Amal I. El-refaiy

@azhar.edu.eg

Department of Agricultural Zoology and Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture (Cairo), Al–Azhar University.
Associate Professor/ Al-azhar Univeristy

Amal I. El-refaiy


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https://researchid.co/amalelrefaiy

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Animal Science and Zoology, Cell Biology, Endocrinology, Structural Biology
8

Scopus Publications

315

Scholar Citations

8

Scholar h-index

6

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • Impact of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaf aqueous extract on immunological response of mice after Schistosoma mansoni infection
    Amal I. El-Refaiy, Nahed S. Amer, Amani Alhejely, Safa H. Qahl, Amira M. Shaban, et al.
    Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 2025
  • Protective effects of lemon and orange peels and olive oil on doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation pathways
    Amal I. El-Refaiy, Zainab A. Salem, Abdelnaser A. Badawy, Naief Dahran, Muhammad A. Desouky, et al.
    Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2025
    Background/aimCompounds originating from plants, especially citrus fruits and olive oil, have anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and antioxidant characteristics. Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antineoplastic, induces cardiotoxicity by generating free radicals. This study aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of orange (OP) and lemon (LP) peels and olive oil (OO) against DOX-induced myocardial damage in rats.MethodsThirty adult male albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups, with six rats in each group. The control group was labeled Group I (Cnt), while Group II (DOX) got DOX intraperitoneally. Groups III, IV, and V were given a combination of DOX with OP, LP, or OO, respectively. After 28 days, cardiac biomarkers (AST, LDH, CK, cTnT), oxidative stress markers (NO, MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx), apoptotic genes (Bax, caspase 3, Bcl2), NFκB and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1β) were assessed. Histopathological analysis of the heart was also conducted.ResultsDOX-treated rats showed significant functional and structural cardiac damage, characterized by elevated AST, LDH, CK, cTnT, NO, MDA, Bax, caspase 3, NFκB, TNFα, IL1β and reduced SOD, CAT, GPx, and Bcl2 levels. These rats exhibited myocardial necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, mitochondrial damage, and myofibril atrophy. Treatment with OP, LP, or OO mitigated these effects, with OO providing the most substantial protection.ConclusionThese findings suggest that OP, LP, or OO can reduce DOX-induced cardiac toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.
  • Unraveling the Nephroprotective Potential of Papaverine against Cisplatin Toxicity through Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Insights from In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Investigations
    Shimaa A. Abass, Abdullah A. Elgazar, Sanad S. El-kholy, Amal I. El-Refaiy, Reem A. Nawaya, et al.
    Molecules Basel Switzerland, 2024
