/mL. The study emphasized three compounds, including 6-acetyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl) purine, for their potential in drug development, attributed to their chemical properties such as the ability to form hydrogen bonds and favourable solubility and lipophilicity. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of polyherbal formulations, highlighting their value in addressing bacterial infections. The docking study demonstrates that 6-(3-fluorobenzylamino) purine exhibits a strong affinity towards ompC, murA and ESBL proteins through various interactions, indicating its potential as an inhibitory agent against drug-resistant proteins in the Enterobacteriaceae family. The positive docking scores across different proteins and interaction types underscore the compound’s versatility and potential effectiveness in combating antibiotic resistance. Further research could validate these in silico findings and explore the clinical applicability of such compounds in treating drug-resistant infections.
Microalgae derived bioactive compounds and their biological activities and sustainable applications: A review Govindasamy Manivannan, Mohan Kumar Nivaedhitha, Karuppiah Ponmurugan, Subramanian Abinaya, Eswaranpillai Uma Research Journal of Biotechnology, 2025 Microalgae, considered as the foundation of aquatic ecosystems, had emerged as promising candidates for a wide range of sustainable applications. This review explores their diverse roles across environmental, industrial and biomedical sectors, emphasizing their unique physicochemical properties and rich metabolic profile. Microalgae produce a variety of bioactive compounds including proteins, lipids, pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoids, phycocyanin), polysaccharides, vitamins and minerals. Microalgal derived compounds exhibit significant biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-obesity and anticancer effects, offering potential for therapeutic and nutraceutical development. Particular focus is placed on their role in renewable energy, as microalgae serve as feedstocks for biofuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, biocrude oil and biohydrogen due to their high lipid content and rapid biomass productivity. Despite their promising potential, several limitations hinder large-scale industrial application including high production costs, energy-intensive harvesting processes and the need for optimized cultivation systems. Advances in genetic engineering, metabolic pathway optimization and biorefinery integration are being explored to overcome these challenges. This review also outlines future directions for enhancing microalgae utilization through technological innovation, interdisciplinary collaborations and supportive policies. Microalgae represent a multifunctional and sustainable biological resource with transformative potential in green technologies, renewable energy, environmental remediation and human health, making a key component in addressing global sustainability challenges.
Innovative drug delivery systems in cardiovascular therapeutics Selvanayaki Krishnasamy, Ponmurugan Karuppiah, Mythili Ravichandran, Indumathi Shanmugam, Shanmugam Kuppanan Sengodan Therapeutic Plants Recent Advances in the Use of Herbs as Alternative Medications, 2025
Biocompatibility and safety of nanobiomaterials Prabhakarn Arunachalam, Ponmurugan Karuppiah, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi Handbook on Nanobiomaterials for Therapeutics and Diagnostic Applications, 2021
Production of L-glutamic acid with corynebacterium glutamicum (NCIM 2168) and pseudomonas reptilivora (NCIM 2598): A study on immobilization and reusability Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology, 2014
Screening selection identification production and optimization of Bacterial Lipase from oil spilled soil Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2013
Biological activities of plant growth promoting Azotobacter sp. isolated from vegetable crops rhizosphere soils Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2012
Microbial synthesis of selinium nanocomposite using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its antimicrobial activity against pathogens causing nosocomial infection Chalcogenide Letters, 2012
Structural, spectroscopic characterization, solvent effect, topological aspects, and biological investigation of abietane diterpene pisiferic acid R Vijayan, AR Kumar, AH Hirad, S Selvaraj, U Eswaranpillai, ... Next Materials 12, 101973 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Sustainable Immunobiotics: Characterization and Therapeutic Efficacy of Anti-E. coli IgY for Bovine Mastitis Management ST Mahenthiran Ramasamy, S. Nimithap, Muthukrishnan Pallikondaperumal ... International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering 12 (3), 6128-6140 , 2026 2026
Biosynthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Derived from Tridax procumbens M Govindasamy, L Palani, P Karuppiah, ST Gopukumar, A Rajaiah, ... Biomedical Materials & Devices, 1-18 , 2026 2026 Citations: 2
Value-Adding Agricultural Products by Microbial Intervention KJ Thayalan, P Karuppiah, U Eswaranpillai, S Rajaram, M Govindsamy, ... Harnessing Microbial Resources for Sustainable Agriculture, 375-409 , 2026 2026
Predictive Modeling in Pest Dynamics: Forecasting Infestations with AI KJ Thayalan, M Govindasamy, S Shanmugam, P Karuppiah, ... Advancements in Entomology: Bridging Forensic Science and Sustainable … , 2026 2026
Development of Graphene Oxide Reinforced Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Mesoporous Polyurethane Film Derived From Corn Oil: A Sustainable Approach M Alam, NM Alandis, A Ahmad, M Ahmed, P Karuppiah Polymer Composites , 2026 2026
Network Biology of Respiratory Diseases R Karmakar, D Gunsola, D Mitra, VB Mandaliya, A Thakur, A Assefa, ... Next-Generation Bioinformatics for Pulmonary Disease Research, 205-232 , 2026 2026
Structural analysis and antimicrobial assessment of bioinspired silver nanoparticles from Ferula communis YMG Alshamari, HZ Alkhathlan, P Karuppiah, M Khan, EY Danish, A Aqel, ... Scientific Reports , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Microalgae derived bioactive compounds and their biological activities and sustainable applications: A review M Govindasamy, NM Kumar, P Karuppiah, A Subramanian Research Journal of Biotechnology Vol 20, 12 , 2025 2025
Polymicrobial Infections and Rising Resistance in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Clinical Implications for Antibiotic Management N Bhaumik, VR Anjana, R Jaganathan, N Balasubramanian, ... KIDNEYS 14 (4), 356-367 , 2025 2025
Synergistic Effects of Cronobacter sp. BR4 and Date Palm Biochar on Salt-Stressed Tomato Physiology KB Muhanna, M Tarroum, F Al-Qurainy, A Al-hashimi, S Khan, AM Salih, ... Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 1-20 , 2025 2025
Effectiveness of image-based classifiers for on-site identification of lichens in reserved forest EBTS Karthikumar Sankar, M. Chengathir Selvi, R. Shyam Kumar, Ponmurugan ... Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 239, 110994 , 2025 2025
Exploring lichen-derived compounds as potential anti-cervical cancer agents: an DFT and MD simulation analysis B Murugesan, B Somasundram, G Samykannu, P Karuppiah, ... In Silico Pharmacology 13 (2), 114 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Novel Al (OH) 3 and Ti/Fe@ Al (OH) 3 nano catalyzed of N-(3-((E)-3-(4-Adamant-1-yl)-phenyl) acryloyl) phenyl) quinoline-2-carboxamide Synthesis and its Molecular Docking … C Thirumurugan, R Thirumalaisamy, A Lalitha, P Vadivel, K Ameer, ... Chemical Physics Impact 10, 100886 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Sustainable valorization of food waste through bacterial biofilm: a pathway towards environmental safety and economic viability A Ganguly, R Konar, P Karuppiah, U Eswaranpillai, M Ganguly, ... Biofilm applications to revolutionize food technology, 293-307 , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
Therapeutic plants: recent advances in the use of herbs as alternative medications VVS Uddandrao, G Saravanan Bentham Science Publishers , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Exploration of Metabolomics of Plants for Drug Design Using In Silico Studies S Krishnasamy, M Ravichandran, P Karuppiah, SK Sengodan Therapeutic Plants: Recent Advances in the Use of Herbs as Alternative … , 2025 2025
Innovative Drug Delivery Systems in Cardiovascular Therapeutics S Krishnasamy, P Karuppiah, M Ravichandran, I Shanmugam, ... Therapeutic Plants: Recent Advances in the Use of Herbs as Alternative … , 2025 2025
Bio-Control Agents: A Sustainable Approach for Enhancing Soil Nutrients Use Efficiency in Farming U Karuppiah, P., Thayalan, K.J., Thangam, G.S., Eswaranpillai Bio-control Agents for Sustainable Agriculture, 209-260 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Bioactive Hydrogels (Bio‐HyGs): Emerging Trends in Drug Delivery and Wound Healing Applications N Thirumalaivasan, K Kanagaraj, S Nangan, R Pothu, SP Rajendra, ... Polymers for Advanced Technologies 36 (4), e70132 , 2025 2025 Citations: 36
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Environment friendly, renewable and sustainable poly lactic acid (PLA) based natural fiber reinforced composites–A comprehensive review G Rajeshkumar, SA Seshadri, GL Devnani, MR Sanjay, S Siengchin, ... Journal of Cleaner Production 310, 127483 , 2021 2021 Citations: 699
Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles M Ahamed, HA Alhadlaq, MA Khan, P Karuppiah, NA Al-Dhabi Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (637858), 4 pages , 2014 2014 Citations: 655
