Computer Networks and Communications, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Control and Systems Engineering
97
Scopus Publications
1890
Scholar Citations
24
Scholar h-index
55
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
An Efficient and Robust Protocol to Accelerate Message Delivery in Cellular Dead Spots Ergys Puka, Peter Herrmann, Amir Taherkordi IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2026 Regions without cellular network access, so-called dead spots, are problematic for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication, which is usually based on such networks. To address this issue, we propose the Robust Context-Aware Message Flooding Protocol (ROCAMFLOOP) in this article. It combines cellular network access with ad hoc networks between nearby vehicles. This makes it possible to forward messages created in a dead spot to vehicles that are expected to regain cellular network access earlier than the message creators. A particular feature of the protocol is to limit the delivery of message copies only to those vehicles predicted to leave the dead spot first. In this way, the number of copies effectively delivered is kept low. ROCAMFLOOP was equipped with special protocol functions that guarantee robust execution, even when the behavior of the drivers deviates from expectations. Our protocol is a novel way to combine “Store-Carry-Forward”-type message delivery with a spatiotemporal-based selection of vehicles for delivery.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Concurrent Networks Heinz Schmidt, Peter Herrmann, Maria Spichkova, James Harland, Ian Peake, Ergys Puka Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering Lnicst, 2026
Modeling Interaction Patterns for Distributed Systems with IEC 61499 Peter Herrmann, Alois Zoitl IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation ETFA, 2025 IEC 61499 is a proven technique for the model-based engineering of factory automation systems. Due to recent developments in this field like Industry 4.0, however, modern systems rely more and more on distributed computer technology. In this article, we investigate if and to which degree IEC 61499 together with IEC 61131-3 Structured Text as the algorithm implementation language is suited to also model the behavior of these amended systems. To achieve that, we selected three relevant use cases, i.e., mixed initiative mitigation, free-pool, and heartbeat, and exemplarily implemented each of them. This allowed us to get insight about what can be conveniently specified using IEC 61499 and for what an extension of the modeling technique is recommended. In this paper, we introduce the models for the three use cases and report the lessons learned from their implementation. Based on that, we suggest enhancements to IEC 61499.
The Norwegian SISU Project: History and Long-term Impact of an Early MDD Effort Stein Erik Ellevseth, Peter Herrmann, Emmanuel Gaudin, Juergen Dingel Proceedings 2025 ACM IEEE 28th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Models 2025, 2025 At the 15th System Analysis and Modelling Conference (SAM) in October 2023, a panel session was dedicated to the discussion of the past, present, and the future of Model-Driven Development (MDD). The session focused on the themes history, impact, lessons learned, and barriers to the adoption of MDD. In the context of history and impact, amongst others, the results of the Norwegian national R&D project “Supporting Integrated System Development” (SISU) were discussed, as well as recent development approaches akin to MDD. The panelists agreed that the quality of the systems produced within SISU was usually very high, since the used modeling concepts match reality well and made the models therefore easier to comprehend. Nevertheless, the adoption of SDL in the member companies did not progress as expected after project completion. This makes SISU a typical example of the circumstance that MDD has not developed as successfully as was assumed 30 years ago. The discussion of the panelists on barriers to MDD revealed key challenges in two perspectives: users' experience and tools' support. Besides some lessons learned, this paper presents a number of recommendations that might help to address the mentioned challenges leading towards a more prominent use of MDD in software engineering in the future.