    Cisplatin is a potent compound in anti-tumor chemotherapy; however, its clinical utility is hampered by dose-limiting nephrotoxicity. This study investigated whether papaverine could mitigate cisplatin-induced kidney damage while preserving its chemotherapeutic efficacy. Integrative bioinformatics analysis predicted papaverine modulation of the mechanistic pathways related to cisplatin renal toxicity; notably, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) signaling. We validated protective effects in normal kidney cells without interfering with cisplatin cytotoxicity on a cancer cell line. Concurrent in vivo administration of papaverine alongside cisplatin in rats prevented elevations in nephrotoxicity markers, including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and renal oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and pro-inflammatory cytokines), as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Papaverine also reduced apoptosis markers such as Bcl2 and Bcl-2–associated X protein (Bax) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and histological damage. In addition, it upregulates antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) while boosting anti-inflammatory signaling interleukin-10 (IL-10). These effects were underlined by the ability of Papaverine to downregulate MAPK-1 expression. Overall, these findings show papaverine could protect against cisplatin kidney damage without reducing its cytotoxic activity. Further research would allow the transition of these results to clinical practice.
  • Anticryptosporidium efficacy of olea europaea and ficus carica leaves extract in immunocompromised mice associated with biochemical characters and antioxidative system
    Wafaa Fayez Abd El-Hamed, Nahed Samy Yousef, Yasser S. A. Mazrou, Walaa A. E. S. Elkholy, Amal I. El-Refaiy, et al.
    Cells, 2021
    Cryptosporidiosis is caused by an opportunistic protozoan parasite (Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis) known as a parasite of humans, especially children and immunocompromised patients. The current study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a mixture of fig and olive leaf extracts as an alternative medicinal plant. Parasitological examination for oocysts in the stool and histopathological alterations in the small intestines were examined. Additionally, biochemical analyses of liver and kidney functions in addition to antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in the plasma were evaluated. Our results showed that marked reduction in oocysts shedding and amelioration in intestinal histopathological changes and hepatic or renal functions were detected in all treated groups compared to the control infected group. Additionally, the treated groups with tested extracts at ratios 1:3 and 1:5 showed a significant decrease in the number of oocysts compared to the other treated groups. Results exhibited a significant increase in the plasma SOD, CAT and GSH levels in treated groups compared to the infected control one. This study suggested that a mixture of fig and olive leaf extracts is a convenient promising therapeutic agent for Cryptosporidiosis.
  • Immobilization stress- related alterations in ultrastructure of skeletal muscle of albino rat and the role of diazepam
    Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2014
  • Effect of immobilization stress on the cytoskeletal intermediate filaments of rat stomach and the possible curative role of diazepam
    Life Science Journal, 2013
  • Histopathology and cytotoxicity as biomarkers in treated rats with cadmium and some therapeutic agents
    Amal I. El-Refaiy, Fawzy I. Eissa
    Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2013
  • Protective effects of ascorbic acid and zinc against cadmium-induced histopathological, histochemical and cytogenetic changes in rats
    Comunicata Scientiae, 2012

