Matthew L. Bolton
@virginia.edu
University of Virginia
Scopus Publications
- Workload Does Not Work: On the Many Problems of the NASA-TLX
Skye S. Taylor, Matthew L. Bolton
IEEE Transactions on Human Machine Systems, 2026 - Multitasking Tug-of-War: Exploring the Impact of Task Modality, Task Load Level, and Task Load Type on Dual-Task Interference in Virtual Reality
Mohamad El Iskandarani, Matthew Bolton, Sara Lu Riggs
Human Factors, 2026
Objective The present work investigates how task modality (visual, auditory), task load level (low or high), and task load type (target-distractor similarity, display rate) influence dual-task interference in virtual reality (VR). Background Dual-task interference is influenced by various factors including perceptual modality, where tasks that share the same modality may yield larger performance decrements than tasks that do not. Task load (i.e., level and type) can also reduce performance in one or both tasks. However, the interaction between these factors in immersive environments like VR is still unclear. Method Participants performed a: (a) visual tracking task, (b) visual/auditory detection task, or (c) both concurrently in two different experiments. In Experiment 1, visual tracking load was manipulated via increasing target-distractor similarity, while detection load was manipulated via increasing display rate. In Experiment 2, detection load was manipulated by increasing target-distractor similarity. Results In Experiment 1, higher detection task loads induced greater dual-task costs (DTC) in the detection task regardless of task modality, whereas tracking task DTC was not influenced by higher task loads. In Experiment 2, higher detection task loads induced greater DTC in the detection task only when it was presented visually. Conclusion The findings suggest that tasks presented in the same modality may experience greater dual-task interference in one or both tasks depending on the task load level and type. Application These findings can inform the design of multimodal interfaces in complex multitasking environments like military operations or emergency response where minimizing dual-task interference at varying workloads is crucial. - The status of extracellular vesicles as drug carriers and therapeutics
Ameya P. Chaudhari, Omar M. Budayr, Emily E. Bonacquisti, Caden C. Kussatz, Mark S. Bannon, et al.
Nature Reviews Bioengineering, 2026 - Fuzzy Mental Models: A Formalism for Reasoning About Vagueness and Confusion in Human Machine Interaction
Matthew L. Bolton, Leyi Cui, Eunsuk Kang
International Journal of Human Computer Interaction, 2026 - Guiding by touch: A vibrotactile navigation system for underwater situational awareness
Giovanna Camacho, Matthew L. Bolton, Amanda Watson, Henry Bearden, Sharon Lu
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2026 - Examining dual-task interference effects of visual and auditory perceptual load in virtual reality
Mohamad El Iskandarani, Matthew Bolton, Sara Lu Riggs
International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 2025 - Integrating an intuitive tactical navigation solution to enable situational awareness for people with visual disabilities
Giovanna Camacho, Matthew L. Bolton, Amanda Watson, Ian Pitt
Applied Ergonomics, 2025 - Design Matters: Scale Design and Rounding Ratings Impacts NASA-TLX Results
Skye S. Taylor, Matthew L. Bolton
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2025
The NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) is a widely used subjective measure of mental workload (MWL), but its visual design and postcollection data manipulation (rounding) practices lack standardization across studies. These inconsistencies may bias results. This secondary analysis of a prior within-subjects experiment examined whether different response formats (Knob, Slider, Ask) affect TLX ratings. Friedman tests revealed significant differences between formats across all dimensions except Effort, regardless of rounding. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests further showed that rounding significantly alters the data distribution for each sub-scale. Parametric comparisons of the data between different task-difficulty conditions suggest that the experimental findings can be influenced by the response format used to collect ratings. These findings demonstrate how rounding and interface design can meaningfully influence TLX results. Therefore, greater consistency in documentation, implementation, and reporting is needed to improve reliability and reduce bias in future studies. We call for further research into these issues - Are Deep Brain Simulators Usable? A Pilot Observational Study With Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor Patients
