Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in forensic investigations: a focused review of LC-MS applications Athira Raj T, Aravind G.B., Arun M, Aneesh E. M. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2025 Background Proteomics, the large-scale study of proteins, has long been a vital tool in biological research. Its extension into forensic science, termed forensic proteomics, has opened new avenues for evidence analysis due to its high specificity and diverse applicability. Proteins, being stable and sample-rich, provide valuable insights in various forensic contexts, enhancing both identification and investigative accuracy. Main body Forensic proteomics has demonstrated promising applications in individual differentiation, ethnic and sex identification, biological age estimation, determination of the post-mortem interval (PMI), and biomarker-based identification of bodily fluids and tissues. It also plays a critical role in anti-doping efforts by detecting illicit peptides, proteins, and hormones. Commonly analyzed human samples include hair, bone, muscle, blood, and fingerprints. Among the many forensic challenges, PMI estimation remains one of the most debated and in need of methodological improvement. Despite its growing relevance, the field requires further validation and standardization to ensure reproducibility and legal acceptance of proteomic evidence. Conclusion This review offers a comprehensive overview of forensic proteomics, highlighting current methodologies, human sample-based applications, and future prospects. By addressing existing challenges and exploring emerging directions, it aims to support forensic investigators and researchers in adopting proteomics as a reliable tool for evidence analysis and interpretation. Key points: Forensic proteomics enables individual profiling by identifying ethnicity, sex, biological age, body fluids, tissues, and PMI using protein signatures from samples such as bone, hair, blood, and fingermarks. Advanced mass spectrometry approaches, including tandem MS, top-down, middle-down, and bottom-up proteomics, enhance the sensitivity and specificity of forensic investigations. Biomarker-driven analysis is emphasized, with key proteins such as feutin A (age estimation), biglycan (PMI), and keratin peptides (sex and ethnicity) offering valuable forensic insights. Challenges in forensic proteomics include sample degradation, lack of methodological standardization, and species differentiation, which limit reproducibility and legal admissibility. The review supports current findings about adopting forensic proteomics as a reliable and admissible tool in legal and investigative contexts.
Lyme disease: A comprehensive perspective on pathogen biology, clinical aspects and epidemiology in India Pulamoola Kelu Sarath, Embalil Mathachan Aneesh Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 2025 Background & objectives: Lyme disease is a multisystem illness caused by the spirochaetes bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia. It is a tick-borne disease that poses serious health concerns in major parts of the world including India. This review aims to comprehend the disease in depth encompassing its pathogen biology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment strategies, epidemiology in India, and preventive measures against it. Methods: Peer-reviewed articles, reviews, meta-analyses and clinical studies relating to the topic were searched across reliable electronic databases like PubMed, and ScienceDirect, without imposing any time restriction for up-to-date information with a focus on sources indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI). Results: The pathogen is a gram-negative bacterium namely Borrelia burgdorferi infesting ticks mainly belonging to the genus Ixodes. Clinical presentations vary from single Erethema Chronicum Migrans (ECM) to neurological complexities, cardiac disorders, and severe arthritic conditions. A two-tiered test recommended by Centre for Disease Control is currently employed to diagnose the disease. Fifteen out of 28 states in India have reports of Lyme disease; most of these states also have Ixodes ticks. However, the exact vector is not confirmed in India. Interpretation & conclusion: Thirteen of the 15 states where Lyme disease cases have been reported have also had ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes. Thus, it can be assumed that vectors of Lyme disease in India are Ixodes sp. More studies are required to confirm and validate this assumption, and find the exact species of the vector tick. As an ignored vector-borne disease in India, Lyme disease warrants more research and surveillance.
Mosquito Control Part II: Plant-Based Products or Phytochemicals E. Pushpalatha, Devinder Kaur Kocher, Arti Prasad, Ipsita Bhowmik, E. R. Anirudh, A.N. Anoopkumar, Embalil Mathachan Aneesh, B.K. Tyagi Mosquitoes of India Mosquito Borne Diseases Diagnosis and Control, 2025 Mosquitoes represent a major group of vectors involved in spreading deadly diseases like malaria, lymphatic filariasis, yellow fever, dengue, Zika, chikungunya, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis. Vector is an integral part of any vector-borne disease, particularly where zoonoses occur. Conventional methods of control predominantly depend on use of chemical pesticides; however, the problems associated with extensive usage of synthetic compounds have posed serious constraints in elimination of vector-borne diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to bring in use only much safer and effective mosquito control strategies. Plant-based mosquito control agents have been used for generations in traditional practices and in recent years have gained popularity with their phytocompounds as safer alternative to the conventional synthetic chemical pesticides in controlling vector populations in certain ecosystems or ecological situations. This paper attempts to improve the knowledge on the potentials of phytocompounds and current trends in employing plant-based bioinsecticides in mosquito control regimes, its limitations and future prospects for the development of state-of-the-art mosquito control strategies.