Integrating Synthetic Data Modelling into an Adaptive Sampling Framework for IoT Devices Faiga Alawad, Peter Herrmann, Vajira Thambawita Proceedings IEEE Congress on Cybermatics 2024 IEEE International Conferences on Internet of Things Ithings 2024 IEEE Green Computing and Communications Greencom 2024 IEEE Cyber Physical and Social Computing Cpscom 2024 IEEE Smart Data Smartdata 2024, 2024 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) often rely on constrained devices with limited processor and power resources. Therefore, many approaches in the literature have studied data reduction methods to relieve these resources. Static scheduling algorithms are state of the art, but novel adaptive scheduling methods gained momentum in recent years as well. In the study presented in this paper, we combine enhanced adaptive scheduling algorithms with synthetic data, created using a generative machine learning model. This allows us to replace some of the sensed data points by generated ones. In consequence, we can increase the time interval between collecting two samples, which alleviates the power resources of the sensors significantly. Utilizing working environment noise data sensed in Trondheim, Norway, we analyzed how generative machine learning models can enhance data collection in resource-constrained wireless sensor networks. The results of this analysis reveal that using synthetic data to reduce the sampling rate by over 50% greatly improves data reduction efficiency, outperforming traditional adaptive sampling frameworks. To the best of our knowledge, our approach constitutes the first effort to leverage generative models for crafting adaptive sensing policies in WSNs.
DEEPMATCH2: A comprehensive deep learning-based approach for in-vehicle presence detection Magnus Oplenskedal, Peter Herrmann, Amir Taherkordi Information Systems, 2022 The accurate detection of the mobile context information of public transportation vehicles and their passengers is a key feature to realize intelligent transportation systems. A topical example is in-vehicle presence detection that can, e.g., be used to ticket passengers automatically. Unfortunately, most existing solutions in this field suffer from low spatiotemporal accuracy which impedes their use in practice. In previous work, we addressed this challenge through a deep learning-based framework, called DeepMatch, that allows us to detect in-vehicle presence with a high degree of accuracy. DeepMatch utilizes the smartphone of a passenger to analyse and match the event streams of its own sensors with the event streams of counterpart sensors provided by a reference unit that is installed inside the vehicle. This is achieved through a new learning model architecture using Stacked Convolutional Autoencoders to compress sensor input streams by feature extraction and dimensionality reduction as well as a deep convolutional neural network to match the streams of the user phone and the reference device. The sensor stream compression is offloaded to the smartphone, while the matching is performed in a server. In this paper, we introduce DeepMatch2. It is an amended version of DeepMatch that reduces the amount of data to be transferred from the user and reference devices to the server by the factor of four. Further, DeepMatch2 improves the already good accuracy of DeepMatch from 97.81% to 98.51%. Moreover, we propose a travel inference algorithm, based on DeepMatch2, to detect the duration of whole passenger trips in public transport vehicles with a high degree of precision. This is needed to create intelligent and highly reliable auto-ticketing systems. Thanks to the high accuracy of 98.51% by DeepMatch2, the inferences can be carried out with a negligible error rate.
Mitigating Dead Spots in Cellular Networks with the Hybrid Communication Protocol CAMFLOOP Ergys Puka, Peter Herrmann IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems Proceedings ITSC, 2021 The interaction between vehicles and the external infrastructure usually relies on the availability of cellular networks. Large sparsely populated regions, however, contain often extended areas with missing cellular network connectivity, so-called dead spots. To accelerate the delivery of messages from a vehicle to the infrastructure in such zones, we developed a Context-Aware Message Flooding Protocol that utilizes ephemeral ad-hoc networks between nearby vehicles in a dead spot. This allows us to let a message be delivered by an ad-hoc network peer instead of its creator if the peer leaves the dead spot earlier. In previous work, we introduced an initial version of this protocol and proved formally that it guarantees the fastest possible delivery of messages via the cellular network to the infrastructure, and, at the same time, keeps the number of produced duplicates to a minimum. This version was, however, based upon idealized drivers' behavior since we assumed that a vehicle leaves a dead spot exactly at the point of time previously predicted. To rectify this strict assumption, in this paper we present an updated protocol version named CAMFLOOP. Unlike its predecessor, it considers deviations like speed changes or aberrations from the planned route. Moreover, we report on our tests of CAMFLOOP using the traffic simulator SUMO with scenarios inspired by the Australian Outback, a region with dead spots that may span hundreds of kilometers. The simulation results show that deviations from the planned speeds and routes lead to communication errors only rarely. Further, the protocol provides significant reductions of the delivery time by more than 40% on average in larger dead spots, while usually less than two copies of each message created in a dead spot are delivered to the infrastructure.
