Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Instrumentation
55
Scopus Publications
501
Scholar Citations
12
Scholar h-index
14
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Laser beam collimator for controlled divergence in dazzler applications Ghazanfar Ali, Muddasir Naeem, Tayyab Imran Engineering Research Express, 2026 This article presents the design, development, and experimental validation of a closed-loop, feedback-controlled laser beam collimation system to maintain a consistent beam diameter across varying distances. The system was specifically designed for laser dazzler applications, where maintaining a fixed beam profile is crucial for operational safety, visual effectiveness, and compliance with regulatory requirements. The prototype incorporates a triangulation-based distance measurement approach, utilizing a red pointer laser and an inertial measurement sensor to determine the real-time distance to the target. This distance data is processed by an Arduino Nano microcontroller, which adjusts a Plano-convex collimating lens through a precision stepper motor, effectively compensating for beam divergence. The control algorithm is designed to maintain a beam diameter of 15 cm under dynamic conditions by continuously aligning the lens position with the measured distance. Experimental validation up to 6.6 meters demonstrated high measurement accuracy (R 2 ≈ 0.998) and effective diameter stabilization, even as the natural beam spread increased significantly without correction. The system is designed and programmed to maintain a constant beam diameter of 15 cm by adjusting the lens position in real-time at various distances. Although tested in a limited spatial environment, the underlying model and actuator scaling indicate strong potential for extension up to 100 meters with enhanced hardware. This work presents a low-cost, scalable, and efficient solution for real-time laser beam shaping, providing practical benefits for tactical and optical systems that require adaptability, precision, and robustness in field conditions.
Virtual Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating Diagnostics for Visualizing Dispersion Dynamics in Ultrashort Laser Pulses Tayyab Imran Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2025 This study systematically investigates the characterization and analysis of ultrashort laser pulses by simulating the virtual frequency‐resolved optical gating (FROG) setup. Using LabII tools within the LabVIEW environment, virtual experiments were performed to generate ideal ultrashort pulses, introduce controlled phase distortions using Taylor's equation, and evaluate their temporal and spectral properties. The simulation framework serves as an efficient, interactive, and accurate platform for analyzing the effects of dispersion, including group delay dispersion (GDD), third‐order dispersion (TOD), and fourth‐order dispersion (FOD), on pulse dynamics. The FROG simulations illustrate how these dispersion parameters alter pulse symmetry, broaden durations, and induce chirp. Various FROG configurations, such as SHG‐FROG, SD‐FROG, PG‐FROG, and THG‐FROG, explored chirp evolution and its relationship with tilt, skewness, and fragmentation in FROG traces. Chirp evolution was calculated, and pulse duration results from the virtual FROG setup were validated by comparison with commercial FROG pulse‐retrieval software. The findings confirm that higher‐order dispersion introduces increasingly complex distortions, affecting the spatiotemporal coherence of the pulses. The study underscores the robustness of virtual FROG diagnostics, presenting them as a reliable alternative to physical experimentation for understanding and optimizing laser pulse dynamics. Our simulation results emphasize the importance of virtual diagnostics in accurately quantifying dispersion‐induced distortions, enhancing the design and performance of laser systems.
Ultrafast Laser Beam Profile Characterization in the Front-End of the ELI-NP Laser System Using Image Features and Machine Learning Tayyab Imran Photonics, 2025 Ultrafast laser systems, implemented at the ELI-NP, require exceptional beam quality and spatial stability due to their femtosecond pulse durations and extremely high peak powers. This work presents a diagnostic and computational framework for analyzing the ELI-NP Front-End beam characteristics, where spatial coherence and precise pulse shaping are essential for reliable amplification and experimental consistency. The methodology integrates classical beam diagnostics with image processing and machine learning tools to evaluate anomalies based on high-resolution beam profile images. We use centroid tracking to monitor pointing fluctuations, statistical intensity analysis to detect energy instabilities, and Sobel-based edge detection to evaluate beam sharpness and extract structural features from the beam image. Geometric parameters such as ellipticity, roundness, and symmetry indicators are extracted and examined over time. The system applies an unsupervised Isolation Forest algorithm to detect subtle or short-lived anomalies, identifying irregularities without relying on predefined thresholds. These diagnostics are supported by visual plots and statistical summaries, offering a clear picture of the beam’s behavior under real operating conditions. Results confirm that this integrated approach effectively captures major and minor beam instabilities, making it a practical tool for continuous monitoring and performance optimization in ultrafast laser systems.
