Molecular Boomerangs Against Cancer: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Study of Novel Dual PARP-1/EGFR Inhibitors Haytham O. Tawfik, Amr Tayel, Salma M. Hefny, Tarfah Al‐Warhi, Nada K. Sedky, Anwar A. El‐Hamaky, Nourhan A. Khattab, Ahmed K. B. A. W. Farouk, Moataz A. Shaldam, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Mohamed S. Nafie Drug Development Research, 2026 A possible method for improving anti‐cancer efficacy is the combination of the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1). This work describes the rational design, synthesis, and complete characterization of a novel class of boomerang‐shaped dual PARP‐1/EGFR inhibitors ( 3a – o ). HepG‐2 and MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cell lines were used to test the synthesized compounds’ antiproliferative potential; MDA‐MB‐231 cells showed greater sensitivity. Compounds 3h , 3i , and 3j had the strongest cytotoxic effects among the series, with IC 50 values of 0.23, 0.90, and 1.40 µM, respectively, against MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Compared with the reference medications erlotinib and olaparib, compound 3h showed the highest dual inhibition (EGFR IC 50 = 1.62 µM and PARP‐1 IC 50 = 0.36 µM) in enzymatic experiments, demonstrating that these compounds effectively inhibited both EGFR and PARP‐1. Compound 3h strongly promoted apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, increasing the total apoptotic population to 20.04% and causing G1‐phase cell‐cycle arrest, as determined by mechanistic studies. In vivo tumor growth inhibition trials showed a tumor inhibition rate (TIR%) of 41.4% for compound 3h compared to 48.8% for doxorubicin (DOX). Liver function biomarkers and hematological parameters remained within the acceptable levels following compound 3h treatment. The dual‐target activity of compound 3h was further validated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, which demonstrated persistent binding contacts within the active sites of PARP‐1 and EGFR.
Pyrazole–triazole hybrids as kinase-triad inhibitors: a triple-target strategy for synergistic anticancer therapy Mahmoud S. Elkotamy, Mohamed K. Elgohary, Mariam M. Fakhry, Mohamed E. Albakri, Abdelrahman A. Naglah, Abdulrahman A. Almehizia, Ahmed M. Naglah, Mohamed Fares, Haytham O. Tawfik, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz Rsc Medicinal Chemistry, 2026 The ongoing issue of drug resistance and the lack of specificity in existing cancer treatments highlight the necessity for innovative multi-target agents.
Thiazole-Semicarbazone Hybrids as Dual-Stage Inhibitors of Leishmania major Growth: Design, Synthesis, and Mechanistic Insights Moataz A. Shaldam, Haytham O. Tawfik, Abdelrahman I. Zain‐Alabdeen, Rehan Monir, Mohamed R. Elnagar, Sherry N. Nasralla, Tamer M. Ibrahim, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Adnan A. Bekhit, Heba A. Elsebaie Drug Development Research, 2026 As a neglected tropical disease, Leishmaniasis continues to pose a serious threat to world health, especially in areas with limited resources. There is a pressing need for safer and more effective antileishmanial drugs due to the limited efficacy, toxicity, and rising resistance of available agents. We report the rational design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of 15 hybrid compounds ( 3a‐o ), utilizing the thiazole and semicarbazone pharmacophores, two privileged scaffolds recognized for their wide range of biological activity. Both intracellular amastigote and promastigote forms of Leishmania major were used to test the synthesized compounds' antileishmanial potential. With IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.97 to 10.18 µM against promastigotes and from 3.47 to 12.36 µM against amastigotes, a number of compounds demonstrated greater activity than the reference medication miltefosine. Selectivity indices revealed that compounds 3c , 3d , 3h , and 3i were the most potent, exhibiting a desirable balance between efficacy and cytotoxicity. The robust binding affinities and consistent interactions of these lead compounds inside the PTR1 and DHFR active sites were further supported by in silico docking. In conclusion, this study presents a novel chemotype that shows great promise for future advancement as a potent and focused antileishmanial treatment.
Exploring pyrazoline-thiophene hybrids as CDK2 inhibitors: synthesis, mechanism, biological studies, and computational insights Heba M. Abosalim, Tarek F. El-Moselhy, Nabaweya Sharafeldin, Mohamed S. Nafie, Mohamed K. Diab, Mervat H. El-Hamamsy, Haytham O. Tawfik Rsc Medicinal Chemistry, 2026 Novel pyrazoline-linked thiophenes were synthesized as anticancer agents. Lead compound 4p showed sub-micromolar cytotoxicity, induced CDK2-mediated apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, and reduced tumor burden in vivo with low toxicity.