Energy-efficient Protection of IoT Networks using Trust Management on the IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol Zeeshan Ali Khan, Peter Herrmann 2021 11th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies Mobility and Security Ntms 2021, 2021 Many devices used in the Internet of Things (IoT) have scarce processing resources and restricted energy budgets. Thus, established security mechanisms to protect IoT nodes against malicious attacks cannot be applied. Trust management is a promising technology to circumvent the processing limitations since it makes the use of lightweight but still powerful security mechanisms possible. In earlier work, we proposed a trust-based routing solution that builds the reputation of IoT devices to detect maliciously behaving ones. It has, however, the disadvantage of additional battery draining since it works only with constant idle listening of the communication channel which is quite energy intensive. In this paper, we present a method to alleviate this problem by aligning the proposed security algorithm with the popular IEEE 802.15.4 protocol that offers functionality to reduce active channel listening. In particular, we suggest an adaption to one of the application modes of IEEE 802.15.4 such that we can use our trust-based algorithm with often only slight losses from idle listening. The results of the protocol adaptations are discussed for two different scenarios.
ATARAXIS: A Deep Learning Approach for Hardwareless In-Vehicle Presence Detection Magnus Oplenskedal, Amir Taherkordi, Peter Herrmann Proceedings 2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Machine Intelligence Cogmi 2021, 2021 Accurately detecting the mobile contexts of public transport vehicles and their passengers is a key requirement of intelligent context-aware services in such systems. A prominent example is in-vehicle presence detection which can be used to provide various services such as automated ticketing, dynamic vehicle distribution, and live route optimization. To use such services in practice, in-vehicle presence detection needs to be close to infallible. However, most existing solutions in this field suffer from low spatiotemporal accuracy. To address this challenge, we introduce Ataraxis in this paper-an approach to hardwareless in-vehicle presence detection. In particular, we develop a deep convolutional neural network that can be trained to detect, if a user is inside a public transportation vehicle such as a tram, subway, or bus, from the raw sensor events generated by the sensors in a single ordinary smartphone. We show that this information can be used to infer the in-vehicle presence of users over time when combined with other sources such as the GPS trace of the user and that of the public transport vehicles. Ataraxis has the capability to distinguish between the four user modes: driving a car, riding a bike, walking, and using public transport with an accuracy of 98.69%. This is higher than the accuracy of existing techniques for transport mode detection. We also made experiments on the battery consumption and CPU overhead. The results show that Ataraxis incurs a negligible computational overhead and power consumption on smartphones, even though we base our approach on sensor data collection and a deep learning model.
Towards classification of lightweight formal methods Anna Zamansky, Maria Spichkova, Guillermo Rodriguez-Navas, Peter Herrmann, Jan Olaf Blech Enase 2018 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering, 2018
Contracts for multi-instance UML activities Vidar Slåtten, Peter Herrmann Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2011
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics): Preface Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2011
Towards ontology-driven end-user composition of personalized mobile services Rune Sætre, Mohammad Ullah Khan, Erlend Stav, Alfredo Perez Fernandez, Peter Herrmann, Jon Atle Gulla Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2011
Reactive semantics for distributed UML activities Frank Alexander Kraemer, Peter Herrmann Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2010
Foraging for better deployment of replicated service components Máté J. Csorba, Hein Meling, Poul E. Heegaard, Peter Herrmann Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2009
Analogical trust reasoning Mozhgan Tavakolifard, Peter Herrmann, Pinar Öztürk IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2009
