Development of a Model for Malware Detection and Classification at the Byte Level Based on Transformer Rulof Baltwin Tallane, Akhmad Unggul Priantoro, Riza Muhida Iium Engineering Journal, 2026 Malware threats have been a critical concern in cybersecurity, particularly due to the increasing complexity and constantly evolving variants that are difficult to detect using conventional signature-based or static rule-based methods. This research focused on developing a Transformer-based model at the byte level to detect and classify malware effectively and adaptively, thereby streamlining the analytical process without requiring specialized feature tokenization. The primary objective was to design and evaluate a Transformer model that captures universal and adaptive malware patterns directly from raw byte representations, enabling cross-platform applicability. A quantitative experimental approach was employed using three public datasets: Malware Detection PE-Based Analysis, MC-dataset-binary, and Malware.zip. Data processing involved byte embedding, dilated 1D convolution, multi-head self-attention, and attention pooling. Model optimization was conducted using AdamW with a combined scheduler, Stochastic Weight Averaging (SWA), random byte masking augmentation, and Mixup Embedding. Experimental results showed that the byte-level Transformer model achieved high classification accuracy across the three datasets, namely 99%, 92%, and 94%, respectively. These results demonstrate that a byte-level Transformer can effectively capture universal malware patterns in binary data, offering a flexible and highly accurate approach to developing resilient defenses against modern cyber threats. ABSTRAK: Ancaman perisian perosak (malware) merupakan isu kritikal dalam keselamatan siber, terutama apabila disebabkan oleh peningkatan kerumitan dan variasi yang sentiasa berevolusi, sekaligus menyukarkan pengesanan menggunakan kaedah konvensional berasaskan tandatangan atau peraturan statik. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada pembangunan model berasaskan Transformasi pada peringkat bait (byte-level) bagi mengesan dan mengklasifikasikan perisian perosak secara berkesan dan adaptif, tanpa memerlukan pengekstrakan atau penandaan ciri khusus. Objektif utama kajian adalah bagi mereka bentuk dan menilai keberkesanan model Transformasi yang mampu menangkap corak perisian perosak bersifat universal dan adaptif secara langsung daripada representasi bait mentah, seterusnya membolehkan kebolehgunaan merentas platform. Pendekatan eksperimen kuantitatif digunakan dengan melibatkan tiga set data awam, iaitu Analisis Berdasarkan Pengesanan Perisian Perosak PE, Set Data Binari MC, dan Malware.zip. Pemprosesan data merangkumi pembenaman bait, konvolusi 1D terlarut (dilated), perhatian kendiri berbilang kepala, serta pengumpulan berasaskan perhatian. Pengoptimuman model dilaksanakan menggunakan AdamW dengan penjadual gabungan, Purata Pemberat Stokastik (SWA), penambahan data melalui penyamaran bait rawak, dan Penggabungan Embedding. Dapatan kajian melalui eksperimen menunjukkan bahawa model Transformasi peringkat bait mencapai ketepatan pengelasan tertinggi, iaitu masing-masing 99%, 92%, dan 94% bagi ketiga-tiga set data. Dapatan ini membuktikan bahawa Transformasi peringkat bait berupaya menangkap corak perisian perosak universal daripada data binari, sekaligus menawarkan pendekatan fleksibel dan berketepatan tinggi bagi membangunkan pertahanan yang lebih berdaya tahan terhadap ancaman siber moden.
Development of a baby walker with an integrated speed-limiting system to enhance safety and support infant motor skill development Islamiyati Islamiyati, Sadiman Sadiman, Yoga Tri Wijayanti, Kusumawardhany Airlangga Rijanti, Huminsa Ranto Morison Panjaitan, Riza Muhida, Muhammad Riza Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 2025 The use of baby walkers to promote infant motor skills is widespread, but safety concerns remain due to the risk of falls and accidents. This study aims to develop a baby walker with an integrated speed-limiting system to enhance safety while supporting motor development in infants aged 9 to 15 months. The walker incorporates a braking mechanism activated by an optical encoder sensor when the speed exceeds 0.3 meters per second. The prototype was tested with ten infants, and results demonstrated its effectiveness in maintaining safety and fostering motor skills. Expert feedback affirmed the design's suitability, emphasizing the importance of technological integration in enhancing product safety. Future improvements could include additional safety features like anti-collision sensors.