Image-Based Laser-Beam Diagnostics Using Statistical Analysis and Machine Learning Regression Tayyab Imran, Muddasir Naeem Photonics, 2025 This study is a comprehensive experimental and computational investigation into high-resolution laser beam diagnostics, combining classical statistical techniques, numerical image processing, and machine learning-based predictive modeling. A dataset of 50 sequential beam profile images was collected from a femtosecond fiber laser operating at a central wavelength of 780 nm with a pulse duration of approximately 125 fs. These images were analyzed to extract spatial and temporal beam characteristics, including centroid displacement, Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), ellipticity ratio, and an asymmetry index. All parameters were derived using intensity-weighted algorithms and directional cross-sectional analysis to ensure accurate and consistent quantification of the beam’s dynamic behavior. Linear regression models were applied to horizontal and vertical intensity distributions to assess long-term beam stability. The resulting predictive trends revealed a systematic drift in beam centroid position, most notably along the vertical axis, and a gradual broadening of the horizontal FWHM. The modeling further showed that vertical intensity increased over time while horizontal intensity displayed a slight decline, reinforcing the presence of axis-specific fluctuations. These effects are attributed to minor optical misalignments or thermally induced variations in the beam path. By integrating deterministic analysis with data-driven forecasting, this methodology offers a robust framework for real-time beam quality evaluation. It enhances sensitivity to subtle distortions and supports the future development of automated, self-correcting laser systems. The results underscore the critical role of continuous, high-resolution monitoring in maintaining beam stability and alignment precision in femtosecond laser applications.
ZEMAX Simulation and Experimental Validation for Tandem Fabry-Perot Interferometers in Brillouin Light Scattering Spectrometer Muddasir Naeem, Tayyab Imran, Muhammad Sabieh Anwar Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2025 This study is focused on the ZEMAX OpticStudio design simulation of the Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectrometer setup based on tandem Fabry‐Perot interferometers. The spectrometer consists of two Fabry‐Perot interferometers arranged in tandem geometry, allowing the incoming spectra to pass through them six times. Simulations were performed in alignment and tandem modes. The alignment requirements of the system were meticulously outlined, and computations were conducted to validate the operational concept. Experimental results from the BLS spectrometer were also obtained and compared with simulation data. The comparison revealed a reasonable agreement between the OpticStudio simulations and experimental measurements, confirming the accuracy of the simulated model. This study underscores the effectiveness of using ZEMAX OpticStudio for optimization and highlights the potential of the BLS spectrometer for precise low‐frequency material wave detection in field applications.
Optimizing multi-pass amplifier in a virtual chirped pulse amplification system Tayyab Imran Laser Physics, 2025 This article presents a detailed simulation study of a multi-pass amplifier in the chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system using Lab2 femtosecond virtual tools in LabVIEW to model and optimize the pulse amplification process. The virtual experimental setup includes Gaussian pulse generation, pulse stretching using an Offner-triplet stretcher, multi-pass amplification, and final pulse compression using a double-grating compressor. Various multi-pass amplifier configurations (4-pass, 8-pass, and 12-pass) are simulated, and their effects on pulse amplification, phase stability, and energy gain are analyzed. The study demonstrates that the 8-pass configuration achieves the most optimized performance in terms of energy gain, spectral and temporal stability, and pulse duration, providing a more balanced pulse compression. Diagnostics via frequency-resolved optical gating confirm these results, showing that the 8-pass Amplifier delivers shorter pulse durations (∼36 fs) and better phase control compared to the 4-pass and 12-pass amplifiers, which experience higher nonlinearity and less stability. The article underscores the critical role of compressor grating separation in minimizing pulse duration and optimizing laser performance. Using the Lab2 virtual tools in LabVIEW, this simulation provides valuable insights into the dynamic optimization of multi-pass amplifiers in CPA systems.
ZEMAX Simulations and Experimental Validation of Laser Interferometers Muddasir Naeem, Tayyab Imran Photonics, 2025 This study presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of six fundamental laser interferometer types: Sagnac, Mach–Zehnder, Michelson, Twyman–Green, Fizeau, and Fabry–Pérot. Using ZEMAX OpticStudio in non-sequential mode with the physical optics propagation (POP) algorithm, the simulations provide detailed insights into the optical performance of these interferometers. A direct comparison is made between the simulated and experimental fringe patterns, coherent irradiance distributions, and phase plots, demonstrating strong agreement and validating the accuracy of computational modeling for interferometric analysis. The Mach–Zehnder and Michelson configurations exhibit high adaptability and measurement precision, while the Fabry–Pérot interferometer achieves superior spectral resolution. Twyman–Green interferometry proves particularly effective in mapping surface irregularities for optical testing. The results confirm the reliability of ZEMAX OpticStudio for high-precision optical system design and analysis. The novelty of this work lies in the comparative study between ZEMAX simulations and experimental interferometric results, particularly fringe patterns and phase distributions. This approach provides a clearer understanding of interferometer performance and enhances the accuracy of optical metrology, offering valuable insights for both theoretical modeling and practical applications.