Trust transferability among similar contexts Mozhgan Tavakolifard, Svein Johan Knapskog, Peter Herrmann Q2swinet 08 Proceedings of the 4th ACM International Symposium on Qos and Security for Wireless and Mobile Networks, 2008
Cross-situation trust reasoning Mozhgan Tavakolifard, Svein J. Knapskog, Peter Herrmann Proceedings 2008 IEEE Wic ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology Workshops Wi Iat Workshops 2008, 2008
Cost-efficient deployment of collaborating components Máté J. Csorba, Poul E. Heegaard, Peter Herrmann Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2008
Preface IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2008
TRUST management II Karabulut, Yücel 1970- IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 2008
Trust-based duration monitoring of distributed component-structured e-commerce software Lecture Notes in Informatics Lni Proceedings Series of the Gesellschaft Fur Informatik Gi, 2004
Trust-adapted enforcement of security policies in distributed component-structured applications IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications Proceedings, 2001
Specification of hybrid systems in cTLA+ P. Herrmann, H. Krumm Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real Time Systems 5th International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real Time Systems Wpdrts 1997 and the 3rd Workshop on Object Oriented Real Time Systems Oorts 1997, 1997
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Recent Advancements in Intrusion Detection Systems for the Internet of Things ZA Khan, P Herrmann Security and Communication Networks 2019 , 2019 2019 Citations: 63
Model-Based Development and Spatiotemporal Behavior of Cyber-Physical Systems P Herrmann, JO Blech, F Han, H Schmidt Innovative Solutions and Applications of Web Services Technology, 69-93 , 2019 2019 Citations: 1
Pervasive Smart Contracts for Blockchains in IoT Systems A Taherkordi, P Herrmann Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Blockchain Technology … , 2018 2018 Citations: 12
Towards Classification of Lightweight Formal Methods A Zamansky, M Spichkova, G Rodriguez-Navas, P Herrmann, JO Blech arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.01923 , 2018 2018 Citations: 19
Simulation-driven Development of Self-adaptive Transportation Systems MK Oplenskedal, P Herrmann, JO Blech, A Taherkordi 2018 4th IEEE Conference on Network Softwarization and Workshops (NetSoft … , 2018 2018
A way to measure and analyze cellular network connectivity on the norwegian road system E Puka, P Herrmann, T Levin, CB Skjetne 2018 10th International Conference on Communication Systems & Networks … , 2018 2018 Citations: 8
A trust-based resilient routing mechanism for the internet of things ZA Khan, J Ullrich, AG Voyiatzis, P Herrmann Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Availability … , 2017 2017 Citations: 74
Formal Analysis of Control Software for Cyber-Physical Systems P Herrmann, JO Blech 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability and … , 2017 2017 Citations: 2
Self-adaptive control in cyber-physical systems: the autonomous train experiment A Svae, A Taherkordi, P Herrmann, JO Blech Proceedings of the Symposium on Applied Computing, 1436-1443 , 2017 2017 Citations: 6
How to Secure Internet of Things Devices in an Energy Efficient Way ZA Khan, P Herrmann ERCIM NEWS, 50-51 , 2017 2017
A trust based distributed intrusion detection mechanism for internet of things ZA Khan, P Herrmann 2017 IEEE 31st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking … , 2017 2017 Citations: 147
Service Virtualization for Self-Adaptation in Mobile Cyber-Physical Systems A Taherkordi, P Herrmann, JO Blech, A Fernandez International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing, 56-68 , 2016 2016 Citations: 6
Formal model-based development in industrial automation with reactive blocks P Herrmann, JO Blech Federation of International Conferences on Software Technologies … , 2016 2016 Citations: 5
Model-based development of a controller and simulator for a mobile robot MK Oplenskedal, P Herrmann, JO Blech 2016 Fifth ICT International Student Project Conference (ICT-ISPC), 61-64 , 2016 2016 Citations: 3
A Methodology for Model-based Development and Safety Analysis of Transport Systems. S Hordvik, K Øseth, JO Blech, P Herrmann ENASE, 91-101 , 2016 2016 Citations: 21
Collaborative Model-based Development of a Remote Train Monitoring System. P Herrmann, A Svae, HH Svendsen, JO Blech ENASE, 383-390 , 2016 2016 Citations: 10
