Hospital-Based Surveillance and Resistance Index Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Trends: A Three-Year Study from a Tertiary Hospital in Iran (2021–2023) Elnaz Vafadar Moradi, Faeze Sadat Hoseini, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Seyed Reza Ahmadi Koupaei, Abbas Izadi, Davood Soroosh, Mohammad Sadegh Damavandi Infection and Drug Resistance, 2026 Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an escalating global health crisis, yet institution-level temporal analyses that integrate both resistance trends and composite indices remain scarce. Methods: We performed a three-year retrospective analysis (2021– 2023) of all culture-positive bacterial isolates from a tertiary referral hospital in Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) followed CLSI M02/M07/M100 standards. Annual resistance rates (%R) were calculated for six priority pathogens, and linear regression was used to model temporal changes (slopes, p-values). A composite Resistance Index (RI) was derived to capture cumulative resistance pressure. Results: Among 38,514 specimens, 3109 (8.1%) yielded bacterial growth. E. coli declined significantly (45.0%→ 29.7%, p=0.02), while A. baumannii increased (17.6%→ 26.8%, p=0.03). Regression analysis revealed pronounced upward resistance slopes in A. baumannii (eg, amikacin +8.6%/year, p< 0.001; ciprofloxacin +8.0%/year, p< 0.001) and K. pneumoniae to nalidixic acid (+17.6%/year, p< 0.001). In contrast, significant declines were observed in S. aureus (trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole − 27.8%/year, p< 0.001), Enterobacter spp. (ampicillin − 42.5%/year, p< 0.001), and carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa . The RI highlighted persistently extreme resistance in A. baumannii (> 90%) and high levels in P. aeruginosa (> 70%), with moderate but variable indices in E. coli and K. pneumoniae (50– 70%). Conclusion: This single-center study demonstrates shifting AMR epidemiology with A. baumannii emerging as the dominant multidrug-resistant threat, sustained high resistance in P. aeruginosa , and encouraging declines in certain resistance patterns among E. coli, K. pneumoniae , and S. aureus . By integrating slope-based trends with a composite RI, we provide a scalable framework to convert routine antibiogram data into actionable antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) and infection prevention strategies. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, temporal trends, resistance index, hospital stewardship, infection prevention and control
Automatic Diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury Using Deep Learning with CT scan Images Behrang Rezvani Kakhki, Hossein Zakeri, Sayyed Majid Sadrzadeh, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, elnaz vafadar moradi, et al. Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, 2025 Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from external mechanical forces to the head, leading to brain dysfunction. The severity of injury significantly impacts patient health outcomes. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential for timely clinical intervention. Computed Tomography (CT) scans are currently the primary imaging modality for identifying intracranial injuries. However, manual analysis of CT images is time-consuming and highly dependent on radiologists’ expertise.Material and Methods: This study proposes an automated approach for detecting intracranial hemorrhage and skull fractures using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CT scan images containing various pathologies were collected from the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). The dataset was divided into two classes: pathological and non-pathological. Images were resized to 128 × 128 pixels to reduce computational complexity and split into training (90%) and validation (10%) sets. Pre-trained ResNet18 and ResNet34 models were employed for classification. Evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score were computed using a confusion matrix.Results: The CNN model achieved an accuracy of 0.94, a precision of 1.0, and a recall of 0.88 in classifying CT images.Conclusion: These findings indicate that CNN-based models can assist radiologists in faster and more consistent diagnosis of traumatic brain injuries. Further improvements may be achieved by increasing dataset size, refining preprocessing steps, and applying advanced optimization techniques to enhance generalization and robustness.
Association between the number of teeth and all-cause mortality rate in the MASHAD Cohort Study Sara Saffar Soflaei, Reza Ekrad-Ferezghi, Behnood Najjari, Mohammad Mobasheri, Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi, et al. Journal of Dental Research Dental Clinics Dental Prospects, 2025 Background. Previous studies have reported inconsistent results on the relationship between the number of teeth and all-cause mortality. There are several confounding factors in this relationship, especially age. We investigated the relationship between the number of teeth and all-cause mortality among residents in Mashhad, Iran. Methods. Of 9704 participants of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) study conducted in this cohort study, 395 participants were randomly recruited for dental examination. Baseline characteristics, including age, sex, and status of marriage, employment, and education, were collected for all the participants. The number of teeth was recorded by a dentist who also undertook a full dental examination. Individuals were followed up every three years, over 10 years, for the incidence of death. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20, and a P value of<0.05 was considered significant. The effect of confounders was reduced using multivariate logistic regression. Results. Among 387 eligible participants, the mean age was 48.60±8.24 years, and most were female. The number of teeth was significantly related to age (P<0.001), marital status (P=0.002), and educational attainment (P=0.001). Over ten years of follow-up, 15 of the participants died. Among baseline variables, only age was significantly associated with death (P=0.008). The number of teeth was significantly associated with all-cause mortality after adjustment for age, sex and marital status, employment, and educational attainment (P=0.003, OR=0.926, 95% CI: 0.880‒0.974). Conclusion. Number of teeth is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, especially in older individuals.