Ekim Koca, Matthew Bolton, Renzo Figari Jordan, Kevin Villalobos
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2025
This observational study explores whether people with Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor face additional barriers when interacting with medical devices, specifically deep brain simulators. Informal observations were conducted with six deep brain simulator patients. During the study, it was found that every participant thought at least one aspect of the deep brain simulator was scary, frustrating, or confusing. - A Computational Multiple Resource Theory Approach to Modeling Dual-Task Interference in VR: The Roles of Resource Demand, Resource Conflict, Visual Angle Separation, and Task Priority
Mohamad El Iskandarani, Christopher D. Wickens, Matthew L. Bolton, Sara Lu Riggs
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2025
Understanding the factors that drive dual-task interference—the performance decline when two tasks are performed concurrently—is critical for designing effective interfaces in multitasking environments such as health care and aviation. This study examines the influence of resource conflict, visual angle separation, and task priority on dual-task interference. Data was collected from 39 participants performing a visual tracking task and a digit task in virtual reality (VR). Using Multiple Resource Theory’s (MRT) computational model, an iterative approach was employed to evaluate each factor’s contribution. Incorporating resource conflict improved model fit over a demand-only baseline, and adding a visual penalty to account for angle separation further enhanced prediction accuracy. Task-specific results showed greater interference in the digit task, suggesting that task priority influences susceptibility to interference. Overall, the results highlight the importance of incorporating resource conflict and perceptual factors, such as visual angle separation, into computational models of dual-task interference. - Towards a Signal Detection Based Measure for Assessing Information Quality of Explainable Recommender Systems
Yeonbin Son, Matthew L. Bolton
Proceedings 2025 IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence Cai 2025, 2025 - Formal Mental Models for Human-Centered Cybersecurity
Adam M. Houser, Matthew L. Bolton
International Journal of Human Computer Interaction, 2025 - A Trust-Aware Reinforcement Learning Approach to Enhance Human-Agent Teaming: An Overcooked-AI Study
Kiana Jafari Meimandi, Matthew L. Bolton, Peter A. Beling
Ichms 2025 5th IEEE International Conference on Human Machine Systems AI and Large Language Models Transforming Human Machine Interactions, 2025 - Validation of a Formal Method for Human Error Rate Prediction With Negative Transfer
Yeonbin Son, Matthew L. Bolton, Emma Crooks, Hannah Palmer, Eunsuk Kang, et al.
IEEE Transactions on Human Machine Systems, 2025 - Lost in Compression: Who's Heard and Who's Blurred in Digital Voice Communication?
Elizabeth J. Recktenwald, Catherine H. Nguyen, Madison C. Sullivan, Lucas Vallarino, Jad A. Atweh, et al.
2025 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium Sieds 2025, 2025 - Academic Integrity in Crisis: A Systematic Analysis of Questionable Research Practices
Ford Downer, Sean Ferguson, Anna Fisher, Riley Tomek, Matthew Bolton, et al.
2025 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium Sieds 2025, 2025 - Trust is Not a Virtue: Why We Should Not Trust Trust
Matthew L. Bolton
Ergonomics in Design, 2024 - Fluorogenic RNA-based biomaterials for imaging and tracking the cargo of extracellular vesicles
Emily E. Bonacquisti, Scott W. Ferguson, Gable M. Wadsworth, Natalie E. Jasiewicz, Jinli Wang, et al.
Journal of Controlled Release, 2024 - Action Over Words: Predicting Human Trust in AI Partners Through Gameplay Behaviors
Kiana Jafari Meimandi, Matthew L. Bolton, Peter A. Beling
IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication Ro Man, 2024 - Provably Clean: A Formal Analysis of Hand Hygiene during Anesthesiology Induction
Isabella Holloman, Austin Campbell, Neha Pavuluru, Sergio Darquea, Gabriel A Lawrence, et al.
2024 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium Sieds 2024, 2024 - RL-HAT: A New Framework for Understanding Human-Agent Teaming
Proceedings of the Inaugural 2023 Summer Symposium Series 2023, 2023 - Robustification of Behavioral Designs against Environmental Deviations
Changjian Zhang, Tarang Saluja, Rômulo Meira-Góes, Matthew Bolton, David Garlan, et al.
