Real-time welding defect classification using peak count analysis of current signals with statistical validation Afidatusshimah Mazlan, Hamdan Daniyal, Mohd Herwan Sulaiman, Mahadzir Ishak Engineering Research Express, 2025 Welding is a critical process in heavy industries such as construction, automotive, and oil and gas, where weld quality directly impacts structural performance and safety. Traditional non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, although effective, are often labour-intensive, costly, and reliant on operator expertise. This study investigates an alternative approach using real-time monitoring of welding current signals to identify defects based on peak count variations. Under controlled laboratory conditions, welding current signals were captured and segmented into 1 mm intervals for detailed analysis. Statistical evaluation using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc tests in R Studio revealed significant differences in peak distributions across various defect types. Good welds consistently exhibited 8–17 peaks per segment, while defects such as Lack of Penetration (LOP), Lack of Fusion (LOF), Burn-through, and Excess Weld displayed distinctive peak count deviations. These results confirm that peak count analysis is a statistically significant and reliable metric for real-time weld quality assessment. The findings lay the foundation for future development of intelligent welding systems capable of automated defect detection and adaptive process control.
Calibrating a COVID-19 System Dynamics Model with Multi-Country Cases to Enhance Model Validity Aisyah Ibrahim, Hamdan Daniyal, Tuty Asmawaty Abdul Kadir, Roderick H. MacDonald Proceeding 2025 IEEE 9th International Conference on Software Engineering and Computer Systems Advancements in Next Generation Intelligent Solution Icsecs 2025, 2025 Validating System Dynamics (SD) models has been a serious concern for many years. To address this issue, this study presents the validation of an SD model of COVID-19 using empirical data from multiple countries to assess both its structural and behavioural validity. The model was developed in Vensim DSS and manually calibrated to evaluate its performance against realworld data cases across five European countries: Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, and Hungary, which represent diverse outbreak contexts. The results indicate that the model successfully replicates the trends of the COVID-19 outbreak in each country, providing strong evidence of the model’s structural soundness, robustness and its capacity to adapt across diverse yet comparable contexts. Thus, uncertainty surrounding both the model’s structure and behaviour is reduced. The future implications of this study suggest that the model can support broader scenario testing and provide a foundation for future applications in other regions where validation across multiple cases is required.
Particle Swarm Optimization Based Proportional-Integral Online-Tuning by Fuzzy Logic Controller (PSOFLC-PI) for Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Different Load Scenarios Ying Foo Leong, Nur Huda Ramlan, Suliana Ab-Ghani, Hamdan Daniyal IEEE 8th International Conference on Electrical Control and Computer Engineering Inecce 2025 Proceedings, 2025 This research focuses on the 5-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHMI), utilizing a proposed controller known as PSOFLC-PI. The exact management of the multilevel inverter's (MLI) output voltage during load changes while satisfying the voltage harmonic and transition requirements—the voltage limit suggested by IEC and THD by IEEE—is the difficulty this study attempts to address. To solve this problem, PSO and FLC are integrated to ensure accurate and steady output voltage regulation while dynamically adjusting the controller in real-time tuning. MATLAB/Simulink is used to build and simulate the suggested controller, and under different load scenarios, its performance is contrasted with that of traditional PI and PSO-based PI controllers. In a variety of load scenarios, such as nominal load, no load to full load, and nonlinear load, the findings show that the PSOFLC-PI controller greatly improves output voltage regulation, reaching the intended peak voltage, minimal THD and satisfactory settling time.
Short-Time Fourier Transform and Neural Network Analysis for Welding Defect Classification Based on Current Signal Features Afidatusshimah Mazlan, Mahadzir Ishak Mohammad, Hamdan Daniyal, Mohd Herwan Sulaimani, Siti Dhamirah'Izzati Damni IEEE 8th International Conference on Electrical Control and Computer Engineering Inecce 2025 Proceedings, 2025 Welding quality plays a critical role in ensuring structural integrity and safety across manufacturing industries. This study introduces a signal-based approach for classifying welding defects by analyzing welding current signals using time-frequency analysis. The Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) was applied to extract five key frequencydomain features: peak frequency, spectral entropy, frequency centroid, mean power, and standard power spectrogram. These features were statistically validated using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc analysis, confirming significant differences between good welds and multiple defect types. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifier was developed and tested across five hidden layer configurations. The highest classification accuracy of 72.82% was achieved using five hidden neurons. However, the model demonstrated low performance in minority defect classes, with a precision of 7.30%, recall of 10.00%, and F1-score of 8.44%. These findings underscore the potential of combining STFT-based features with ANN for welding defect classification, while also highlighting limitations related to class imbalance and feature representation.