Synthesis of new trans-ferulic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents and VEGFR-2 inhibitors Asmaa N. Mohie, Mahmoud A. Doheim, Ragab A. El Masry, Ayman M. Gomaa, Rofaida Salem, Haytham O. Tawfik, Wagdy M. Eldehna Rsc Medicinal Chemistry, 2026 By using –OH blocking, seven TFA derivatives were created. Compound 4e regulated AFP, BCL-2, caspase-3, and P53, inhibited VEGFR-2 in docking, and exhibited the maximum cytotoxicity against HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 with a safe profile.
Discovery of enaminone-linked benzofuran derivatives as dual VEGFR-2/hCA IX inhibitors exhibiting hypoxia-mediated chemosensitization Wagdy M. Eldehna, Zainab M. Elsayed, Mohamed R. Elnagar, Andrea Ammara, Mahmoud S. Elkotamy, Rehan Monir, Alessio Nocentini, Mohammed M. Al-Sanea, Claudiu T. Supuran, Haytham O. Tawfik, Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz, Ahmed T. Negmeldin Rsc Medicinal Chemistry, 2026 The overexpression of VEGFR-2 and carbonic anhydrase IX (hCA IX), two proven therapeutic targets in aggressive malignancies, is closely associated with hypoxia-driven tumor growth.
Pharmacophore modeling: advances and pitfalls Mahmoud Y. Elsaka, M. Modather Taha, Amr Tayel, Haytham O. Tawfik, Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim, Tamer Shoeib Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 2026
The plausible mechanisms of tramadol for treatment of COVID-19 Nahla E. El-Ashmawy, Abdel-Halim A. Lashin, Kamal M. Okasha, Amal M. Abo Kamer, Tarek M. Mostafa, Mona El-Aasr, Ahmed E. Goda, Yusuf A. Haggag, Haytham O. Tawfik, Mariam A. Abo-Saif Medical Hypotheses, 2021
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Imidazopyridine-Isatin Hybrids as Inhibitors of Leishmania major Growth MA El Hassab, WM Eldehna, ZM Elsayed, MM Elbadawi, AT Negmeldin, ... Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 570670 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Patents involving monoamine oxidase (MAO): a comprehensive update (2022–2025) on its inhibitors and applications MA Shaldam, S Carradori, M Balaha, P Guglielmi, F Diomede, ... Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 36 (4), 363-387 , 2026 2026 Citations: 2
Thiazole‐Semicarbazone Hybrids as Dual‐Stage Inhibitors of Leishmania major Growth: Design, Synthesis, and Mechanistic Insights MA Shaldam, HO Tawfik, AI Zain‐Alabdeen, R Monir, MR Elnagar, ... Drug Development Research 87 (2), e70275 , 2026 2026
Isatin-triazole/imidazole hybrids as dual CDK2/VEGFR2 inhibitors with potent anti-cancer activity: design, synthesis, and biological evaluations ZM Elsayed, M Balaha, HO Tawfik, EF Khaleel, MA Shaldam, ... Bioorganic Chemistry, 109790 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Anti-ulcer and Antibiofilm Activities of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Leaves: Biological and In-Silico Insights HI Ghanem, SA El-Sherbeni, AR Azzam, E Elekhnawy, HO Tawfik, ... Journal of Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, 26-37 , 2026 2026
Biphenyl urea derivatives as novel GPX4 inhibitors: ferroptosis-mediated antiproliferative activity against CNS cancer cells WM Eldehna, SM Hefny, HA Elsebaie, H Aref, AA El-Hamaky, HO Tawfik, ... Bioorganic Chemistry, 109714 , 2026 2026
Discovery of potent bisindole-based pyrazolopyridine derivatives as topoisomerase inhibitors: DNA damage induction and synergistic antileukemic activity WM Eldehna, HO Tawfik, D Veselá, M Peřina, AT Negmeldin, ZM Elsayed, ... Frontiers in Pharmacology 17, 1745220 , 2026 2026
Chalcones as neuroprotective and anti-Alzheimer’s disease agents MA Shaldam, M Balaha, HO Tawfik, P Guglielmi, F Diomede, ... Chalcones, 351-404 , 2026 2026
Development of novel chalcone-based quinazoline derivatives as dual VEGFR-2 and EGFR inhibitors Z Elsayed, HO Tawfik, LR Hemeda, MS Nafie, H Almahli, R Monir, IA Sindi, ... RSC Medicinal Chemistry , 2026 2026
Pyrazole–triazole hybrids as kinase-triad inhibitors: a triple-target strategy for synergistic anticancer therapy MS Elkotamy, MK Elgohary, MM Fakhry, ME Albakri, AA Naglah, ... RSC Medicinal Chemistry , 2026 2026
Synthesis of new trans-ferulic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents and VEGFR-2 inhibitors AN Mohie, MA Doheim, RA El Masry, AM Gomaa, R Salem, HO Tawfik, ... RSC Medicinal Chemistry 17 (3), 1636-1650 , 2026 2026