Aberration analysis of reflective and transmissive type optical spectrometer using Zemax Muddasir Naeem, Tayyab Imran Optics Continuum, 2025 This study presents a detailed analysis of geometrical aberrations in reflective and transmissive optical spectrometers using Zemax optical design software. Wavefront aberration, a standard metric for assessing geometrical aberration in optical systems, is employed to evaluate performance. Spectrometers are designed in sequential mode and analyzed with the physical optics propagation (POP) algorithm. Key performance metrics, such as optical path difference (OPD), transverse ray plot, spot diagram, modulation transfer function (MTF), and geometric encircled energy, are used to assess the spectrometers. This analysis aims to study aberration effects that cause distorted and blurry spectra, ultimately impacting spectrometer accuracy and efficiency. A comparative analysis of both spectrometers in the visible range for zero and first-order diffraction grating is reported. Line and edge spread functions are simulated to examine the spectrometer’s resolution capability. This study comprehensively compares optical spectrometers, highlighting their applicability across various fields.
ANOMALY DETECTION IN ELI-NP FRONT-END LASER ENERGY DATA USING AN OPTIMIZED MOVING AVERAGE METHOD and T. IMRAN Romanian Journal of Physics, 2025 Anomaly detection in time-series data is critical for ensuring stability in high-power laser systems, where deviations can indicate potential failures. This study optimizes a moving average-based methodology for anomaly detection accuracy by evaluating window sizes (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15) and threshold multipliers (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0). The analysis integrates Mean Squared Error (MSE), correlation analysis, and graphical evaluations, including anomaly distribution, moving average trends, and parameter sensitivity plots. Results indicate that smaller window sizes effectively detect short-term fluctuations but are more susceptible to noise, while larger windows smooth trends but may overlook minor anomalies. Threshold multipliers significantly impact detection, with lower values capturing more anomalies, potentially increasing false positives, and higher values reducing sensitivity but minimizing false alarms. MSE trends suggest a trade-off between sensitivity and robustness, where smaller windows better fit the data but risk overfitting noise, while larger windows reduce responsiveness but enhance stability. Correlation analysis scatterplots reveal a strong dependency between window size and MSE, while anomaly counts exhibit a nonlinear relationship with threshold multipliers. Anomaly detection plots and MSE vs. window size comparisons highlight detection efficiency. The study bridges statistical anomaly detection techniques with real-world laser monitoring, ensuring computational efficiency, robustness, and enhanced fault detection. These findings lay the groundwork for adaptive parameter tuning and machine learning integration in real-time anomaly detection for high-power laser systems.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF LASER POWER STABILITY USING STATISTICAL AND MACHINE LEARNING MODELS , TAYYAB IMRAN, MUDDASIR NAEEM, and Romanian Journal of Physics, 2025 This study explores a comprehensive approach to analyzing laser power stability by combining statistical evaluation with machine learning-based predictive modeling and anomaly detection. Power data from an Erbium-doped femtosecond fiber laser operating at 775 nm are analyzed to assess variability, trends, and potential instabilities. Statistical analysis revealed moderate fluctuations in power output. Advanced anomaly detection techniques, including Isolation Forest and K-means clustering, identified distinct deviations in the data, with K-means achieving a Silhouette Score of 0.73. Predictive modeling using linear regression and ARIMA demonstrated robust forecasting capabilities. The ARIMA model effectively captured both short-term fluctuations and long-term trends, projecting stabilization of laser power over a 300-minute extension, indicative of equilibrium behavior. This study highlights the integration of statistical and machine learning tools as a valuable framework for enhancing precision and stability in high-performance laser applications.