Proceedings International Conference on Software Engineering, 2023 - The Mathematical Meaninglessness of the NASA Task Load Index: A Level of Measurement Analysis
Matthew L. Bolton, Elliot Biltekoff, Laura Humphrey
IEEE Transactions on Human Machine Systems, 2023 - A Formal Method for Assessing Mental Workload
Matthew L. Bolton, Skye Solace Taylor, Laura Humphrey
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2023 - Negative Transfer in Task-Based Human Reliability Analysis: A Formal Methods Approach
Matthew L. Bolton, Svetlana Riabova, Yeonbin Son, Eunsuk Kang
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2023 - A Formal Method for the Analysis of the Veteran’s Ebenefits’ Website
Giovanna Camacho, Matthew Bolton, Jingan Peng, Prashanth Wagle
Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International, 2023 - Does Trust Have Value? A Discussion About the Importance of Trust to Human Factors and Engineering
Matthew L. Bolton, Peter A. Hancock, John D. Lee, Enid Montague, X. Jessie Yang
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2023 - To Shoot or Not to Shoot? Human, Robot, and Automated Voice Directive Compliance With Target Acquisition and Engagement
Giovanna Camacho, Matthew Bolton, Joseph Loggi, Kallia Smith, Emmett Rice
Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International, 2023 - Humanistic Engineering: Engineering for the People
Matthew L. Bolton
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 2022 - The Level of Measurement of Subjective Situation Awareness and Its Dimensions in the Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART)
Matthew Bolton, Elliot Biltekoff, Laura Humphrey
IEEE Transactions on Human Machine Systems, 2022 - Masking Between Reserved Alarm Sounds of the IEC 60601-1-8 International Medical Alarm Standard: A Systematic, Formal Analysis
Matthew L. Bolton, Judy R. Edworthy, Andrew D. Boyd
Human Factors, 2022 - Preliminary Evidence of Sexual Bias in Voice over Internet Protocol Audio Compression
Matthew L. Bolton
Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2022 - Fuzzy Mental Model Finite State Machines: A Mental Modeling Formalism for Assessing Mode Confusion and Human-machine 'Trust'
Matthew L. Bolton, Elliot Biltekoff, Kevin Byrne
Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Human Machine Systems Ichms 2022, 2022 - On the Level of Measurement of Subjective Psychometric Ratings
Matthew L. Bolton, Elliot Biltekoff, Jiajun Wei, Laura Humphrey
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2022 - A formal method for including the probability of erroneous human task behavior in system analyses
Matthew L. Bolton, Xi Zheng, Eunsuk Kang
Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 2021 - A Taxonomy of Forcing Functions for Addressing Human Errors in Human-machine Interaction*
Pengyuan Wan, Matthew L. Bolton
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2021 - Extended SAFPH℞ (Systems Analysis for Formal Pharmaceutical Human Reliability): Two approaches based on extended CREAM and a comparative analysis
Xi Zheng, Matthew L. Bolton, Christopher Daly
Safety Science, 2020 - The development of a next-generation human reliability analysis: Systems analysis for formal pharmaceutical human reliability (SAFPH[Formula presented])
Xi Zheng, Matthew L. Bolton, Christopher Daly, Elliot Biltekoff
Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 2020 - An Experimental Validation of Masking in IEC 60601-1-8:2006-Compliant Alarm Sounds
Matthew L. Bolton, Xi Zheng, Meng Li, Judy Reed Edworthy, Andrew D. Boyd
Human Factors, 2020 - Explaining Supervised Learning Models: A Preliminary Study on Binary Classifiers
Xiaomei Wang, Ann M. Bisantz, Matthew L. Bolton, Lora Cavuoto, Varun Chandola
Ergonomics in Design, 2020 - The level of measurement of trust in automation
Jiajun Wei, Matthew L. Bolton, Laura Humphrey
Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2020 - Cognitive Work Analysis and Visualization Design for the Graduate Admission Decision Making Process
Xiaomei Wang, Ann M. Bisantz, Matthew L. Bolton, Lora Cavuoto, Varun Chandola
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2020 - Editorial Special Issue on Computational Human Performance Modeling
Changxu Wu, L. Rothrock, M. Bolton
IEEE Transactions on Human Machine Systems, 2019 - A formal method for assessing the impact of task-based erroneous human behavior on system safety
Matthew L. Bolton, Kylie A. Molinaro, Adam M. Houser
Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 2019 - Task-based Automated Test Case Generation for Human-machine Interactio
Meng Li, Matthew L. Bolton
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2019 - Using the Lens Model and Cognitive Continuum Theory to Understand the Effects of Cognition on Phishing Victimization
Kylie A. Molinaro, Matthew L. Bolton
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2019 - Subjective Measurement of Trust: Is It on the Level?