Exploring pyrazoline-thiophene hybrids as CDK2 inhibitors: synthesis, mechanism, biological studies, and computational insights HM Abosalim, TF El-Moselhy, N Sharafeldin, MS Nafie, MK Diab, ... RSC Medicinal Chemistry 17 (3), 1651-1671 , 2026 2026 Citations: 4
Discovery of enaminone-linked benzofuran derivatives as dual VEGFR-2/hCA IX inhibitors exhibiting hypoxia-mediated chemosensitization WM Eldehna, ZM Elsayed, MR Elnagar, A Ammara, MS Elkotamy, R Monir, ... RSC Medicinal Chemistry , 2026 2026 Citations: 5
Beyond Docking: Intelligent Modeling and the New Landscape of Drug-Protein Interactions MM Taha, A Tayel, HO Tawfik, T Shoeib IntechOpen , 2025 2025
Piperidine-based small molecules as dual-stage antileishmanial agents targeting parasite folate pathway T Al-Warhi, HO Tawfik, NM Rashad, MA Shaldam, SN Nasralla, ... Bioorganic Chemistry, 109392 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Discovery of Novel Piperidinyl-Based Benzoxazole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents Targeting VEGFR-2 and c-Met Kinases WM Eldehna, ZM Elsayed, MR Elnagar, AH El-Said, TA Majrashi, ... Pharmaceuticals 18 (12), 1875 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Identification of Benzenesulfonamide-Containing Thiazolidine-2, 4-Dione Derivatives as Novel Carbonic Anhydrase II and VII Inhibitors with Anti-Epileptic Activity MM Eldesouki, MA Alkabbani, MS Taghour, A Ammara, DM Elimam, ... Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 68 (24), 26280-26297 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Next‐Generation Proteolysis‐Targeting Chimeras in Precision Oncology: Multifunctional Designs, Emerging Modalities, and Translational Prospects in Targeted Protein Degradation MS Nafie, MK Diab, ASA Yassen, AM Elshamy, MR El Tohamy, HO Tawfik, ... Drug Development Research 86 (8), e70192 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Development of New Pyrazolo [3,4- b ]Pyridine Derivatives as Potent Anti-Leukemic Agents and Topoisomerase IIα Inhibitors with Broad-Spectrum Cytotoxicity WM Eldehna, HO Tawfik, D Veselá, V Vojáčková, AT Negmeldin, ... Pharmaceuticals 18 (11), 1770 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Therapeutic targeting of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7): mechanistic insights, dysregulation, and advances in drug discovery AA El-Hamaky, MH El-Hamamsy, TF El-Moselhy, N Sharafeldin, ... European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 296, 117872 , 2025 2025 Citations: 11
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Ligand-based design on the dog-bone-shaped BIBR1532 pharmacophoric features and synthesis of novel analogues as promising telomerase inhibitors with in vitro and in vivo … AA Al-Karmalawy, MS Nafie, MA Shaldam, AA Elmaaty, SA Antar, ... Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 66 (1), 777-792 , 2022 2022 Citations: 68
Discovery of new carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors as anticancer agents by toning the hydrophobic and hydrophilic rims of the active site to encounter the dual-tail approach HO Tawfik, A Petreni, CT Supuran, MH El-Hamamsy European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 232 (15), 1-20 , 2022 2022 Citations: 67
Discovery and mechanistic studies of dual-target hits for carbonic anhydrase IX and VEGFR-2 as potential agents for solid tumors: X-ray, in vitro, in vivo, and in silico … SM Hefny, TF El-Moselhy, N El-Din, S Giovannuzzi, T Bin Traiki, ... Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 67 (9), 7406-7430 , 2024 2024 Citations: 48
Discovery of sulfonamide-tethered isatin derivatives as novel anticancer agents and VEGFR-2 inhibitors MA Shaldam, H Almahli, A Angeli, RM Badi, EF Khaleel, ... Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 38 (1), 2203389 , 2023 2023 Citations: 48
A new framework for novel analogues of pazopanib as potent and selective human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Design, repurposing rational, synthesis, crystallographic, in vivo … SM Hefny, TF El-Moselhy, N El-Din, A Ammara, A Angeli, M Ferraroni, ... European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 274, 116527 , 2024 2024 Citations: 42
