PhD in Quality Management, M. Sc. (statistics), FDPM IIM Ahemadabad
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Multidisciplinary, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Management Science and Operations Research, Environmental Science
10
Scopus Publications
357
Scholar Citations
9
Scholar h-index
9
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Determinants of anemia among children aged 6-23 months in Nepal: an alternative Bayesian modeling approach Hari Prasad Upadhyay, Nirajan Budhathoki, Ram Prasad Khatiwada, Bijay Lal Pradhan BMC Public Health, 2025 BACKGROUND: Anemia remains a major public health concern among children under two years of age in low- and middle-income countries. Childhood anemia is associated with several adverse health outcomes, including delayed growth and impaired cognitive abilities. Although several studies in Nepal have examined the determinants of anemia among children aged 6-23 months using nationally representative data, alternative modeling approaches remain underutilized. This study applies a Bayesian analytical framework to identify key determinants of anemia among children aged 6-23 months in Nepal. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2022 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The dependent variable was anemia in children (coded as 0 for non-anemic and 1 for anemic), while independent variables included characteristics of the child, mother, and household. Descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage and Chi-squared test of associations between the dependent variable and independent variables were presented. Bayesian binary logistic regression model was used to identify significant determinants of anemia. A noninformative normal prior with mean 0 and variance 1000 was assumed to derive the posterior distribution for the model coefficients. The Gibbs sampling method was executed to obtain posterior samples, and the results were summarized using posterior mean, odds ratio, standard error, Monte Carlo error, and 95% credible interval (CrI). RESULTS: The analysis of data from 685 children aged 6-23 months revealed several determinants of anemia. Compared to children aged 19-23 months, children aged 6-12 months had 3.15 times higher odds of anemia (95% CrI: 2.02 - 4.91) and those aged 13-18 months had 2.35 times higher odds (95% CrI: 1.53 - 3.61). Second-born children had 1.49 times higher odds (95% CrI: 1.001 - 2.23) than first-born children. Mothers who did not take deworming medication during pregnancy had 1.57 times higher odds of having an anemic child (95% CrI: 1.14 - 2.51) compared to those who took such medication. Children living in the Terai region had 2.45 times higher odds (95% CrI: 1.53 - 3.98) than those living in the Hill region. Ethnicity also plays a role, as Dalit children had 2.29 times higher odds of anemia (95% CrI: 1.03 - 5.04) and Janajati children had 2.73 times higher odds (95% CrI: 1.24 - 5.92), compared to Muslim and other ethnic groups. CONCLUSION: Key determinants of anemia among children aged 6-23 months in Nepal include child's age, birth order, maternal intake of deworming medication during pregnancy, ecological region, and ethnicity. These findings highlight the necessity for targeted interventions that address demographic factors, maternal health, and geographic disparities to reduce childhood anemia in Nepal.
Water quality assessment through numerical indices in Phewa Lake, Nepal Rajeshwori Malla-Pradhan, Bijay Lal Pradhan, Tista Prasai Joshi, Khamphe Phoungthong International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2024 Pokhara valley is gifted with nine lakes out of which the largest lake, Phewa is the lifeline for the economic development of that region. However, the lake water is deteriorating owing to wastewater discharge from nearby hotels, restaurants, and urban settings. Therefore, the current study aims to rate the status of water quality in Phewa Lake concerning the water quality index (WQI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and pollution load index (PI). Ten selected physicochemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, turbidity, hardness, chloride, and alkalinity were analysed for the calculation of WQI. Likewise, iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) were selected for HPI and PI calculations. The average WQI value in the winter, rainy, and autumn seasons of 2021 was 33.64, 66.94, and 58.71 respectively. In general, water quality was good in the WQI classification and it showed significant differences seasonally. However, the value of HPI and PI indicated that the water of Phewa Lake is polluted with heavy metals. The study findings are a useful database that is important for the concerned authorities for effective lake management.
Turn Left Turn Right - Delving type and modality of instructions in navigation assistant systems for people with visual impairments Bineeth Kuriakose, Ida Marie Ness, Maja Å skov Tengstedt, Jannicke Merete Svendsen, Terese Bjørseth, Bijay Lal Pradhan, Raju Shrestha International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 2023 Receiving navigation directions and information through pertinent channels is essential for people with visual impairments when they use navigation assistant systems. Different navigation systems have embraced diverse methods and modalities to give navigation instructions to users. Furthermore, various studies have been reported analyzing the modality preferences of people with visual impairments. They have reported results mainly via surveys or interviews. In this work, we have extensively studied the navigation information people with visual impairments would like to receive and how they would prefer it. Our research adopted a mixed-method design consisting of an experiment followed by a questionnaire and an interview with participants with visual impairments and with 20/20 vision but blindfolded. Unimodal (audio alone) and multimodal (audio and vibration) instruction modes and two types of audio instructions: short and descriptive have been tested. The navigation performance of participants is measured in terms of time taken and errors made while they navigate with different types and modes of instruction. The study’s findings imply no significant effect of instruction mode on time taken or errors made to complete the trials. The study could not find evidence that participants prefer descriptive instructions over short instructions. Furthermore, no evidence supports that participants prefer to hear details about the environment and obstacles during navigation. Different participants prefer different modes of instruction, which infer the importance of customized functionalities in a navigation assistant system. We also validate from our study that participants with visual impairments spent less time and made fewer errors while navigating than blindfolded participants with 20/20 vision. We believe that the results from the study will expand the knowledge of user preferences in the type and modality of instructions in the navigation assistive technology domain.