Development and validation of ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction of phenolic compounds from waste spent coffee grounds NA Al-Dhabi, K Ponmurugan, PM Jeganathan Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 34, 206-213 , 2017 2017 Citations: 429
Antibacterial effect of Allium sativum cloves and Zingiber officinale rhizomes against multiple-drug resistant clinical pathogens P Karuppiah, S Rajaram Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2 (8), 597-601 , 2012 2012 Citations: 416
Microbial synthesis of selenium nanocomposite using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its antimicrobial activity against pathogens causing nosocomial infection H Hariharan, N Al-Harbi, P Karuppiah, S Rajaram Chalcogenide Letters 9 (12), 509-515 , 2012 2012 Citations: 170
Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Musa sp. leaf extracts against multidrug resistant clinical pathogens causing nosocomial infection P Karuppiah, M Mustaffa Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 3 (9), 737-742 , 2013 2013 Citations: 167
Screening selection identification production and optimization of bacterial lipase from oil spilled soil M Veerapagu, AS Narayanan, K Ponmurugan, KR Jeya Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Clinical Research 6 (3), 62-67 , 2013 2013 Citations: 157
Ultrasound assisted citric acid mediated pectin extraction from industrial waste of Musa balbisiana JP Maran, B Priya, NA Al-Dhabi, K Ponmurugan, IG Moorthy, ... Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 35 (Part A), 204-209 , 2017 2017 Citations: 156
Influence of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Morphological Behaviour of Phoenix sp. Fiber/Epoxy Composites G Rajeshkumar, V Hariharan, S Indran, MR Sanjay, S Siengchin, ... Journal of Polymers and the Environment 29 (3), 765-774 , 2021 2021 Citations: 144
Antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants against multiple antibiotic resistant uropathogens: a study from Kolli Hills, Tamil Nadu, India AS Narayanan, SSS Raja, K Ponmurugan, SC Kandekar, ... Beneficial Microbes 2 (3), 235-244 , 2011 2011 Citations: 142
Characterization of novel natural cellulosic fibers from purple bauhinia for potential reinforcement in polymer composites G Rajeshkumar, GL Devnani, JP Maran, MR Sanjay, S Siengchin, ... Cellulose 28 (9), 5373-5385 , 2021 2021 Citations: 107
Microwave assisted extraction and characterization of polysaccharide from waste jamun fruit seeds NA Al-Dhabi, K Ponmurugan International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 152, 1157-1163 , 2020 2020 Citations: 103
Ultrasound assisted pectic polysaccharide extraction and its characterization from waste heads of Helianthus annus K Ponmurugan, NA Al-Dhabi, JP Maran, K Karthikeyan, IG Moothy, ... Carbohydrate Polymers 173, 707-713 , 2017 2017 Citations: 102
Bioactivity assessment of the Saudi Arabian Marine Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi-90, metabolic profiling and its in vitro inhibitory property against multidrug resistant and … NA Al-Dhabi, AKM Ghilan, GA Esmail, MV Arasu, V Duraipandiyan, ... Journal of Infection and Public Health 12 (4), 549-556 , 2019 2019 Citations: 93
Identification and characterization of Lactobacillus brevis P68 with antifungal, antioxidant and probiotic functional properties MV Arasu, NA Al-Dhabi, TS Rejiniemon, KD Lee, VAJ Huxley, DH Kim, ... Indian Journal of Microbiology 55 (1), 19-28 , 2015 2015 Citations: 91
Emerging antineoplastic gold nanomaterials for cervical cancer therapeutics: a systematic review H Barabadi, H Vahidi, MA Mahjoub, Z Kosar, K Damavandi Kamali, ... Journal of Cluster Science 31 (6), 1173-1184 , 2020 2020 Citations: 87
Prosopis juliflora hydrothermal synthesis of high fluorescent carbon dots and its antibacterial and bioimaging applications KRSV Nadarajan Prathap, Putrakumar Balla, Muthugoundar Subramanian ... Scientific Reports 13, 9676 , 2023 2023 Citations: 81
Characterization and fermentation optimization of novel thermo stable alkaline protease from Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi-82 from the Saudi Arabian environment for eco-friendly … NA Al-Dhabi, GA Esmail, AKM Ghilan, MV Arasu, V Duraipandiyan, ... Journal of King Saud University-Science 32 (1), 1258-1264 , 2020 2020 Citations: 79
Cytotoxic and antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles synthesized using a traditional phytoproduct, asafoetida gum S Devanesan, K Ponmurugan, MS AlSalhi, NA Al-Dhabi International Journal of Nanomedicine, 4351-4362 , 2020 2020 Citations: 78
Isolation and purification of starch hydrolysing amylase from Streptomyces sp. Al-Dhabi-46 obtained from the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia with industrial applications NA Al-Dhabi, GA Esmail, AKM Ghilan, MV Arasu, V Duraipandiyan, ... Journal of King Saud University-Science 32 (1), 1226-1232 , 2020 2020 Citations: 75