Effects of clear aligners on the vertical position of the molar teeth and the vertical and sagittal relationships of the face: a preliminary retrospective before-after clinical trial Mehrnaz Moradinejad, Ricky E. Harrell, Sayed Mohammad Mousavi, Minoo Alavi, Alireza Darvish Basseri, Arman Feiz, Hanie Daryanavard, Vahid Rakhshan BMC Oral Health, 2024 Introduction Despite the popularity of clear aligners, their predictability has not been assessed adequately. Moreover, no study has investigated their effects on numerous dentomaxillary variables. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time, assessing several new or controversial items. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of clear aligners on the vertical position of the molar teeth and the vertical and sagittal relationships of the face. Methods This preliminary retrospective before-after non-randomized clinical trial was performed on 168 observations of 84 patients (33.60±9.28 years, 54 females) treated with 0.75mm Invisalign appliances. Pretreatment and posttreatment values were measured for: mandibular plane angle, occlusal plane angle, Y-Axis, ANB, facial angle, lower anterior facial height, overbite, and the distances of the molars from the palate and mandibular plane were measured. The alterations in parameters caused by treatment (delta values) were calculated for each measurement. Effects of treatment and some parameters on delta values were analyzed statistically (α=0.05). Results Mean±SD of ΔMP-FH, ΔOP-FH, ΔY-Axis, ΔLAFH, ΔNPog-FH, ΔANB, ΔOverbite, ΔSNB, Δ6-PP, Δ7-PP, Δ6-MP, and Δ7-MP were respectively 0.11±1.61, 0.80±1.56, 0.15±1.18, 0.07±0.91, -0.22±1.25, 0.03±0.62, 0.04±1.15, -0.06±1.14, -0.36±0.94, -0.32±1.14, 0.19±0.96, 0.18±1.10. Only the alterations in OP-FH, 6-PP, and 7-PP were significant (P≤0.011). Age, sex, treatment duration, or pretreatment mandibular plane angle were not correlated with any delta values. However, the pretreatment occlusal plane angle was negatively correlated with ΔOP-FH and ΔY-Axis. Crowding was correlated negatively with ΔOP-FH and ΔY-Axis and positively with ΔNPog-FH. Overjet was negatively correlated with ΔANB and ΔOverbite (P≤0.035). Conclusions Invisalign intruded first/second maxillary molars and increased the occlusal plane angle. Age, sex, and treatment duration were not correlated with post-treatment anatomic alterations.
Comparing the Effect of Respiratory Physiotherapy and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Changes on Capnography Results in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Tanaffos, 2023
Force Decay of 27 Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Sara Mahboubi, Salmeh Kalbassi, Vahid Rakhshan Iranian Journal of Orthodontics, 2022 Aim: The aim of this investigation was to assess the efficacy and force decay of elastomeric chains based on their morphology and elongation extent.Methods: Two-hundred-and-seventy elastics from three companies [Ortho Technology (OT), American Orthodontics (AO), G&H, 10 specimens ×27 subgroups] were elongated to 40%, 60%, and 100% and the initial forces were measured. Then after four weeks of incubation in artificial saliva, the residual forces were measured. Forces and force decays were compared across brands, morphologies, and elongation extents (α=0.001).Results: Forces degraded significantly over time (repeated-measures ANOVA, P<0.001). Significant differences existed among the levels of all parameters, in terms of the initial forces, residual forces, and force degradation (3-way ANOVA, P<0.001). Results of most of the Tukey post hoc tests were significant (P<0.001). The longer the elongation extent, the higher the force waste (partial correlation coefficient, r=0.885, P< 0.001).Conclusion: Initial force was improved when using the OT brand and closed elastics, and by stretching the elastic to 100%. Force loss was minimized when using the G&H brand and open elastics, and by stretching to 40%. Using the OT brand and closed elastics, and 100% stretching caused the highest residual forces after a month. However, the initial forces provided by the 100% elongations were not sound. Force loss was increased by using the OT brand and closed elastics, and with 100% elongations. The lowest residual forces were seen in the AO brand, long elastics, and those elongated to 40%.