Jiajun Wei, Matthew L. Bolton, Laura Humphrey
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2019 - An analysis of air traffic management concepts of operation using simulation and formal verification
Lanssie M. Ma, Adam Houser, Karen M. Feigh, Matthew Bolton
AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, 2019 - A computationally efficient formal method for discovering simultaneous masking in medical alarms
Matthew L. Bolton, Judy Edworthy, Andrew D. Boyd, Jiajun Wei, Xi Zheng
Applied Acoustics, 2018 - Getting Better Hospital Alarm Sounds Into a Global Standard
Judy Reed Edworthy, Richard R. McNeer, Christopher L. Bennett, Roman Dudaryk, Siné J. P. McDougall, et al.
Ergonomics in Design, 2018 - Evaluating the applicability of the double system lens model to the analysis of phishing email judgments
Kylie A. Molinaro, Matthew L. Bolton
Computers and Security, 2018 - Using formal methods to reason about taskload and resource conflicts in simulated air traffic scenarios
Adam Houser, Lanssie Mingyue Ma, Karen M. Feigh, Matthew L. Bolton
Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, 2018 - Properties for formally assessing the performance level of human-human collaborative procedures with miscommunications and erroneous human behavior
Dan Pan, Matthew L. Bolton
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2018 - A formal methods approach for predicting how users will utilize system features
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2018 - A formal analysis of masking between reserved alarm sounds of the iec 60601-1-8 international medical alarm standard
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2018 - A task-based taxonomy of erroneous human behavior
Matthew L. Bolton
International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 2017 - A LAMSTAR network-based human judgment analysis
Jae M. Yoon, David He, Matthew L. Bolton
IEEE Transactions on Human Machine Systems, 2017 - A Formal Machine-Learning Approach to Generating Human-Machine Interfaces from Task Models
Meng Li, Jiajun Wei, Xi Zheng, Matthew L. Bolton
IEEE Transactions on Human Machine Systems, 2017 - Comparing perceptual judgment and subjective measures of spatial awareness
Situational Awareness, 2017 - Improving the scalability of formal human–automation interaction verification analyses that use task-analytic models
Matthew L. Bolton, Xi Zheng, Kylie Molinaro, Adam Houser, Meng Li
Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, 2017 - Novel developments in formal methods for human factors engineering
Matthew L. Bolton
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2017 - Compression rates and spatial judgment biases made from synthetic vision perspective displays
Jiajun Wei, Matthew L. Bolton
Journal of Aerospace Information Systems, 2017 - Enhanced Operator Function Model (EOFM): A Task Analytic Modeling Formalism for Including Human Behavior in the Verification of Complex Systems
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
Human Computer Interaction Series, 2017 - A formal human reliability analysis of a community pharmacy dispensing procedure
Xi Zheng, Matthew L. Bolton, Christopher Daly, Lu Feng
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2017 - A formal approach to discovering simultaneous additive masking between auditory medical alarms
Bassam Hasanain, Andrew D. Boyd, Judy Edworthy, Matthew L. Bolton
Applied Ergonomics, 2017 - Using Model Checking to Detect Simultaneous Masking in Medical Alarms
Bassam Hasanain, Andrew D. Boyd, Matthew L. Bolton
IEEE Transactions on Human Machine Systems, 2016 - A formal approach to modeling and analyzing human taskload in simulated air traffic scenarios
Adam Houser, Lanssie Mingyue Ma, Karen Feigh, Matthew L. Bolton
Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Complex Systems Engineering Iccse 2015, 2016 - Using model checking to detect masking in IEC 60601-1-8-compliant alarm configurations
Matthew L. Bolton, Bassam Hasanain, Andrew D. Boyde, Judy Edworthy
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2016 - Multimodal team interactions in robot-assisted surgery
Judith Tiferes, Ann M. Bisantz, Matthew L. Bolton, D. Jeffery Higginbotham, Ryan P. O’Hara, et al.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2016 - Model checking human-human communication protocols using task models and miscommunication generation
Matthew L. Bolton
Journal of Aerospace Information Systems, 2015 - A formal method for evaluating the performance level of human-human collaborative procedures
Dan Pan, Matthew L. Bolton
Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2015 - Learning formal human-machine interface designs from task analytic models
Meng Li, Kylie Molinaro, Matthew L. Bolton
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2015 - Automatically generating specification properties from task models for the formal verification of human-automation interaction
Matthew L. Bolton, Noelia Jimenez, Marinus M. van Paassen, Maite Trujillo
IEEE Transactions on Human Machine Systems, 2014 - An approach to generating human-computer interfaces from task models
Aaai Spring Symposium Technical Report, 2014 - Checking formal verification models for human-automation interaction
M. M. van Paassen, Matthew L. Bolton, Noelia Jimenez
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2014 - An approach to model checking the perceptual interactions of medical alarms
Bassam Hasanain, Andrew D. Boyd, Matthew L. Bolton
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2014 - Information, data entry, and reporting requirements for a resident handoff of care support tool
Ellen J. Bass, Kimberly Brantley, Thomas Perez, Matthew L. Bolton, Adam Helms, et al.
