Krishna Prasad Acharya
@dls.gov.np
Department of Livestock Services (DLS)
Department of Livestock Services (DLS)
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Animal Science and Zoology, Epidemiology
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Xiao-Xi Zhang, Zohar Lederman, Le-Fei Han, Janna M. Schurer, Li-Hua Xiao, Zhi-Bing Zhang, Qiu-Lan Chen, Dirk Pfeiffer, Michael P. Ward, Banchob Sripa,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background Despite the increasing focus on strengthening One Health capacity building on global level, challenges remain in devising and implementing real-world interventions particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Recognizing these gaps, the One Health Action Commission (OHAC) was established as an academic community for One Health action with an emphasis on research agenda setting to identify actions for highest impact. Main text This viewpoint describes the agenda of, and motivation for, the recently formed OHAC. Recognizing the urgent need for evidence to support the formulation of necessary action plans, OHAC advocates the adoption of both bottom-up and top-down approaches to identify the current gaps in combating zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, addressing food safety, and to enhance capacity building for context-sensitive One Health implementation. Conclusions By promoting broader engagement and connection of multidisciplinary stakeholders, OHAC envisions a collaborative global platform for the generation of innovative One Health knowledge, distilled practical experience and actionable policy advice, guided by strong ethical principles of One Health. Graphical Abstract
Kailash Bohara, Pabitra Joshi, Krishna Prasad Acharya, and Grace Ramena
Wiley
AbstractIn recent years, aquaculture has seen tremendous growth worldwide due to technological advancements, leading to research and development of various innovations. Aquaculture farmers prioritise early diagnosis for timely treatment to achieve better productive and economic performance. Aquatic animal health experts still employ traditional diagnostic methods using visual diagnosis, cell culture, media culture, histopathology and serology. However, the developments of technologies in aquamedicine, such as sequencing, biosensors and CRISPR, have enabled rapid disease detection within minutes. Furthermore, integrating sensors, drones, artificial intelligence and the internet in aquaculture farm monitoring has helped farmers take decisive actions to improve production. Advancements in diagnostic techniques have significantly enhanced the efficient detection of bacterial, viral, parasitic and fungal diseases in aquatic animals. Moreover, monitoring water quality, aquatic animal health and animal behaviour on farms has become exceptionally streamlined with cutting‐edge tools like drones, sensors and artificial intelligence. Summarising research and development in aquatic animal health and monitoring aids efficient technology adoption in aquaculture. With these advanced technologies' continued development and adoption in developed countries, the aquaculture industry is experiencing growth and increased efficiency, benefiting farmers and consumers in these regions. However, farmers and educators in developing countries lack information about these technologies. Training of agricultural educators and efficient dissemination of knowledge and technologies through advertising and publication in collaboration with companies is essential. This review delves into emerging technologies capable of replacing the conventional diagnostic and monitoring methods utilised in aquaculture. We also explore their strengths, limitations and potential future applications within aquaculture settings.
Sonu Adhikari, Sarita Phuyal, and Krishna Prasad Acharya
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Evidence of infection with the zoonotic pathogens has been reported from temple monkeys in Nepal. In this paper, the possible spillover of zoonotic pathogens from monkeys to humans is discussed.
Jeong-Seon Lee, Jae Il Shin, Sunyeup Kim, Yong-Sung Choi, Youn Ho Shin, Jimin Hwang, Jung U Shin, Ai Koyanagi, Louis Jacob, Lee Smith,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractBenefits of breastfeeding for both the mother and the child are well established, but a comprehensive and robust study to investigate the protective effect of breastfeeding and attenuated time effect stratified by cause of morbidity are lacking. This study is based on the nationwide birth cohort in Korea that includes data on all infants born from 2009 to 2015. Of 1,608,540 children, the median follow-up period was 8.41 years (interquartile range, 6.76-10.06). When compared to children with fully formula feeding, the hospital admission rate was 12% lower in those with partially breastfeeding and 15% lower in those with exclusive breastfeeding. The apparent protective effect of breastfeeding was reduced with increasing age. Our study provides potential evidence of the beneficial association of breastfeeding on subsequent hospital admissions. The protective effect declined over time as the children grew older. Encouraging any breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months among infants is an important public health strategy to improve overall child health.
Krishna Prasad Acharya and Saurav Pantha
Elsevier BV
Krishna Prasad Acharya
Elsevier BV
D Subedi, S Subedi, K P Acharya, and R Sah
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Asmita Gaire and Krishna Prasad Acharya
Brill
Abstract Nepal is a biodiversity-rich country harboring endangered wildlife species. Despite commendable achievements in conserving charismatic wildlife species like the Tiger and Rhinoceros, Nepal is still a pivotal point for the illicit wildlife trade. In this perspective, we explore the current situation of wildlife poaching and smuggling, factors conducive to such activities, and present some minimum practitioner steps for what should be tried to prevent such a situation in Nepal.