Short-Term forecasting of floating photovoltaic power generation using machine learning models Mohd Herwan Sulaiman, Mohd Shawal Jadin, Zuriani Mustaffa, Mohd Nurulakla Mohd Azlan, Hamdan Daniyal Cleaner Energy Systems, 2024 • Accurate forecasting of FPV power generation is critical for operational efficiency. • This study explores machine learning models for predicting FPV power generation. • Data from UMPSA solar installation are used for training and testing. • Neural Networks model achieves the highest predictive accuracy. • Results enhance FPV power generation's operational efficiency and grid integration. Floating photovoltaic (FPV) power generation requires accurate short-term forecasting to optimize operational efficiency and enhance grid integration. This study investigates the application of machine learning models for predicting FPV power generation using data from the Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA) solar installation, which has a capacity of 157.20 kWp. Data were collected at 15-minute intervals from January 15 to January 21, 2024, encompassing nine input features such as ambient temperature, transient horizontal irradiation, daily horizontal irradiation, AC voltages, and AC currents for phases A, B, and C, with the total active power in kW as the target variable. The dataset was divided into a training set (first five days) and a testing set (remaining two days), and five machine learning models—Neural Networks (NN), Random Forest (RF), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)—were employed. The results indicate that the Neural Networks model consistently outperforms the other machine learning algorithms in terms of predictive accuracy. These findings underscore the efficacy of machine learning techniques in forecasting FPV power generation, which has significant implications for enhancing the operational efficiency and grid integration of floating solar installations.
Hand Calibration with Limited Data As the Initial Step Towards System Dynamics Model Validation for COVID-19 Case in Malaysia Aisyah Ibrahim, Tuty Asmawaty Abdul Kadir, Roderick H. MacDonald, Hamdan Daniyal 8th International Conference on Software Engineering and Computer Systems Icsecs 2023, 2023 This paper presents the manual calibration effort for the System Dynamics (SD) COVID-19 model for Malaysia. This study aims to develop a COVID-19 SD model based on the COVID-19 scenario in Malaysia. The SD model consisted of nine compartments and was adapted based on a standard disease SEIR model using Vensim software. While the development of the model is still ongoing, an initial validation was carried out between ‘Actively Infected’ and the case data gathered from the Malaysia Ministry of Health's official COVID-19 websites. During this period, the parameters were manually adjusted by hand to align the model's output with the actual data. The expected outcome was not easy to achieve, but the result was acceptable. It is important to note that the lack of such strategies may compromise the model's validity due to uncertainty. This paper also discusses the challenges posed by hand calibration, the lessons learned during this work, and the potential future implications of this work.
Evolutionary mating algorithm Mohd Herwan Sulaiman, Zuriani Mustaffa, Mohd Mawardi Saari, Hamdan Daniyal, Seyedali Mirjalili Neural Computing and Applications, 2023
Components for COVID19 Outbreak Control Model: A System Dynamics Perspective Aisyah Ibrahim, Tuty Asmawaty Abdul Kadir, Hamdan Daniyal, Adzhar Kamaludin Proceedings 2021 International Conference on Software Engineering and Computer Systems and 4th International Conference on Computational Science and Information Management Icsecs Icocsim 2021, 2021
Particle swarm optimization strategy to increase efficiency of dual active bridge Dc-Dc converter International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2020
A Real-time Simulation Platform for Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm Study in Solar Photovoltaic System Applications of Modelling and Simulation, 2019
Barnacles Mating Optimizer Algorithm for Optimization Mohd Herwan Sulaiman, Zuriani Mustaffa, Mohd Mawardi Saari, Hamdan Daniyal, Ahmad Johari Mohamad, Mohd Rizal Othman, Mohd Rusllim Mohamed Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2019
Binary Search Algorithm-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic System under Partial Shaded Conditions 2018 20th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications EPE 2018 Ecce Europe, 2018
Hybrid fuzzy-PID bidirectional speed controller for BLDC with seamless speed reversal using direct commutation switching scheme Journal of Telecommunication Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2018
Application of moth-flame optimizer and ant lion optimizer to solve optimal reactive power dispatch problems Journal of Telecommunication Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2018
An optimized PID parameters for LFC in interconnected power systems using MLSL optimization algorithm Arpn Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2016