Model-based engineering and spatiotemporal analysis of transport systems S Hordvik, K Øseth, HH Svendsen, JO Blech, P Herrmann International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software … , 2016 2016 Citations: 4
High-Speed Transfer Protocol Configurations P Herrmann, H Krumm Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification XV, 171 , 2016 2016
A model-based toolchain to verify spatial behavior of cyber-physical systems P Herrmann, JO Blech, F Han, H Schmidt International Journal of Web Services Research (IJWSR) 13 (1), 40-52 , 2016 2016 Citations: 24
Behavioral Types for Component-based Development of Cyber-Physical Systems JO Blech, P Herrmann SEFM 2015 Collocated Workshops, 43-52 , 2015 2015 Citations: 4
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
A trust based distributed intrusion detection mechanism for internet of things ZA Khan, P Herrmann 2017 IEEE 31st International Conference on Advanced Information Networking … , 2017 2017 Citations: 147
Security requirement analysis of business processes P Herrmann, G Herrmann Electronic Commerce Research 6 (3-4), 305-335 , 2006 2006 Citations: 104
Tool support for the rapid composition, analysis and implementation of reactive services FA Kraemer, V Slåtten, P Herrmann Journal of Systems and Software 82 (12), 2068-2080 , 2009 2009 Citations: 85
A framework for modeling transfer protocols P Herrmann, H Krumm Computer Networks 34 (2), 317-337 , 2000 2000 Citations: 75
A trust-based resilient routing mechanism for the internet of things ZA Khan, J Ullrich, AG Voyiatzis, P Herrmann Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Availability … , 2017 2017 Citations: 74
Recent Advancements in Intrusion Detection Systems for the Internet of Things ZA Khan, P Herrmann Security and Communication Networks 2019 , 2019 2019 Citations: 63
Trust transferability among similar contexts M Tavakolifard, SJ Knapskog, P Herrmann Proceedings of the 4th ACM symposium on QoS and security for wireless and … , 2008 2008 Citations: 52
Automated encapsulation of UML activities for incremental development and verification FA Kraemer, P Herrmann International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems … , 2009 2009 Citations: 47
Transforming collaborative service specifications into efficiently executable state machines FA Kraemer, P Herrmann Electronic Communications of the EASST 6 , 2007 2007 Citations: 46
Trust-adapted enforcement of security policies in distributed component-structured applications P Herrmann, H Krumm Proceedings. Sixth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2-8 , 2001 2001 Citations: 46
Service Specification by Composition of Collaborations--An Example FA Kraemer, P Herrmann Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Web … , 2006 2006 Citations: 44
Aligning UML 2.0 state machines and temporal logic for the efficient execution of services FA Kraemer, P Herrmann, R Bræk OTM Confederated International Conferences" On the Move to Meaningful … , 2006 2006 Citations: 44
Reactive semantics for distributed UML activities FA Kraemer, P Herrmann Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems, 17-31 , 2010 2010 Citations: 41
Trust-based protection of software component users and designers P Herrmann International Conference on Trust Management, 75-90 , 2003 2003 Citations: 37
Synthesizing components with sessions from collaboration-oriented service specifications FA Kraemer, R Bræk, P Herrmann International SDL Forum, 166-185 , 2007 2007 Citations: 35
Compositional specification and verification of high-speed transfer protocols P Herrmann, H Krumm Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification XIV, 339-346 , 1995 1995 Citations: 33
Verification of UML-based real-time system designs by means of cTLA G Graw, P Herrmann, H Krumm Proceedings Third IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time … , 2000 2000 Citations: 30
Compositional service engineering with arctis FA Kraemer, R Bræk, P Herrmann Telektronikk 105 (2009), 1 , 2009 2009 Citations: 28
Cost-efficient deployment of collaborating components MJ Csorba, PE Heegaard, P Herrmann IFIP International Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable … , 2008 2008 Citations: 27
Transformation and verification of Executable UML models G Graw, P Herrmann Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 101, 3-24 , 2004 2004 Citations: 27