Integrating cultural perspectives in online ablution water usage monitoring: a design for sustainability Ihwan Ghazali, Tia Tanjung, Irianto Irianto, Riza Muhida, Safarudin Gazali Herawan, Hayati Mukti Asih Frontiers in Communication, 2024 Water is an important resource for performing ablution before prayer. However, lack of communication and information between prayer congregations regarding the amount of water used during ablution, the absence of environmental protection consciousness, and the impact of cultural behavior can be the factors causing wasteful water use during ablution. This study aims to design and implement an internet-based monitoring system that integrates cultural values in evaluating ablution water consumption. The correlation between cultural dimensions and preferences for an online monitoring system of ablution practices was examined using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and long-term orientation were identified to significantly influence online monitoring preferences for ablution activities. The preferences of sensor accuracy, safety case to cover from water, and durable material were determined as the most important design specifications for online monitoring systems. The real-time evaluation of online monitoring was performed through smartphone applications and web-based interfaces. Considering cultural preferences when developing a water monitoring system strategy can increase awareness regarding environmental sustainability, advocate for conscientious water management, and control water usage. The inclusion of cultural value in the design process is expected to provide valuable insights for product designers when establishing design specifications. Additionally, it expands the usefulness of Hofstede’s cultural theory in the context of the creation and development of products.
Model of a Smart Anti Flooding System Riza Muhida, Muhammad Riza, Muhammad Atha Mufadhal, Mulyana, Haris Muwardi, Achmad Cucus, Any Nurhasanah, Rifki Muhida Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 2024
Development of a Speed-Limiting Braking Mechanism for Baby Walkers Using a PI Controller Islamiyati Islamiyati, Riza Muhida, Muhammad Riza, Arko Djajadi, Sadiman Sadiman, Yoga Tri Wijayanti, Kusumawardhany Airlangga Rijanti, Huminsa Ranto Morison Panjaitan, Dandi Efendi Icsmech 2024 1st International Conference on Smart Mechatronics Transformative Innovations in Smart Mechatronics Bridging AI Robotics and Lot for A Sustainable Future, 2024 Baby walkers are commonly used to support infants in developing motor skills and walking abilities, yet their uncontrolled movement poses significant safety risks, such as falls and injuries. This study addresses these risks by developing a speed-limiting braking system that prevents baby walkers from exceeding a safe speed limit of 0.3 meters per second, thereby enhancing safety. The system integrates a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller, a speed sensor, and a servo motor-driven braking mechanism. Methodology involved MATLAB simulations to fine-tune controller parameters and physical testing for validation. Results showed the braking mechanism engaged promptly when the speed limit was reached and disengaged when speed decreased, confirming effective regulation without impeding natural infant movements. This study demonstrates a reliable solution to enhance baby walker safety while promoting safe motor development for infants. MATLAB simulations and physical tests confirmed the system's efficiency in real-time speed monitoring and automated braking. The results highlighted rapid response times and seamless braking, providing controlled deceleration without interfering with the infant's natural movements.
A prototype design to maintain temperature and humidity in an open compound restaurant European Journal of Scientific Research, 2011
Design of a light tracking system using machine vision technique Samir A. Abdul Kareem, Rini Akmeliawati, Riza Muhida 2011 4th International Conference on Mechatronics Integrated Engineering for Industrial and Societal Development ICOM 11 Conference Proceedings, 2011
Fuzzy control algorithm for educational light tracking system Samir A. Abdul Kareem, Rizah Muhida, Rini Akmeliawati 2010 2nd International Congress on Engineering Education Transforming Engineering Education to Produce Quality Engineers Iceed2010, 2010
Novel characterization technique by using an SEM A. G. E. Sutjipto, Jufriadi, R. Muhida, M. Takata Proceedings International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum ISDEIV, 2008
Electrical property evaluation of polycrystalline silicon thin film on textured substrate Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 2003