Microplastic in Freshwater Environment: A Review on Techniques and Abundance for Microplastic Detection in Lake Water Rajeshwori Malla-Pradhan, Bijay Lal Pradhan, Khamphe Phoungthong, Tista Prasai Joshi Trends in Sciences, 2023 Microplastic particles have been detected in water sources such as in oceans, lakes and rivers worldwide, which have received much attention in recent years. This review includes a summary of the analytical techniques such as sampling, processing and identification used by researchers to evaluate microplastic in lake water from 35 studies. Microplastic abundance and its morphological characteristics were also compared. Bulk sampling and volume-reduced sampling were almost equally implemented during sample collection. During sample processing, digestion were followed by 85.71 % of the researcher’s using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to degrade the organic matter present in the sample. Though density separation is the most common approach to extract microplastic from sediment sample, this was not the case in lake water as only 31.43 % used this method. Fibers were the most dominant shape and the maximum abundance of microplastics were found to be in < 0.5 and < 2 mm2 size class. Most studies reported microplastic to be of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). HIGHLIGHTS Digestion is an important step during sample processing In lake water density separation is less frequently used method Fibers dominated in the size class < 0.5 and < 2 mm Microplastic in lake water is commonly expressed in volume unit GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
TODIM Approach for Selection of Inventory Policy in Supply Chain Prabjot Kaur, Bijay Lal Pradhan, Anjali Priya Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022 TODIM-based multicriteria decision-making approach for assessing inventory policy in a Pythagorean fuzzy environment is proposed in this study. In supply chain, inventory appears in several forms. For effective supply chain, management businesses must choose an effective inventory policy. It is difficult to rank inventory policies. Inventory policy selection and evaluation include a procedure that can be thought about, checked after some time, and ideally improved through certain measures. Determination of the right inventory control policy is a challenge in the dynamic business environment as it enables organizations to gain an upper hand in terms of cost, quality, and service, which in turn provides a vital step in fulfilling the requirements of the customer. The multicriteria question has qualitative and quantitative factors that are vague and contradictory. Such variables are not necessarily clear and often suffer vagueness owing to the inconsistent existence of the gathered data. In the Pythagorean fuzzy setting, they are therefore considered to eliminate this vagueness by assigning membership and nonmembership roles to these factors. Finally, in this article, we performed a sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the stability of our model and to illustrate the utility of implementing such algorithms.
Computed Tomographic Assessment of Renal Volume and Its Associative Factors Among Adults Ramswarth Sah, Mamata Bhattarai, Bijay Lal Pradhan, Shanta Lall Shrestha, Benu Lohani, Ramesh Bhatta Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 2021 Background: Knowledge of normal renal volume is a vital parameter for clinical assessment of renal diseases because renal size is altered by various medical conditions. Variations in renal dimension in different populations and it’s relation to individual’s body parameters are evident. Different studies have recommended the need for measurement of renal dimension for specific population. This study assesses normal range of renal volume in the study population and measures their correlation with individual’s body parameters.Methods: This descriptive study was done in 261 adults. After renal length measurement on reformatted coronal images, renal width and renal thickness on axil images, renal volume was calculated by ellipsoidal formula. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were used to evaluate the association between renal volume and different parameters.Results: This study showed a significant difference in mean renal volume between male (right and left mean renal volume 120.52 ± 26.84 cm3 and 121.00 ± 27.23 cm3 respectively) and female (right and left mean renal volume 110.11 ± 21.79 cm3 and 111.15 ± 22.34 cm3 respectively) on each side. Similarly, a significant positive correlation was found between renal volume and body height, body weight and BMI of participant for both kidneys however a significant negative correlation was observed between renal volume and age 40 years and above for both kidneys. Conclusions: This study provides morphometric data regarding normal kidneys and concludes that male renal volume is more than female and renal volume is correlated to individual’s body parameters.Keywords: Morphometric; nomogram; renal volume