Numerical investigation on serpentine flow field and rhombus electrolyte compartment of vanadium redox flow battery (V-RFB) Arpn Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2016
Control of dc motor external resistor starter by using armature current decay sensing technique Arpn Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2016
Comparative study of p&o and modified incremental conductance algorithm in solar maximum power point tracking Iet Conference Publications, 2016
Comparing current control methods using an active power filter application as the benchmark 2008 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference Aupec 2008, 2008
Experimental verification of the linear current transformer model 2008 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference Aupec 2008, 2008
Performance analysis of moth flame optimization (MFO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) direct tuning for high accuracy dual active bridge converter SA Ghani, D Chandran, LY Foo, H Daniyal, N Jaalam, NM Saad, ... AIP Conference Proceedings 3349 (1), 040009 , 2025 2025
Calibrating a COVID-19 System Dynamics Model with Multi-Country Cases to Enhance Model Validity A Ibrahim, H Daniyal, TAA Kadir, RH MacDonald 2025 IEEE 9th International Conference on Software Engineering & Computer … , 2025 2025
Real-time welding defect classification using peak count analysis of current signals with statistical validation A Mazlan, H Daniyal, MH Sulaiman, M Ishak Engineering Research Express 7 (3), 035375 , 2025 2025
Particle Swarm Optimization Based Proportional-Integral Online-Tuning by Fuzzy Logic Controller (PSOFLC-PI) for Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Different Load Scenarios YF Leong, NHRS Ab-Ghani, S Ab-Ghani, H Daniyal 2025 IEEE 8th International Conference on Electrical, Control and Computer … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Short-Time Fourier Transform and Neural Network Analysis for Welding Defect Classification Based on Current Signal Features A Mazlan, MI Mohammad, H Daniyal, MH Sulaimani, SDI Damni 2025 IEEE 8th International Conference on Electrical, Control and Computer … , 2025 2025
Short-term forecasting of floating photovoltaic power generation using machine learning models MH Sulaiman, MS Jadin, Z Mustaffa, MNM Azlan, H Daniyal Cleaner Energy Systems 9, 100137 , 2024 2024 Citations: 19
Short-term forecasting of rooftop retrofitted photovoltaic power generation using machine learning MH Sulaiman, MS Jadin, Z Mustaffa, H Daniyal, MNM Azlan Journal of Building Engineering 94, 109948 , 2024 2024 Citations: 24
Moth flame algorithm-based optimization of a reduced switch multilevel inverter topology suitable for standalone application IH Shanono, NRH Abdullah, H Daniyal, A Muhammad Neural Computing and Applications 36 (16), 9437-9479 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Optimizing performance of a reduced switch multi‐level inverter with moth‐flame algorithm and SHE‐PWM IH Shanono, NRH Abdullah, H Daniyal, A Muhammad The Journal of Engineering 2023 (11), e12281 , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
Hand calibration with limited data as the initial step towards system dynamics model validation for COVID-19 case In Malaysia A Ibrahim, TAA Kadir, RH MacDonald, H Daniyal 2023 IEEE 8th International Conference On Software Engineering and Computer … , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Adaptive online auto-tuning using Particle Swarm optimized PI controller with time-variant approach for high accuracy and speed in Dual Active Bridge converter. S Ab-Ghani, H Daniyal, AZ Ahmad, N Jaalam, NM Saad, NH Ramlan, ... AIMS Electronics & Electrical Engineering 7 (2) , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Evolutionary mating algorithm MH Sulaiman, Z Mustaffa, MM Saari, H Daniyal, S Mirjalili Neural Computing and Applications 35 (1), 487-516 , 2023 2023 Citations: 99
Dynamic control and performance of dual active bridge converter based particle swarm optimization S Ab-Ghani, H Daniyal, N Jaalam, NM Saad, NH Ramlan IET Conference Proceedings CP808 2022 (22), 312-316 , 2022 2022 Citations: 4
Selective Harmonic Elimination Using MFO for a Reduced Switch Multi-Level Inverter Topology IH Shanono, NRH Abdullah, H Daniyal, A Muhammad 2022 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics & Applications (ISIEA), 1-6 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Time-Variant Online Auto-Tuned PI Controller Using PSO Algorithm for High Accuracy Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter S Ab-Ghani, H Daniyal, N Jaalam, NH Ramlan, NM Saad 2022 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent … , 2022 2022 Citations: 3
A High Accuracy Control of Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter Using PSO Online Direct Tuning S Ab-Ghani, H Daniyal, NH Ramlan, NM Saad, MC Tiong Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical, Control and … , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Moth Flame Optimization Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shaded Conditions MC Tiong, H Daniyal, MH Sulaiman, MS Bakar Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Electrical, Control and … , 2022 2022