Anisotropic below bandgap harmonic generation in β-gallium oxide Mukhtar Hussain, André Mesquita Antunes, Gonçalo Vaz, Joana Alves, Hugo Pires, Tayyab Imran, Marco Peres, Katharina Lorenz, Encarnación Víllora, Kiyoshi Shimamura, Saibabu Madas, Mousumi Upadhyay Kahaly, Subhendu Kahaly, Gonçalo Figueira, Marta Fajardo, Gareth Williams Optics Express, 2024
Spectral control of high order harmonics through non-linear propagation effects M. Hussain, S. Kaassamani, T. Auguste, W. Boutu, D. Gauthier, M. Kholodtsova, J.-T. Gomes, L. Lavoute, D. Gaponov, N. Ducros, S. Fevrier, R. Nicolas, T. Imran, P. Zeitoun, G. O. Williams, M. Fajardo, H. Merdji Applied Physics Letters, 2021
Ultrashort pulse capability at the L2I high intensity laser facility Gonçalo Figueira, Joana Alves, João M. Dias, Marta Fajardo, Nuno Gomes, Victor Hariton, Tayyab Imran, Celso P. João, Jayanath Koliyadu, Swen Künzel, Nelson C. Lopes, Hugo Pires, Filipe Ruão, Gareth Williams High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 2017
Generation of tunable EUV radiation A. B. Sardinha, E. Abreu, J. M. Dias, D. Douillet, G. Figueira, T. Imran, M. Kozlova, N. Lemos, N. C. Lopes, J. Miranda, G. Rey, P. Zeitoun, M. Fajardo, Dan Dumitras Aip Conference Proceedings, 2010
Laser Beam Collimator for Controlled Divergence in Dazzler Applications G Ali, M Naeem, T Imran Engineering Research Express , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Ultrafast Lasers in Quantum Computing : Controlling Photonics Qubits with Precision Light T Imran https://a.co/d/9iOJW90 , 2025 2025
Image-based laser-beam diagnostics using statistical analysis and machine learning regression T Imran, M Naeem Photonics 12 (5), 504 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Ultrafast Laser Beam Profile Characterization in the Front-End of the ELI-NP Laser System Using Image Features and Machine Learning T Imran Photonics 12 (5), 462 , 2025 2025
ZEMAX Simulation and Experimental Validation for Tandem Fabry‐Perot Interferometers in Brillouin Light Scattering Spectrometer M Naeem, T Imran, MS Anwar Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 67 (5), e70230 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Virtual Frequency‐Resolved Optical Gating Diagnostics for Visualizing Dispersion Dynamics in Ultrashort Laser Pulses T Imran Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 67 (5), e70226 , 2025 2025
Optimizing multi-pass amplifier in a virtual chirped pulse amplification system T Imran Laser Physics 35 (4), 045203 , 2025 2025
ZEMAX Simulations and Experimental Validation of Laser Interferometers M Naeem, T Imran Photonics 12 (3), 206 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Aberration analysis of reflective and transmissive type optical spectrometer using Zemax M Naeem, T Imran Optics Continuum 4 (1), 75-85 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF LASER POWER STABILITY USING STATISTICAL AND MACHINE LEARNING MODELS T Imran, M Naeem Romanian Journal of Physics 70, 909 , 2025 2025
Anomaly Detection in ELI-NP Front-end Laser Energy Data Using an Optimized Moving Average Method T Imran Rom. J. Phys 70, 902 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Anisotropic below bandgap harmonic generation in β -gallium oxide M Hussain, AM Antunes, G Vaz, J Alves, H Pires, T Imran, M Peres, ... Optics Express 32 (26), 47296-47305 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Empowering Laser Technology With Machine Learning: Machine Learning Insight Into The Future of Laser Technology T Imran https://a.co/d/9xOts5K , 2024 2024
A Practical Handbook: Spectrometer and Interferometer Design with ZEMAX OpticStudio TI Muddasir Naeem https://a.co/d/gffCujn , 2024 2024
An experimental study of intensity‐phase characterization of femtosecond laser pulses propagated through a polymethyl methacrylate T Imran, M Naeem, M Hussain Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 66 (6), e34217 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Disentangling the low-order harmonic generation from bulk and thin films M Hussain, GO Williams, T Imran, M Peres, K Lorenz, M Fajardo CLEO: Fundamental Science, FW4C. 5 , 2024 2024
Guide to Building a LASER: Air-based Nitrogen Laser Construction TI Rabiya Munawar, Muddasir Naeem, Mukhtar Hussain https://a.co/d/3SrHEI6 , 2023 2023
Laser Technology Made Easy: Building a Sealed Tube Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Laser System from Scratch for Students and Hobbyists TI Muddasir Naeem https://a.co/d/22Rqpxi , 2023 2023