Asmita Gaire and Krishna Prasad Acharya
Brill
Abstract Human-wildlife conflict has emerged as a nexus of diverse factors. Although the conservation plans have successfully increased the density of wildlife, such as tigers and rhinos in Nepal, the human-wildlife conflict remained inevitable. This article reviews several articles based on the status and patterns of human-wildlife conflict in Nepal and its mitigating measures. The human population is steadily increasing, as is the desire for infrastructure, resulting in the deterioration and loss of wildlife habitats such as forests. These processes have increased wildlife competition for food and territory, shifting their habitats towards the farmlands and human settlements. Likewise, climate change has increased wildlife’s environmental, physiological, and hormonal stress, causing them to become more aggressive and threatening human-wildlife harmony. In this scenario, the actions on biodiversity conservation would reach the climax only if the necessary approaches are sought to manage the conflicts. An appropriate relocation approach with post-monitoring and health surveillance in wildlife-friendly landscapes could control human-wildlife conflicts with the support of the local communities and relevant governmental and non-governmental authorities. Likewise, transboundary coordination with neighboring countries, cooperation among all related stakeholders, and transparent science-based conservation management can help reduce human-wildlife conflict.
Krishna Prasad Acharya and R. Trevor Wilson
Brill
Krishna Prasad Acharya, Rosie Kwon, Seong Ho Cho, and Dong Keon Yon
Frontiers Media SA
COPYRIGHT © 2023 Acharya, Kwon, Cho and Yon. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Rabies control in Nepal: a missed opportunity
C. Ban, H. Shin, S. Eum, H. Yon, S. Lee, Y. Choi, Y. Shin, J. Shin, A. Koyanagi, L. Jacob,et al.
OBJECTIVE
There is a lack of pediatric studies that have analyzed trends in mean body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of obesity and overweight over a period that includes the mid-stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we aimed to investigate trends in BMI, overweight, and obesity among Korean adolescents from 2005 to 2021, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We used data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), which is nationally representative of South Korea. The study included middle- and high-school students between the ages of 12 and 18. We examined trends in mean BMI and prevalence of obesity and/or overweight during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared these to those of pre-pandemic trends in each subgroup by gender, grade, and residential region.
RESULTS
Data from 1,111,300 adolescents (mean age: 15.04 years) were analyzed. The estimated weighted mean BMI was 20.48 kg/m2 (95% CI, 20.46-20.51) between 2005 and 2007, and this was 21.61 kg/m2 (95% CI, 21.54-21.68) in 2021. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 13.1% (95% CI, 12.9-13.3%) between 2005 and 2007 and 23.4% (95% CI, 22.8-24.0%) in 2021. The mean BMI and prevalence of obesity and overweight have gradually increased over the past 17 years; however, the extent of change in mean BMI and in the prevalence of obesity and overweight during the pandemic was distinctly less than before. The 17-year trends in the mean BMI, obesity, and overweight exhibited a considerable rise from 2005 to 2021; however, the slope during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) was significantly less prominent than in the pre-pandemic (2005-2019).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings enable us to comprehend long-term trends in the mean BMI of Korean adolescents and further emphasize the need for practical prevention measures against youth obesity and overweight.
Deepak Subedi, Deepak Chandran, Sanju Subedi, and Krishna Prasad Acharya
MDPI AG
In many third world countries, where rabies is endemic in dog populations, humans continue to be at risk of contracting the disease. Vaccination is the most effective form of prophylaxis for people, yet it often fails to adequately protect dogs. The most major implications are the costs of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after an exposure occurs and the loss of human life and productivity due to early mortality from rabies (about 60,000 deaths annually). The largest rabies death tolls can be found in the world’s poorest regions, where rabies vaccinations for domestic dogs are uncommon and PEP is scarce. Mass vaccination of dogs, neutering programs, patient PEP, strengthening laboratory and human resources, education and awareness, and animal and human rabies surveillance are all common methods used to prevent, control, and ultimately eradicate dog-mediated human rabies. Current rabies control initiatives, however, pay little attention to the role that ecological and socioeconomic variables play in the disease’s occurrence and spread. To help better inform rabies control strategies, we address in this work the ways in which ecological and socioeconomic factors affect the occurrence and spread of rabies.
Deepak Subedi, Saurav Pantha, Deepak Chandran, Madan Bhandari, Krishna Prasad Acharya, and Kuldeep Dhama
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
The 2022 Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup will take place in Qatar and will be a one-of-a-kind mega-crowd gathering. This is the first time in history that people from all over the world would gather in such a concentrated place. There is a higher chance of spreading zoonotic illnesses from one community to another among those who travel internationally, therefore tourists should be aware of the dangers they may face and take precautions. The public health system of the country hosting the event must be equipped to avoid the spread of zoonotic diseases considering the current global climate. The potential for an increase in cases of COVID-19 and monkeypox is notably heightened by this event. Possible exotic diseases such as the Marburg virus disease could also be spread. Due to Qatar’s inexperience in hosting such major events, it is crucial to invest heavily in training for the early identification of infectious illnesses and the prevention of their spread among event attendees. Visitors to Qatar 2022 should acquire the most up-to-date information available and be aware of the usual precautions that should be followed. Your immunization record must be up to date. Hospitals and other medical facilities in Qatar would be wise to increase their readiness for mass casualty occurrences given that this small location is hosting such an event for the first time. To better meet the health needs of its population, the government of Qatar should promote health advice materials in different languages and keep an adequate supply on hand. The potential for the emergence of zoonotic diseases is briefly reviewed here considering the upcoming FIFA World Cup in 2022.