Experimental Development of a PIC-Based Intelligent Energy Management Controller for Voltage Regulation and Load Prioritization in Standalone Photovoltaic Home Systems R Muhida, A Legowo, M Riza, EYT Adesta, R Muhida Journal of Applied Science and Advanced Engineering 4 (2), 1-7 , 2026 2026
Sistem Manufaktur Cerdas: Inovasi, Teknologi, dan Strategi Industri Modern M Riza, S Hartanto, T Wenda, R Muhida, EYT Adesta, HA Prabowo, ... CV. Edu Akademi , 2026 2026
An Experiential Learning Framework for Mobile Robot Control Education Using PID-Based Path Tracking R Muhida, R Muhida, EYT Adesta, M Riza, A Legowo Journal of Applied Science and Advanced Engineering 4 (1), 32-36 , 2026 2026
DESAIN DAN RANCANG BANGUN DRONE PENABUR BENIH PERTANIAN H Saputro, H Riyanto, EYT Adesta, R Muhida, M Riza, T Tanjung JURNAL CRANKSHAFT 9 (1), 36-45 , 2026 2026
Pengembangan alat sangrai biji kopi sistem rotary drum berbasis gas burner untuk peningkatan efisiensi produksi R Muhida, M Riza, I Surya, B Pratowo, Z Muhamad, E Eryando KOLECER Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2 (1), 37-42 , 2026 2026
Rancang bangun mesin pemotong adonan kerupuk untuk industri rumah tangga berkapasitas 78 kg/jam menggunakan motor listrik 1/6 HP R Muhida, M Riza, I Surya, B Pratowo, Z Muhamad, H Saputro KOLECER Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2 (1), 43-48 , 2026 2026
Rekayasa Teknologi Industri dan Manufaktur Cerdas L Larisang, PP Tarigan, I Wiranto, R Muhida, M Irsyam, A Merjani, ... CV. Edu Akademi , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Development of a Model for Malware Detection and Classification at the Byte Level Based on Transformer RB Tallane, AU Priantoro, R Muhida IIUM Engineering Journal 27 (1), 142-159 , 2026 2026
Optimizing ICT Infrastructure for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity in Lampung Province, Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities R Muhida Journal of Applied Science and Advanced Engineering 3 (2), 42-46 , 2025 2025
Development of Simulator for Smart Anti-Flooding Systems: Fostering Hands-On Learning in University Education R Muhida, M Riza, H Murwadi, A Nurhasanah, A Legowo, A Harsoyo Journal of Applied Science and Advanced Engineering 3 (1), 27-36 , 2025 2025
Utilization of IoT for measuring hydrogen production in a photovoltaic-solid polymer electrolyte (PV-SPE) System R Muhida, M Riza, A Harsoyo, H Murwadi, A Legowo Journal of Applied Science and Advanced Engineering 3 (1), 37-41 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
PEMBERDAYAAN DIGITAL UNTUK PARIWISATA: WORKSHOP CANVA DAN CAPCUT BAGI PEMUDA KARANG TARUNA R Muhida, H Murwadi, O Ainita, SR Sulistiyanti, DI Kusumastuti Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Sakai Sambayan 9 (1), 37-41 , 2025 2025
Aplikasi Drone Penabur Benih Jagung Sebagai Pertanian Berkelanjutan H Riyanto, EYT Adesta, R Muhida, H Saputro, M Riza, T Tanjung Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia 20 (2), 25-30 , 2025 2025
Human and Technology Collaboration Creates a Smart Society in Lampung Province Area T Tanjung, I Ghazali, R Muhida, T Thamrin, W Susanty, DI Wahyuningsih ICSIGER-International Conference on Science and Emerging Technology 1 (1) , 2025 2025
DEVELOPMENT OF A BABY WALKER WITH AN INTEGRATED SPEED-LIMITING SYSTEM TO ENHANCE SAFETY AND SUPPORT INFANT MOTOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT I ISLAMIYATI, S SADIMAN, YT WIJAYANTI, KA RIJANTI, ... MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE JOURNAL Учредители: Malque Publishing 7 (6), 2025289 , 2025 2025
Pelatihan kelistrikan bagi santri pondok pesantren ARP Barusman, A Purnomo, K Khairudin, R Muhida, H Haninun, ... Jurnal Cemerlang: Pengabdian pada Masyarakat 7 (1), 309–316-309–316 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Development of a Speed-Limiting Braking Mechanism for Baby Walkers Using a PI Controller I Islamiyati, R Muhida, M Riza, A Djajadi, S Sadiman, YT Wijayanti, ... 2024 IEEE International Conference on Smart Mechatronics (ICSMech), 311-316 , 2024 2024
Training of Trainer Aplikasi SiBangkodir (Aplikasi Cek Bantuan Langsung Kemiskinan dan Pemutakhiran Data Mandiri) di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan AKS Ari, R Muhida, Y Aprilinda, F Ariani, RY Endra Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Tapis Berseri (JPMTB) 3 (2), 91-98 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Integrating cultural perspectives in online ablution water usage monitoring: a design for sustainability I Ghazali, T Tanjung, I Irianto, R Muhida, SG Herawan, HM Asih Frontiers in Communication 9, 1411711 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Focus Group Discussion Konsolidasi dan Pembuatan Aplikasi Pemutakhiran Data di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan AKS Ari, R Muhida, Y Aprilinda, F Ariani, RY Endra Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Tapis Berseri (JPMTB) 3 (1), 1-9 , 2024 2024 Citations: 8