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Magnetized water mitigates AlCl3-induced oxidative stress and Alzheimer's-like neurotoxicity in rats
    SFM Dawoud, SA El-Shazly, AI El-Refaiy, HI Ghamry, AM Sharaf-Eldin, ...
    Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 18 (3), 101660 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 2
  • Impact of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaf aqueous extract on immunological response of mice after Schistosoma mansoni infection
    AI El-Refaiy, NS Amer, A Alhejely, SH Qahl, AM Shaban, AE Mohamed, ...
    Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 262, 111673 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 5
  • Protective effects of lemon and orange peels and olive oil on doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation pathways
    AI El-Refaiy, ZA Salem, AA Badawy, N Dahran, MA Desouky, MA El-Magd
    Frontiers in Pharmacology 16, 1506673 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 8
  • Unraveling the nephroprotective potential of papaverine against cisplatin toxicity through mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation: insights from in silico, in vitro, and …
    SA Abass, AA Elgazar, SS El-Kholy, AI El-Refaiy, RA Nawaya, MA Bhat, ...
    Molecules 29 (9), 1927 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 27
  • Ameliorative Effect of Dandelion Leaves Extract Against Liver Injury Induced by Schistosomiasis in Mice
    NS Amer, AI El-Refaiy
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2554-2569 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 5
  • Anticryptosporidium Efficacy of Olea europaea and Ficus carica Leaves Extract in Immunocompromised Mice Associated with Biochemical Characters and …
    WF Abd El-Hamed, NS Yousef, YSA Mazrou, WAES Elkholy, AI El-Refaiy, ...
    Cells 10 (9), 2419 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 21
  • Short Term Effects of Dexamethasone on Histological Structure of Adrenal Gland and Testis of Male Mouse
    AI El-Refaiy
    Current Science International 8 (4), 838-845 , 2019
    2019
  • Changes in the Cytoskeletal Intermediate Filaments of Testicular Tissues of Rabbits Related with Age and the Prophylactic Role of Vitamin E
    NIE Desouki1, AI El-Refaiy2, DF Afifi1, H Talaat1
    International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 8 (6), 260-271 , 2017
    2017
  • Cytogenetical study on the Effect of Immobilization Stress on Albino Rat and the Ameliorative Role of Diazepam
    HAAMME Amal I. El-Refaiy1,2, Nabila I. El-Desouki3
    Current Science International , 2017
    2017
    Citations: 2
  • Histological study on the effect of meloxicam on cardiac muscles and gastric mucosa in adult male albino rats
    EHEAI El-Refaiy
    Middle East Journal of Applied Science 6 (2) , 2017
    2017
  • Age-Related Changes in the Histological Structure of Rabbit Testes and the Prophylactic Role of Vitamin E
    NI El-Desouki, AI El-Refaiy, DF Afifi, H Talaat
    Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research 2 (5), 312-318 , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 1
  • Age-related changes in histological and cytoskeletal intermediate filaments of rabbits thyroid glands and the prophylactic role of vitamin E
    NI El-Desouki, DF Afifi, AI El-Refaiy, H Talaat
    Glob Vet 13 (13), 511-519 , 2014
    2014
    Citations: 6
  • Immobilization Stress- Related alterations in Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle of Albino Rat and the Role of Diazepam.
    AIERAAAK Nabila I El-Desouki , Dalia F Afifi
    Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 5 (4 … , 2014
    2014
    Citations: 2
  • Histopathology and cytotoxicity as biomarkers in treated rats with cadmium and some therapeutic agents
    AI El-Refaiy, FI Eissa
    Saudi journal of biological sciences 20 (3), 265-280 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 131
  • Effect of immobilization stress on the cytoskeletal intermediate filaments of rat stomach and the possible curative role of diazepam
    NI El–Desouki, AI El-Refaiy, GM Sayed, MA Ibrahim, HN Mohamed
    Life Sci J Assist Repred Genet 2 (3), 10 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 3
  • Protective effects of ascorbic acid and zinc against cadmium-induced histopathological, histochemical and cytogenetic changes in rats
    AI El-Refaiy, F Eissa
    Comunicata Scientiae 3 (3), 162-180 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 52
  • ANTIMUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF CHITOSAN AGAINST THE CY-TOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY AFLATOXINS IN RATS
    GAB EL-FADLY, OLAA GALAL, AA EL-REFAIY, AA MUSTAFA, ...
    Egyptian Journal of Genetics And Cytology 41 (1) , 2012
    2012
  • Histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies of the cardiac muscle of the albino rat under immobilization stress and the curative role of diazepam
    NI El-Desouki, AI El-Refaiy, DF Afifi, AA Abdel-Kader
    The Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Zoology) 8 (2), 273-285 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 14
  • COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE PANCREAS OF TWO SPECIES OF DOVE, STREPTOPELIA ROSEOGRISAE AND STREPTOPELIA SENEGALENSIS
    AI El-Refaiy, DFA Abou-Zaid, NI El-Desouki
    THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Zoology) 7 (2), 313-313 , 2011
    2011
  • HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE STOMACH OF IMMOBILIZED - STRESSED ALBINO RAT AND THE CURATIVE ROLE OF DIAZEPAM
    GMSEDNIERAIIMAEMH Nagy*
    Egypt. J. Exp. Biol. (Zool.), 7 (2), 153-161 , 2011
    2011
    Citations: 6