Deepak Subedi and Krishna Prasad Acharya
Elsevier BV
S. Sapkota, K. P. Acharya, R. Laven, and N. Acharya
MDPI AG
Yak are adapted to the extreme cold, low oxygen, and high solar radiation of the Himalaya. Traditionally, they are kept at high altitude pastures during summer, moving lower in the winter. This system is highly susceptible to climate change, which has increased ambient temperatures, altered rainfall patterns and increased the occurrence of natural disasters. Changes in temperature and precipitation reduced the yield and productivity of alpine pastures, principally because the native plant species are being replaced by less useful shrubs and weeds. The impact of climate change on yak is likely to be mediated through heat stress, increased contact with other species, especially domestic cattle, and alterations in feed availability. Yak have a very low temperature humidity index (52 vs. 72 for cattle) and a narrow thermoneutral range (5–13 °C), so climate change has potentially exposed yak to heat stress in summer and winter. Heat stress is likely to affect both reproductive performance and milk production, but we lack the data to quantify such effects. Increased contact with other species, especially domestic cattle, is likely to increase disease risk. This is likely to be exacerbated by other climate-change-associated factors, such as increases in vector-borne disease, because of increases in vector ranges, and overcrowding associated with reduced pasture availability. However, lack of baseline yak disease data means it is difficult to quantify these changes in disease risk and the few papers claiming to have identified such increases do not provide robust evidence of increased diseases. The reduction in feed availability in traditional pastures may be thought to be the most obvious impact of climate change on yak; however, it is clear that such a reduction is not solely due to climate change, with socio-economic factors likely being more important. This review has highlighted the large potential negative impact of climate change on yak, and the lack of data quantifying that impact. More research on the impact of climate change in yak is needed. Attention also needs to be paid to developing mitigating strategies, which may include changes in the traditional system such as providing shelter and supplementary feed and, in marginal areas, increased use of yak–cattle hybrids.
Krishna Prasad Acharya, Rakesh Chand, Falk Huettmann, and Tirth Raj Ghimire
Hindawi Limited
Rabies is a vaccine-preventable fatal viral disease that is zoonotic in nature. In this article, we provide a justification why the agreement of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC) on The Global Strategic Plan to End Human Deaths from Dog-mediated Rabies by 2030 should also include a more holistic approach and ecologic views.
Krishna Prasad Acharya, Tirth Raj Ghimire, and Supram Hosuru Subramanya
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Krishna Prasad Acharya, Suraj Marahatta, and Richard Trevor Wilson
Hindawi Limited
Toyanath Joshi, Ram Prasad Mainali, Srijana Marasini, Krishna Prasad Acharya, and Santosh Adhikari
Elsevier BV
Supram Hosuru Subramanya, Daniel M. Czyż, Krishna Prasad Acharya, and Hilary Humphreys
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Krishna Prasad Acharya, Deepak Subedi, and Richard Trevor Wilson
Elsevier BV
Lok Bahadur Shrestha, Gopiram Syangtan, Ajaya Basnet, Krishna Prasad Acharya, Arun Bahadur Chand, and Khilasa Pokhrel
Journal of Nepal Medical Association (JNMA)
Staphylococcus aureus is both a frequent commensal and a leading cause of endocarditis, bacteremia, osteomyelitis and skin and soft tissue infections and device-related infections. We performed this minireview to summarize the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among clinical samples and estimate the proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates in Nepal is 34.5%. On average, the proportion of multi-drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is 57.1%. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus accounts for a total of 41.7%. Inducible clindamycin resistance was detected in about 35% of the isolates. A regular antimicrobial resistance surveillance mechanism is necessary to mitigate the development of resistance among organisms and further spread of superbugs like methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus.
Nicolette Wright, Deepak Subedi, Saurav Pantha, Krishna Prasad Acharya, and Louis Hendrik Nel
MDPI AG
Despite being vaccine preventable, the global burden of dog rabies remains significant, and historically it is the rural and marginalized communities in developing countries of Africa and Asia that are most threatened by the disease. In recent years, the developing world has been experiencing unprecedented increases in urbanization, with a correspondingly massive increase in municipal solid waste generation, among other things. Inefficient and inadequate waste collection and management, due to lack of resources and planning, led to significant increases in the volumes of waste on the streets and in open dumps, where it serves as food sources for free-roaming dogs. In this commentary, we discuss examples of poor waste management and the likely impact on rabies control efforts through the sustenance of free-roaming dogs in some dog rabies-endemic countries. We aim to stress the importance of implementing strategies that effectively address this particular issue as an important component of humane dog population management, as it relates to aspirations for the control and elimination of dog rabies per se.