Novel 4-(2-arylidenehydrazineyl) thienopyrimidine derivatives as anticancer EGFR inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, kinome selectivity and in silico insights HA Elsebaie, EA El-Bastawissy, KM Elberembally, EF Khaleel, RM Badi, ... Bioorganic Chemistry 140, 106799 , 2023 2023 Citations: 39
The plausible mechanisms of tramadol for treatment of COVID-19 NE El-Ashmawy, AHA Lashin, KM Okasha, AMA Kamer, TM Mostafa, ... Medical Hypotheses 146, 110468 , 2021 2021 Citations: 36
Discovery of novel pyridazine-tethered sulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors for the management of glaucoma HO Tawfik, MM Saleh, A Ammara, EF Khaleel, R Badi, YTT Khater, ... Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 67 (2), 1611-1623 , 2024 2024 Citations: 35
Lead optimization of BIBR1591 to improve its telomerase inhibitory activity: design and synthesis of novel four chemical series with in silico, in vitro, and in vivo … AA Al-Karmalawy, MHA Mousa, M Sharaky, MAE Mourad, ... Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 67 (1), 492-512 , 2023 2023 Citations: 35
Novel 3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl) coumarin-based chalcones as selective inhibitors of cancer-related carbonic anhydrases IX and XII endowed with anti-proliferative activity HO Tawfik, MA Shaldam, A Nocentini, R Salem, H Almahli, ... Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry 37 (1), 1043-1052 , 2022 2022 Citations: 35
New genetic bomb trigger: Design, synthesis, molecular dynamics simulation, and biological evaluation of novel BIBR1532-related analogs targeting telomerase against non-small … HO Tawfik, AA El-Hamaky, EA El-Bastawissy, KA Shcherbakov, ... Pharmaceuticals 15 (4), 481 , 2022 2022 Citations: 34
Unveiling the potential of isatin-grafted phenyl-1, 2, 3-triazole derivatives as dual VEGFR-2/STAT-3 inhibitors: Design, synthesis and biological assessments HA Elsebaie, MH Abdulla, ZM Elsayed, MA Shaldam, HO Tawfik, ... Bioorganic Chemistry 151, 107626 , 2024 2024 Citations: 33
Development of new thieno [2, 3-d] pyrimidines as dual EGFR and STAT3 inhibitors endowed with anticancer and pro-apoptotic activities HA Elsebaie, TF El-Moselhy, EA El-Bastawissy, KM Elberembally, ... Bioorganic Chemistry 143, 107101 , 2024 2024 Citations: 33
Investigating the potential anticancer activities of antibiotics as topoisomerase II inhibitors and DNA intercalators: in vitro , molecular docking, molecular dynamics … F Farouk, AA Elmaaty, A Elkamhawy, HO Tawfik, R Alnajjar, ... Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 38 (1), 2171029 , 2023 2023 Citations: 33
Novel fused imidazotriazines acting as promising top. II inhibitors and apoptotic inducers with greater selectivity against head and neck tumors: Design, synthesis, and … AA Al-Karmalawy, M Rashed, M Sharaky, HS Abulkhair, MM Hammouda, ... European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 259, 115661 , 2023 2023 Citations: 29
Design, synthesis, and molecular docking study of new monastrol analogues as kinesin spindle protein inhibitors MH El‐Hamamsy, NA Sharafeldin, TF El‐Moselhy, HO Tawfik Archiv der Pharmazie 353 (8), 1-18 , 2020 2020 Citations: 29
Design, synthesis, and bioactivity of dihydropyrimidine derivatives as kinesin spindle protein inhibitors HO Tawfik, TF El-Moselhy, NA Sharafeldin, MH El-Hamamsy Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 27 (23), 1-16 , 2019 2019 Citations: 29
2, 4-Diaryl-pyrimido [1, 2-a] benzimidazole derivatives as novel anticancer agents endowed with potent anti-leukemia activity: Synthesis, biological evaluation and kinase profiling MA Shaldam, D Hendrychová, R El-Haggar, V Vojáčková, TA Majrashi, ... European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 258, 115610 , 2023 2023 Citations: 28
Terminators or guardians? Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity profiling of chalcone-sulfonamide hybrids SM Aboukhatwa, PA Sidhom, A Angeli, CT Supuran, HO Tawfik ACS omega 8 (8), 7666-7683 , 2023 2023 Citations: 27
Synthesis, crystallographic, DNA binding, and molecular docking/dynamic studies of a privileged chalcone-sulfonamide hybrid scaffold as a promising anticancer agent M Shaldam, H Tawfik, H Elmansi, F Belal, K Yamaguchi, M Sugiura, ... Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 41 (18), 8876-8890 , 2023 2023 Citations: 23