Hyalomma dromedarii infesting camels in Hail Province, Saudi Arabia, carry antimicrobial resistant bacteria Alanoud T. Aljasham, Sajith Raghunandanan, Raed Farzan, Abdulhadi M. Abdulwahed, Embalil Mathachan Aneesh, Sumiyaa Alharbi, Yusra Shukri, Mohammed Alshammari, Fuad Alanazi Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2025 Ticks are known vectors of various pathogens and are increasingly recognized as carriers of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. However, the role of camel ticks in AMR transmission remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated bacteria isolated from Hyalomma dromedarii hard ticks collected from dromedary camels in Hail Province, Saudi Arabia, and assessed their AMR profiles. A total of 57 ticks were collected, yielding 29 bacterial isolates. The majority (79%; 23/29) were Gram-negative bacteria, primarily Enterobacter cloacae complex (n = 21) and Pseudomonas putida (n = 2). Gram-positive isolates (21%; 6/29) included Staphylococcus sciuri (n = 4) and Staphylococcus xylosus (n = 2). All Gram-negative isolates were resistant to cefazolin, 91% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and 8.7% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, while remaining susceptible to higher-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. Among Gram-positive isolates, resistance to fusidic acid was universal, with occasional resistance to benzylpenicillin (33%) and erythromycin (17%). No multidrug resistance across three or more antibiotic classes was observed. These findings highlight the presence of clinically relevant AMR bacteria in camel ticks and underscore the need for targeted AMR surveillance in arid livestock regions. Such efforts are critical to understanding and mitigating AMR risks within the animal–human–environment interface of the One Health framework.
Overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Mosquito Research, with Special Reference to the Future of Indian Fauna Alphy Joseph, Krishnadas Ashok, P. Fijy Jose, E. M. Aneesh, N. R. Mangalambal, Susanta Kumar Ghosh, Chaitali Ghosh, Abhijit Mazumdar, E. Pushpalatha, B.K. Tyagi Mosquitoes of India Mosquito Borne Diseases Diagnosis and Control, 2025 Artificial intelligence (AI)–based methods have been used to predict vector-borne illnesses. This study specifically looks at the numerous methodologies, parameters, variables, dataset kinds, and performance measures utilized in earlier studies, including individual and ensemble methods. AI is an emerging computational science, and its utility in the case of mosquito research is very recent. In India, there are hardly any conclusive investigations, and therefore, its application to the Indian fauna has been abysmally performed. On the contrary, in the Western world, a lot of systemic AI research on various aspects of mosquito biology has been carried out – for example, mosquito species identification, mosquito surveillance, and population mapping and control. This review demonstrates how AI techniques excel at disease recognition, categorization, identification, and assessment of control measure efficacy. In this chapter, we investigate how to classify and identify mosquitoes using machine learning and neural networking approaches. The study contrasts the standard method with deep learning–based disease recognition.
Enzymes Production From Food Waste and Their Application Vismaya N. Kumar, Sharrel Rebello, Sindhu Raveendran, Binod Parameswaran, Ashok Pandey, Embalil Mathachan Aneesh, Prabhakumari C. Research Anthology on Emerging Techniques in Environmental Remediation, 2022
Cleaner technologies to combat heavy metal toxicity Sharrel Rebello, M.S. Sivaprasad, A.N. Anoopkumar, Lekshmi Jayakrishnan, Embalil Mathachan Aneesh, Vivek Narisetty, Raveendran Sindhu, Parameswaran Binod, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Ashok Pandey Journal of Environmental Management, 2021
Nanoparticles in remediation: strategies and new challenges Sharrel Rebello, Vinod Kumar Nathan, Embalil Mathachan Aneesh, Raveendran Sindhu, Parameswaran Binod, Ashok Pandey Nanomaterials Application in Biofuels and Bioenergy Production Systems, 2021
Hazardous minerals mining: Challenges and solutions Sharrel Rebello, A.N. Anoopkumar, Embalil Mathachan Aneesh, Raveendran Sindhu, Parameswaran Binod, Sang Hyoun Kim, Ashok Pandey Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020
Species composition and abundance of rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) in thrissur kole wetland, kerala, india. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 2020