A Pythagorean Fuzzy Approach for Sustainable Supplier Selection Using TODIM Prabjot Kaur, Vaishnudebi Dutta, Bijay Lal Pradhan, Subhomoy Haldar, Supriya Chauhan Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021 Several firms have become increasingly concerned with sustainability in recent decades and are thus implementing environmental and social changes in their businesses and supply networks. This article aims to assess suppliers based on green design, corporate social responsibility, energy consumption, and other sustainability factors that might aid the growth of a company. Characteristics used in this study will help to accomplish economic, environmental, and social responsibility for organizations to reduce global warming and natural resource depletion. We have used the data given in the article of Zolfani et al. by implementing Pythagorean fuzzy TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for iterative multicriteria decision making) to calculate the rank of suppliers based on the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) sustainability framework. Both TODIM and PF-TODIM are simple to compute, stable, consistent, and accurate, but we have proved by calculations why Pythagorean fuzzy TODIM should be chosen over TODIM in such situations, where decision makers do not have access to a reliable data source. Finally, we performed a sensitivity analysis on both TODIM and PF-TODIM, and the results bolstered the utility of the model.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Prevalence of Calcaneal Spur in Adult Nepalese in Ankle Joint’s Radiographs in a Tertiary Hospital of Nepal R Sah, AK Sah, UP Khanal, BL Pradhan, R Karki, NB Deo, S Uprety Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 22 (1), 98-103 , 2026 2026
Computed tomography image-based assessment of mean portal vein diameter in a tertiary hospital of Nepal R Sah, S Koiri, G Gurung, BL Pradhan Journal of Chitwan Medical College 16 (1), 42-48 , 2026 2026
Role of Social Media for Movie Marketing in the Nepalese Film Industry BL Pradhan, D Satyal, NR Joshi, A Pradhan Journey for Sustainable Development and Peace Journal 4 (1), 31-43 , 2026 2026
A Study on Cyber Victimization and its Impact on Mental Health D Satyal, A Pyakurel, BL Pradhan, H Kothari, N Poudyal Pacific Business Review International 18 (7), 46-56 , 2026 2026
Elevation Effects on Carbon Stock and Tree Species Diversity in Central Himalayan Community Forests, Nepal NR Joshi, KP Sigdel, BL Pradhan DMC Journal 10 (9), 151-165 , 2025 2025
Statistical Forecasting of Cereal Grain Used in Livestock and Fisheries Feed of Nepal N Poudel, BL Pradhan, B Dhakal, HR Devkota, SR Panta, A Pradhan, ... International Journal of Operational Research/Nepal 13 (1), 14-26 , 2025 2025
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Nepal: Evidence from ARDL and ARIMA Forecasting Models BL Pradhan, D Satyal, RC Dhungana International Journal of Operational Research/Nepal 13 (1) , 2025 2025
Computed Tomography Images Based Measurement of Caudate to Right Lobe Ratio of Liver in Adult Population in a Tertiary Care Hospital R Sah, BK Mandal, UP Khanal, BL Pradhan, RD Joshi, G Gurung, ... Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 21 (4), 375-380 , 2025 2025
Estimation of Carbon Stock and Carbon dioxide Equivalent (CO2-e) Absorption of Needle Leaved Tree and Mixed Broadleaved Trees of Nilbarahi Community Forest of Madhyapurthimi … LL Karn, DR Pant, BL Pradhan, VK Jha Amrit Research Journal 6 (1), 112-123 , 2025 2025
Measuring The Financial Stability of Nepalese Commercial Banks: A Decade Long Study D Satyal, BL Pradhan, N Poudyal, RC Dhungana, A Pyakurel Management Review: An International Journal 20 (2), 63-80 , 2025 2025
Determinants of anemia among children aged 6-23 months in Nepal: an alternative Bayesian modeling approach HP Upadhyay, N Budhathoki, RP Khatiwada, BL Pradhan BMC Public Health 25 (1), 3329 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Performance Perception and Associated Determinants of Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) in Dhading District of Nepal BL Pradhan, N Sharma Journey for Sustainable Development and Peace Journal 3 (1), 92-105 , 2025 2025
Sampling Techniques using R BL Pradhan Silkroad Institute of Research and Training 1, 150 , 2025 2025
Detection of Protozoa in Drinking Water of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal SP Sah, BL Pradhan, A Prasad Patan Prospective Journal 4 (2), 163-176 , 2024 2024
Water quality assessment through numerical indices in Phewa Lake, Nepal R Malla-Pradhan, BL Pradhan, T Prasai Joshi, K Phoungthong International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 104 (18), 6446-6460 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Human resource development: A case study of Kathmandu metropolitan city GP Niraula, BL Pradhan, BP Mainali, A Palikhe Management Review: An International Journal 19 (1), 4-36 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Physicochemical and Microbial Quality of Drinking Water at Gorkha, Nepal R Malla-Pradhan, BL Pradhan, L Lalkarn, R Shrestha Morgan Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Studies 1 (1), 70-74 , 2024 2024