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Histopathology and cytotoxicity as biomarkers in treated rats with cadmium and some therapeutic agents
    AI El-Refaiy, FI Eissa
    Saudi journal of biological sciences 20 (3), 265-280 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 131
  • Protective effects of ascorbic acid and zinc against cadmium-induced histopathological, histochemical and cytogenetic changes in rats
    AI El-Refaiy, F Eissa
    Comunicata Scientiae 3 (3), 162-180 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 52
  • Unraveling the nephroprotective potential of papaverine against cisplatin toxicity through mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation: insights from in silico, in vitro, and …
    SA Abass, AA Elgazar, SS El-Kholy, AI El-Refaiy, RA Nawaya, MA Bhat, ...
    Molecules 29 (9), 1927 , 2024
    2024
    Citations: 27
  • Anticryptosporidium Efficacy of Olea europaea and Ficus carica Leaves Extract in Immunocompromised Mice Associated with Biochemical Characters and …
    WF Abd El-Hamed, NS Yousef, YSA Mazrou, WAES Elkholy, AI El-Refaiy, ...
    Cells 10 (9), 2419 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 21
  • Histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies of the cardiac muscle of the albino rat under immobilization stress and the curative role of diazepam
    NI El-Desouki, AI El-Refaiy, DF Afifi, AA Abdel-Kader
    The Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Zoology) 8 (2), 273-285 , 2012
    2012
    Citations: 14
  • Histological and histochemical studies on the testes of albino rat under immobilization stress and the possible curative role of diazepam
    AI El-Refaiy
    J Egypt Ger Soc Zool 60, 1-22 , 2010
    2010
    Citations: 10
  • Protective effects of lemon and orange peels and olive oil on doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation pathways
    AI El-Refaiy, ZA Salem, AA Badawy, N Dahran, MA Desouky, MA El-Magd
    Frontiers in Pharmacology 16, 1506673 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 8
  • Histological and ultrasructural studies of the effect of immobilization stress on the adrenal cortex of albino rat and the ameliorative role of diazepam
    N El-Desouki, A El-Refaiy, H Abdel-Azeem, M El-Baely
    J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool 62, 25-45 , 2011
    2011
    Citations: 8
  • Age-related changes in histological and cytoskeletal intermediate filaments of rabbits thyroid glands and the prophylactic role of vitamin E
    NI El-Desouki, DF Afifi, AI El-Refaiy, H Talaat
    Glob Vet 13 (13), 511-519 , 2014
    2014
    Citations: 6
  • HISTOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE STOMACH OF IMMOBILIZED - STRESSED ALBINO RAT AND THE CURATIVE ROLE OF DIAZEPAM
    GMSEDNIERAIIMAEMH Nagy*
    Egypt. J. Exp. Biol. (Zool.), 7 (2), 153-161 , 2011
    2011
    Citations: 6
  • Biochemical and histological studies on the Ameliorative role of fenugreek products in tannic acid-induced iron deficiency anemia in Albino rats
    ERA Ibrahim, MN Yehia
    Egypt. J. Exp. Biol 7, 185-196 , 2011
    2011
    Citations: 6
  • Impact of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaf aqueous extract on immunological response of mice after Schistosoma mansoni infection
    AI El-Refaiy, NS Amer, A Alhejely, SH Qahl, AM Shaban, AE Mohamed, ...
    Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 262, 111673 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 5
  • Ameliorative Effect of Dandelion Leaves Extract Against Liver Injury Induced by Schistosomiasis in Mice
    NS Amer, AI El-Refaiy
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2554-2569 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 5
  • Effect of immobilization stress on the cytoskeletal intermediate filaments of rat stomach and the possible curative role of diazepam
    NI El–Desouki, AI El-Refaiy, GM Sayed, MA Ibrahim, HN Mohamed
    Life Sci J Assist Repred Genet 2 (3), 10 , 2013
    2013
    Citations: 3
  • A study on some lymphoid organs of two common species of bats from Egypt, Rousettus aegypticus and Taphozous nudiventris
    WY Attia, N El‐Desouki, GA Madkour, AEI Sayed, A El‐Refaiy
    Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Zoology) 3, 151-161 , 2007
    2007
    Citations: 3
  • Histological, cytological and histochemical studies on the stomach of two common species of Egyptian bats, Rousettus aegyptiacus and Taphozous nudiventris
    NI El-Desouki, G Madkour, AEH Sayed, WY Attia, AI El-Refaiy
    Egyptian Journal of Experimental Biology (Zoology) 152, 137-152 , 2006
    2006
    Citations: 3
  • Magnetized water mitigates AlCl3-induced oxidative stress and Alzheimer's-like neurotoxicity in rats
    SFM Dawoud, SA El-Shazly, AI El-Refaiy, HI Ghamry, AM Sharaf-Eldin, ...
    Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 18 (3), 101660 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 2
  • Cytogenetical study on the Effect of Immobilization Stress on Albino Rat and the Ameliorative Role of Diazepam
    HAAMME Amal I. El-Refaiy1,2, Nabila I. El-Desouki3
    Current Science International , 2017
    2017
    Citations: 2
  • Immobilization Stress- Related alterations in Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle of Albino Rat and the Role of Diazepam.
    AIERAAAK Nabila I El-Desouki , Dalia F Afifi
    Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 5 (4 … , 2014
    2014
    Citations: 2
  • Age-Related Changes in the Histological Structure of Rabbit Testes and the Prophylactic Role of Vitamin E
    NI El-Desouki, AI El-Refaiy, DF Afifi, H Talaat
    Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research 2 (5), 312-318 , 2016
    2016
    Citations: 1