Assessment of antibiotic resistance changes during the Covid-19 pandemic in northeast of Iran during 2020–2022: an epidemiological study Reza Khoshbakht, Mona Kabiri, Alireza Neshani, Mohammad Navid Khaksari, Sayyed Majid Sadrzadeh, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Kiarash Ghazvini, Mahdis Ghavidel Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 2022 Background The coronavirus disease 2019 seems to change antibiotic resistance pattern. Certain conditions in the Covid-19 era may be contributing to the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to the limited information on the impact of Covid-19 on antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the purpose of this research was to investigate the trend in antimicrobial resistance changes of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii in Hasheminezhad hospital. This hospital was a Corona center in Mashhad at the onset of this epidemic. Methods 1672 clinical samples were collected between January 21, 2020 and January 30, 2022from patients hospitalized at Hasheminezhad Hospital in Mashhad, Conventional microbiological procedures for identifying gram-negative bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility testing were used, according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) 2021. The two years of the pandemic, from the initial stage of the outbreak until the 6th peak, (January 2020 to and January 2022) were divided into 9 periods according to the seasons. Results Highest resistance rates were seen in E. coli (615 samples), K. pneumoniae (351 samples), P. aeruginosa (362 samples) and A. baumannii (344 samples) to Ampicillin (89.6%), Ampicillin (98%), Imipenem (91.8%), and Ceftazidime (94.6%), respectively. The largest change in antibiotic resistance was seen between Summer 2020 and Summer 2021 for K. pneumoniae with about a 30% rise in antibiotic resistance to Ceftriaxone. Conclusions All 4 species evaluated in this study, have shown rising AMR rates during the first year of the pandemic in the northeast of Iran. This study revealed that E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii strains in Northern Iran have a higher level of antibiotic resistance than what was measured in similar studies conducted before the pandemic. This will further restrict treatment choices and jeopardize global public health.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Suprasternal Versus Subxiphoid Ultrasonography for Endotracheal Intubation Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Maryam Sayyari Doughabadi, Seyed Ali Alamdaran, Sayyed Majid Sadrzadeh, Hosein Zakeri, Elnaz VafadarMoradi Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 2022 Background: Airway management is an important skill for emergency physicians, and confirmation of correct endotracheal tube (ETT) placement is a crucial component of airway management. Objectives: Due to the occurrence of incorrect ETT positioning in emergency departments, the present study aimed to compare the diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound using suprasternal and subxiphoid methods for confirming the correct placement of ETT compared to capnography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by examining patients requiring intubation. Ultrasound was performed by two independent emergency medical assistants using two suprasternal and subxiphoid methods to confirm correct ETT placement; the results were then interpreted. To observe the tube passage through the vocal cords, capnography and lung auscultation were applied as the gold standards, and the results of two ultrasound methods were compared. Results: A total of 66 patients, who were intubated in the emergency department, participated in this study. The positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity of supernatural ultrasound were 96.72%, 80%, 98.33%, and 66.67%, respectively. Also, positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity of subxiphoid ultrasound were 97.95%, 29.41%, 80%, and 83.33%, respectively. The diagnostic odds ratios of suprasternal and subxiphoid ultrasounds were 1.026 and 1.024 compared to capnography, respectively. Conclusions: Ultrasonography using the suprasternal method was feasible. Considering the high sensitivity and specificity of this method in confirming correct ETT placement, it produced reliable results. Overall, this modality can be used as one of the main methods to verify correct ETT placement in emergency departments.
The Impact of Mandibular Advancement Surgery on Upper Lip Length in Class II Patients Khadijeh Abdal, seyed mohammad Mousavi, Meysam Noori, Parisa Kazemi Journal of Dental Materials and Techniques, 2021 Introduction: One of the most common maxillofacial malformations is mandibular advancement, a class II malformation or malocclusion. One treatment is mandibular advancement surgery. This research aimed to investigate the effect of mandibular advancement surgery on upper lip length in class II patients. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with 16 patients having class II malformations who underwent mandibular advancement surgery. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 19. Results: Results showed that although height of philtrum increased after surgery, there was no significant difference in the height of the philtrum from before to after the mandibular advancement surgery (p > 0.05). Evaluation of the patients showed that although commissure height and vermilion height decreased after surgery, this difference was not statistically different(p > 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference between before and after commissure height (p <0.05) at camouflage in patients. There was also a statistically significant difference in height of philtrum and vermilion between before and after camouflage in patients (p <0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that mandibular advancement surgery plays a serious role in the clinical appearance of lip soft tissue, which can be used as a predictor of patient profile prior to surgery.
Factors of Domestic Violence against Pregnant Women Referring to the trauma centers in Mashhad Iranian Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Infertility, 2020