Sustainable Marketing Strategies and Financial Performance: A bibliometric Analysis with Web of Science database KF Sadriwala, Z Ahmed, BL Pradhan, MF Sadriwala Morgan Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Studies 1 (1), 32-45 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Impact of foreign direct investment on the economic growth of nepal S Balami, HC Dhakal, DR Chalise, BL Pradhan Morgan Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Studies 1 (1), 1-7 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Is the Existing Hydropower Development Policy, 2001 Investment Friendly? BL Pradhan, DB Budhathoki, R Malla-Pradhan Journey for Sustainable Development and Peace Journal 2 (1), 19-34 , 2024 2024
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Microplastic Pollution in Urban Lake Phewa, Nepal: The First Report on Abundance and Composition in Surface Water of Lake in Different Seasons R Malla-Pradhan, T Suwunwong, K Phoungthong, TP Joshi, BL Pradhan Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29 (10), Online , 2022 2022 Citations: 104
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of TQM Implementation Constructs: Evidence from Nepalese Manufacturing Industries BL Pradhan Management Review: An International Journal 12 (1), 26 , 2017 2017 Citations: 50
A pythagorean fuzzy approach for sustainable supplier selection using TODIM P Kaur, V Dutta, BL Pradhan, S Haldar, S Chauhan Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (1), 4254894 , 2021 2021 Citations: 33
Occurrence and Distribution of Microplastics from Nepal’s Second Largest Lake Rajeshwori Malla-Pradhan, Bijay Lal Pradhan, Khamphe Phoungthong, Tista ... Water Air and Soil Pollution 233, online:423 , 2022 2022 Citations: 30
Microplastic pollution in lakeshore sediments: the first report on abundance and composition of Phewa Lake, Nepal R Malla-Pradhan, K Phoungthong, T Suwunwong, TP Joshi, BL Pradhan Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30 (27), 70065-70075 , 2023 2023 Citations: 20
Microplastic in freshwater environment: A review on techniques and abundance for microplastic detection in lake water R Malla-Pradhan, BL Pradhan, K Phoungthong, TP Joshi Trends in Sciences 20 (8), 5202-5202 , 2023 2023 Citations: 14
Corporate governance mechanisms and bank's performance evidence from Nepalese commercial bank BL Pradhan, H Kothari, TR Chalise Management Review: An International Journal 18 (1), 4-30 , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
Turn Left Turn Right-Delving type and modality of instructions in navigation assistant systems for people with visual impairments B Kuriakose, IM Ness, MÅ skov Tengstedt, JM Svendsen, T Bjørseth, ... International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 179, 103098 , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
TODIM approach for selection of inventory policy in supply chain P Kaur, BL Pradhan, A Priya Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (1), 5959116 , 2022 2022 Citations: 10
Analyzing and Forecasting International Tourist Arrivals in Nepal: Trends, Patterns, and Future Prospects BL Pradhan, P Koirala International Journal of Operational Research/Nepal 12 (1), 1-10 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Sustainable Marketing Strategies and Financial Performance: A bibliometric Analysis with Web of Science database KF Sadriwala, Z Ahmed, BL Pradhan, MF Sadriwala Morgan Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Studies 1 (1), 32-45 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
University Students' Knowledge and Attitudes about Plagiarism: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study HP Upadhyay, BL Pradhan, P Sedain BMC Journal of Scientific Research 6 (1), 73-81 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Exploring investment governance within social security organization: A Key to SDG Achievement BL Pradhan, GB Dhungel Journey for Sustainable Development and Peace Journal 1 (02), 58-75 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Key Factors of TQM Implementation and Impact in Industries of Nepal: A Conceptual Model H Kothari, S Shrimali, BL Pradhan Pacific Business Review International 9 (7), 181-193 , 2017 2017 Citations: 5
Human resource development: A case study of Kathmandu metropolitan city GP Niraula, BL Pradhan, BP Mainali, A Palikhe Management Review: An International Journal 19 (1), 4-36 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Trend Analysis of Inflation and its Relationship with Economic Growth of Nepal HP Upadhyay, BL Pradhan International Journal of Silkroad Institute of Research and Training 1 (2 … , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Computed tomographic assessment of renal volume and its associative factors among adults R Sah, M Bhattarai, BL Pradhan, SL Shrestha, B Lohani, R Bhatta Nepal Health Research Council , 2020 2020 Citations: 4
Quality Management BL Pradhan KEC Publication and Distribution , 2014 2014 Citations: 4
Water quality assessment through numerical indices in Phewa Lake, Nepal R Malla-Pradhan, BL Pradhan, T Prasai Joshi, K Phoungthong International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 104 (18), 6446-6460 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Prevalence and associated factors of depression among perimenopausal women of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu S Piya, BL Pradhan, HP Upadhyay Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 19 (4), 453-460 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