New soliton solutions of modified (3+ 1)-D Wazwaz–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony and (2+ 1)-D cubic Klein–Gordon equations using first integral method S Javeed, T Imran, H Ahmad, F Tchier, YH Zhao Open Physics 21 (1), 20220229 , 2023 2023 Citations: 16
Non-linear propagation effects of intense femtosecond pulses on below bandgap harmonics in solids M Hussain, GO Williams, T Imran, M Fajardo Journal of Modern Optics 70 (3), 197-204 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Generation of 0.2-TW 5.5-fs optical pulses at 1 kHz using a differentially pumped hollow-fiber chirped-mirror compressor JH Sung, JY Park, T Imran, YS Lee, CH Nam Applied Physics B 82 (1), 5-8 , 2006 2006 Citations: 75
Self-compression of attosecond high-order harmonic pulses KT Kim, KS Kang, MN Park, T Imran, G Umesh, CH Nam Physical review letters 99 (22), 223904 , 2007 2007 Citations: 71
Spectral control of high order harmonics through non-linear propagation effects M Hussain, S Kaassamani, T Auguste, W Boutu, D Gauthier, ... Applied Physics Letters 119 (7) , 2021 2021 Citations: 31
Measurement of the group-delay dispersion of femtosecond optics using white-light interferometry T Imran, KH Hong, TJ Yu, CH Nam Review of scientific instruments 75 (7), 2266-2270 , 2004 2004 Citations: 25
Intensity–phase characterization of white-light continuum generated in sapphire by 280 fs laser pulses at 1053 nm T Imran, G Figueira Journal of Optics 14 (3), 035201 , 2012 2012 Citations: 20
Dispersion compensation by two-stage stretching in a sub-400 fs, 1.2 mJ Yb:CaF 2 amplifier CP João, H Pires, L Cardoso, T Imran, G Figueira Optics Express 22 (9), 10097-10104 , 2014 2014 Citations: 18
Stabilization and control of the carrier-envelope phase of high-power femtosecond laser pulses using the direct locking technique T Imran, YS Lee, CH Nam, KH Hong, TJ Yu, JH Sung Optics Express 15 (1), 104-112 , 2007 2007 Citations: 18
New soliton solutions of modified (3+ 1)-D Wazwaz–Benjamin–Bona–Mahony and (2+ 1)-D cubic Klein–Gordon equations using first integral method S Javeed, T Imran, H Ahmad, F Tchier, YH Zhao Open Physics 21 (1), 20220229 , 2023 2023 Citations: 16
Design simulation and data analysis of an optical spectrometer M Naeem, T Imran, M Hussain, AS Bhatti Optics 3 (3), 304-312 , 2022 2022 Citations: 16
Design simulation of Czerny–Turner configuration-based Raman spectrometer using physical optics propagation algorithm M Naeem, N Fatima, M Hussain, T Imran, AS Bhatti Optics 3 (1), 1-7 , 2022 2022 Citations: 15
Controlling the non-linear optical properties of MgO by tailoring the electronic structure M Hussain, H Pires, W Boutu, D Franz, R Nicolas, T Imran, H Merdji, ... Applied Physics B 126 (3), 46 , 2020 2020 Citations: 15
New soliton solutions of simplified modified Camassa Holm equation, Klein–Gordon–Zakharov equation using first integral method and exponential function method S Javeed, MA Abbasi, T Imran, R Fayyaz, H Ahmad, T Botmart Results in Physics 38, 105506 , 2022 2022 Citations: 12
Microcontroller-based thermoelectrically stabilized laser diode system S Sahi, M Naeem, T Imran Archives of Advanced Engineering Science , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
Design and construction of prototype transversely excited atmospheric (TEA) nitrogen laser energized by a high voltage electrical discharge M Hussain, T Imran Journal of King Saud University-Science 27 (3), 233-238 , 2015 2015 Citations: 9
Efficient white‐light continuum generation in transparent solid media using∼ 250 fs, 1053 nm laser pulses T Imran, G Figueira AIP Conference Proceedings 1228 (1), 370-375 , 2010 2010 Citations: 9
Computer controlled multi‐shot frequency‐resolved optical gating diagnostic system for femtosecond optical pulse measurement T Imran, M Hussain, G Figueira Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 59 (12), 3155-3160 , 2017 2017 Citations: 8
Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating of white-light continuum (500–900 nm) generated in bulk media by 1053 nm laser pulses T Imran, M Hussain, G Figueira Laser Physics Letters 13 (6), 066101 , 2016 2016 Citations: 8
Design and simulation of Mach-Zehnder interferometer by using Zemax optic studio M Naeem, T Imran Acta Scientific Applied Physics 2 (3) , 2022 2022 Citations: 7
Design, Construction and Characterization of Sealed Tube Medium Power CO 2 Laser System M Naeem, T Imran, M Hussain, AS Bhatti Instruments 6 (4), 72 , 2022 2022 Citations: 6