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Dynamic modelling and adaptive traction control for mobile robots A Albagul, Wahyudi International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 1 (3), 16 , 2004 2004 Citations: 98
MCM-41 as a new separator material for electrochemical cell: Application in zinc–air system H Saputra, R Othman, AGE Sutjipto, R Muhida Journal of membrane science 367 (1-2), 152-157 , 2011 2011 Citations: 66
A maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic-SPE system using a maximum current controller R Muhida, M Park, M Dakkak, K Matsuura, A Tsuyoshi, M Michira Solar energy materials and solar cells 75 (3-4), 697-706 , 2003 2003 Citations: 60
Operation strategy of residential centralized photovoltaic system in remote areas M Dakkak, A Hirata, R Muhida, Z Kawasaki Renewable energy 28 (7), 997-1012 , 2003 2003 Citations: 59
The 10 years operation of a PV-micro-hydro hybrid system in Taratak, Indonesia R Muhida, A Mostavan, W Sujatmiko, M Park, K Matsuura Solar energy materials and solar cells 67 (1-4), 621-627 , 2001 2001 Citations: 55
Design of environmental friendly hybrid electric vehicle MH Ullah, TS Gunawan, MR Sharif, R Muhida 2012 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering … , 2012 2012 Citations: 54
Control strategy for automatic gantry crane systems: a practical and intelligent approach Wahyudi, J Jalani, R Muhida, MJE Salami International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 4 (4), 46 , 2007 2007 Citations: 42
Microstructural dependence of electron and hole transport in low-temperature-grown polycrystalline-silicon thin-film solar cells T Matsui, R Muhida, T Kawamura, T Toyama, H Okamoto, T Yamazaki, ... Applied physics letters 81 (25), 4751-4753 , 2002 2002 Citations: 38
Efficiency improvement of solar cell using compound parabolic concentrator and sun tracking system E Hossain, R Muhida, A Ali 2008 IEEE Canada Electric Power Conference, 1-8 , 2008 2008 Citations: 34
Solid phase crystallization in initial growth region of polycrystalline silicon layer during deposition at 180° C by plasma chemical vapor deposition T Toyama, R Muhida, T Harano, T Sugano, M Okajima, H Okamoto Japanese journal of applied physics 42 (11B), L1347 , 2003 2003 Citations: 28
Solar cell efficiency improvement using compound parabolic concentrator and an implementation of sun tracking system E Hossain, R Muhida, AF Dzulkipli, KAA Rahman 2008 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology … , 2008 2008 Citations: 21
Gel-like properties of MCM-41 material and its transformation to MCM-50 in a caustic alkaline surround H Saputra, R Othman, AGE Sutjipto, R Muhida, MH Ani Materials Research Bulletin 47 (3), 732-736 , 2012 2012 Citations: 20
A simulation method to find the optimal design of photovoltaic home system in Malaysia, case study: A building integrated photovoltaic in Putra Jaya R Muhida, M Ali, PSJ Kassim, MA Eusuf, AGE Sutjipto Proceedings of the World Academy of Science, Engineering, & Technology, 694-698 , 2009 2009 Citations: 20
Carrier transport in polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cells grown on a highly textured structure S Honda, H Takakura, Y Hamakawa, R Muhida, T Kawamura, T Harano, ... Japanese journal of applied physics 43 (9R), 5955 , 2004 2004 Citations: 18
State of the art review on walking support system for visually impaired people E Hossain, MR Khan, R Muhida, A Ali International Journal of Biomechatronics and Biomedical Robotics 1 (4), 232-251 , 2011 2011 Citations: 16
Carrier transport in polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic layer on highly textured substrate R Muhida, T Kawamura, T Harano, M Okajima, T Matsui, T Toyama, ... Japanese journal of applied physics 42 (11R), 6753 , 2003 2003 Citations: 13
Relationship between average slope of textured substrate and poly-Si thin film solar cells performance R Muhida, AGE Sutjipto, Afzeri, T Toyama, H Okamoto Materials Research Innovations 13 (3), 246-248 , 2009 2009 Citations: 12
A Prototype Design to Maintain Temperature and Humidity in an Open Compound Restaurant SM Raihan, MH Ullah, R Muhida European Journal of Scientific Research 63 (2), 164-171 , 2011 2011 Citations: 11
Development of microcontroller-based inverter control circuit for residential wind generator application AFA Zaidi, R Muhida, AMA Zaidi, S Yaacob, NHA Zaidi Journal of Science and technology 2 (1) , 2010 2010 Citations: 11
Enhancing Hard Skill and Soft Skill Learning by Implementing the MBKM Program ZO Jainah, M Riza, R Muhida, YD Prastyo, IN Seftiniara Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia 2 (1), 165-180 , 2022 2022 Citations: 10