A Book Review on Fifty Strategies to Boost Cognitive Engagement MS Bakar, AA Bakar, H Daniyal Asean Journal of Engineering Education 5 (2) , 2021 2021
Comparative study of P and modified incremental conductance algorithm in solar maximum power point tracking H Daniyal 4th IET Clean Energy and Technology Conference (CEAT 2016) , 2021 2021
Components for COVID19 outbreak control model: A system dynamics perspective A Ibrahim, TAA Kadir, H Daniyal, A Kamaludin 2021 International Conference on Software Engineering & Computer Systems and … , 2021 2021 Citations: 3
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Barnacles mating optimizer: a new bio-inspired algorithm for solving engineering optimization problems MH Sulaiman, Z Mustaffa, MM Saari, H Daniyal Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 87, 103330 , 2020 2020 Citations: 482
Optimal reactive power dispatch solution by loss minimization using moth-flame optimization technique RNS Mei, MH Sulaiman, Z Mustaffa, H Daniyal Applied Soft Computing 59, 210-222 , 2017 2017 Citations: 275
Evolutionary mating algorithm MH Sulaiman, Z Mustaffa, MM Saari, H Daniyal, S Mirjalili Neural Computing and Applications 35 (1), 487-516 , 2023 2023 Citations: 99
Comparative study of P&O and modified incremental conductance algorithm in solar maximum power point tracking TM Chung, H Daniyal, MH Sulaiman, MS Bakar 4th IET Clean Energy and Technology Conference (CEAT 2016), 1-6 , 2016 2016 Citations: 57
Barnacles mating optimizer: an evolutionary algorithm for solving optimization MH Sulaiman, Z Mustaffa, MM Saari, H Daniyal, I Musirin, MR Daud 2018 IEEE international conference on automatic control and intelligent … , 2018 2018 Citations: 50
An overview on microgrid control strategies MN Ahmed, M Hojabri, AM Humada, HB Daniyal, HF Frayyeh International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 4 (5 … , 2015 2015 Citations: 44
Forward kinematics of 3 degree of freedom delta robot M Mustafa, R Misuari, H Daniyal 2007 5th Student Conference on Research and Development, 1-4 , 2007 2007 Citations: 43
Modified firefly algorithm in solving economic dispatch problems with practical constraints MH Sulaiman, H Daniyal, MW Mustafa 2012 IEEE international conference on power and energy (PECon), 157-161 , 2012 2012 Citations: 40
A new swarm intelligence approach for optimal chiller loading for energy conservation MH Sulaiman, H Ibrahim, H Daniyal, MR Mohamed Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 129, 483-488 , 2014 2014 Citations: 28
Short-term forecasting of rooftop retrofitted photovoltaic power generation using machine learning MH Sulaiman, MS Jadin, Z Mustaffa, H Daniyal, MNM Azlan Journal of Building Engineering 94, 109948 , 2024 2024 Citations: 24
Hysteresis, PI and ramptime current control techniques for APF: An experimental comparison H Daniyal, E Lam, LJ Borle, HHC Iu 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2151-2156 , 2011 2011 Citations: 24
Monitoring the quality of welding based on welding current and ste analysis A Mazlan, H Daniyal, AI Mohamed, M Ishak, AA Hadi IOP Conference series: materials science and engineering 257 (1), 012043 , 2017 2017 Citations: 21
ADVISOR simulation and performance test of split plug-in hybrid electric vehicle conversion MIM Rashid, H Danial Energy Procedia 105, 1408-1413 , 2017 2017 Citations: 21
Short-term forecasting of floating photovoltaic power generation using machine learning models MH Sulaiman, MS Jadin, Z Mustaffa, MNM Azlan, H Daniyal Cleaner Energy Systems 9, 100137 , 2024 2024 Citations: 19
Arduino based power meter using instantaneous power calculation method TM Chung, H Daniyal ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10 (21), 9791-9795 , 2015 2015 Citations: 18
Application of moth-flame optimizer and ant lion optimizer to solve optimal reactive power dispatch problems RNS Mei, MH Sulaiman, H Daniyal, Z Mustaffa Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering (JTEC) 10 … , 2018 2018 Citations: 16
Solving optimal reactive power planning problem utilizing nature inspired computing techniques MH Sulaiman, Z Mustaffa, H Daniyal, MR Mohamed, O Aliman ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10 (21), 9779-9785 , 2015 2015 Citations: 16
Advanced techniques in harmonic suppression via active power filter: A review E Mhawi, H Daniyal, MH Sulaiman Int. J. Power Electron. Drive Syst 6 (2), 185-195 , 2015 2015 Citations: 16
Economic dispatch solution using moth-flame optimization algorithm MH Sulaiman, Z Mustaffa, MIM Rashid, H Daniyal MATEC web of conferences 214, 03007 , 2018 2018 Citations: 13
Application of moth-flame optimization algorithm for solving optimal reactive power dispatch problem MH Sulaiman, Z Mustaffa, O Aliman, H Daniyal, MR Mohamed 4th IET Clean Energy and Technology Conference (CEAT 2016) , 2016 2016 Citations: 13