Proceedings 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics Smc 2013, 2013 - Using formal verification to evaluate human-automation interaction: A review
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass, Radu I. Siminiceanu
IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part A Systems and Humans, 2013 - Framework to support scenario development for human-centered alerting system evaluation
Matthew L. Bolton, Sinan Goknur, Ellen J. Bass
IEEE Transactions on Human Machine Systems, 2013 - Evaluating human-human communication protocols with miscommunication generation and model checking
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2013 - Automatic validation and failure diagnosis of human-device interfaces using task analytic models and model checking
Matthew L. Bolton
Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 2013 - Generating erroneous human behavior from strategic knowledge in task models and evaluating its impact on system safety with model checking
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems, 2013 - On policies and intents
Matthew L. Bolton, Celeste M. Wallace, Lenore D. Zuck
Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2012 - Generating phenotypical erroneous human behavior to evaluate human-automation interaction using model checking
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass, Radu I. Siminiceanu
International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 2012 - Using Model Checking to Explore Checklist-Guided Pilot Behavior
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2012 - Evaluating human-automation interaction using task analytic behavior models, strategic knowledge-based erroneous human behavior generation, and model checking
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2011 - Toward a multi-method approach to formalizing human-automation interaction and human-human communications
Ellen J. Bass, Matthew L. Bolton, Karen Feigh, Dennis Griffith, Elsa Gunter, et al.
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2011 - Validating human-device interfaces with model checking and temporal logic properties automatically generated from task analytic models
20th Annual Conference on Behavior Representation in Modeling and Simulation 2011 Brims 2011, 2011 - A systematic approach to model checking human-automation interaction using task analytic models
M. L. Bolton, R. I. Siminiceanu, E. J. Bass
IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part A Systems and Humans, 2011 - Using task analytic models to visualize model checker counterexamples
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2010 - Using task analytic models and phenotypes of erroneous human behavior to discover system failures using model checking
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2010 - Formally verifying human-automation interaction as part of a system model: Limitations and tradeoffs
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering, 2010 - Enhanced operator function model: A generic human task behavior modeling language
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2009 - A method for the formal verification of human-interactive systems
Matthew L Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2009 - Comparing perceptual judgment and subjective measures of spatial awareness
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
Applied Ergonomics, 2009 - Modeling human perception: Could stevens' power law be an emergent feature?
Matthew L. Bolton
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2008 - Using relative position and temporal judgments to identify biases in spatial awareness for synthetic vision systems
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 2008 - Spatial awareness: Comparing judgment-based and subjective measures
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2007 - Spatial awareness in synthetic vision systems: Using spatial and temporal judgments to evaluate texture and field of view
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass, James Raymond Comstock
Human Factors, 2007 - Using relative position and temporal judgments to assess the effects of texture and field of view on spatial awareness for synthetic vision systems displays
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 2006 - A toolset to support the development of spatial and temporal judgment experiments for synthetic vision systems
Matthew Bolton, Ellen Bass, James Comstock
Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium Sieds 06, 2006 - Using videos derived from simulations to support the analysis of spatial awareness in synthetic vision displays
Matthew L. Bolton, Ellen J. Bass, James R. Comstock
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2006 - Assessment and enhancement of synthetic vision systems experimentation software
Matthew Bolton, Thomas Hagan, Deniz Kustu, Lancen Lachance, Steven Li, et al.
Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium Sieds 06, 2006 - Cognitive Systems Engineering Educational Software (CSEES): Educational software addressing quantitative models of performance
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2005 - Adding a motor control component to the operator function model expert system to investigate air traffic management concepts using simulation
S. Goknur, M. Bolton, E.J. Bass
Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 2004
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
- Relationships Between Trust, Compliance, and Performance for Novice Programmers Using AI Code Generation
N Gardella, ML Bolton, SL Riggs
arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.18948 , 2026
2026 - Multitasking Tug-of-War: Exploring the Impact of Task Modality, Task Load Level, and Task Load Type on Dual-Task Interference in Virtual Reality
M El Iskandarani, M Bolton, SL Riggs
Human Factors 68 (4), 519-539 , 2026
2026
Citations: 1 - Workload Does Not Work: On the Many Problems of the NASA-TLX
SS Taylor, ML Bolton
IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems , 2026
2026
Citations: 1 - Fuzzy Mental Models: A Formalism for Reasoning About Vagueness and Confusion in Human Machine Interaction
ML Bolton, L Cui, E Kang
International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1-27 , 2026
2026 - The status of extracellular vesicles as drug carriers and therapeutics
AP Chaudhari, OM Budayr, EE Bonacquisti, CC Kussatz, MS Bannon, ...
Nature Reviews Bioengineering, 1-18 , 2026
2026
Citations: 12 - Guiding by touch: A vibrotactile navigation system for underwater situational awareness
G Camacho, ML Bolton, A Watson, H Bearden, S Lu
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 111, 103864 , 2026
2026 - 2025 Index IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems Vol. 55
A Abbasnia, MA Abido, N Achour, S Adebayo, M Agrawal, MAR Ahad, ...
IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 55 (6) , 2025
2025 - Integrating an intuitive tactical navigation solution to enable situational awareness for people with visual disabilities
G Camacho, ML Bolton, A Watson, I Pitt
Applied Ergonomics 129, 104576 , 2025
2025
Citations: 3 - Examining dual-task interference effects of visual and auditory perceptual load in virtual reality
M El Iskandarani, M Bolton, SL Riggs
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 103619 , 2025
2025
Citations: 3 - Design Matters: Scale Design and Rounding Ratings Impacts NASA-TLX Results
SS Taylor, ML Bolton
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 69 (1 … , 2025
2025 - Are Deep Brain Simulators Usable? A Pilot Observational Study With Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor Patients
E Koca, M Bolton, R Figari Jordan, K Villalobos
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 69 (1 … , 2025
2025 - A computational multiple resource theory approach to modeling dual-task interference in VR: The roles of resource demand, resource conflict, visual angle separation, and task …
M El Iskandarani, CD Wickens, ML Bolton, SL Riggs
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 69 (1 … , 2025
2025
Citations: 2 - Validation of a Formal Method for Human Error Rate Prediction With Negative Transfer
Y Son, ML Bolton, E Crooks, H Palmer, E Kang, C Daly
IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems , 2025
2025 - A Trust-Aware Reinforcement Learning Approach to Enhance Human-Agent Teaming: An Overcooked-AI Study
KJ Meimandi, ML Bolton, PA Beling
2025 IEEE 5th International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS), 01-8 , 2025
2025
Citations: 2 - Towards a Signal Detection Based Measure for Assessing Information Quality of Explainable Recommender Systems
Y Son, ML Bolton
2025 IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (CAI), 203-208 , 2025
2025
Citations: 1 - Academic Integrity in Crisis: A Systematic Analysis of Questionable Research Practices
F Downer, S Ferguson, A Fisher, R Tomek, M Bolton, WT Scherer, ...
2025 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS), 13-18 , 2025
2025 - Lost in Compression: Who’s Heard and Who’s Blurred in Digital Voice Communication?
EJ Recktenwald, CH Nguyen, MC Sullivan, L Vallarino, JA Atweh, ...
2025 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS), 369-374 , 2025
2025
Citations: 1 - Academic integrity in crisis: A systematic analysis of questionable research practices; taxonomy and dictionary
M Bolton, E Koca, R Tomek, D Downer, S Johnson, A Fisher, OC King, ...
University of Virginia , 2025
2025
Citations: 1 - Formal mental models for human-centered cybersecurity
AM Houser, ML Bolton
International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 41 (2), 1414-1430 , 2025
2025
Citations: 10 - NASA-TLX workload ratings collected with multiple response types in a UAS search-tracking task [Data set]
ML M. L. Bolton, E Biltekoff, L Humphrey, SS Taylor
University of Virginia Dataverse , 2025
2025
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
- Using formal verification to evaluate human-automation interaction: A review
ML Bolton, EJ Bass, RI Siminiceanu
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 43 (3), 488-503 , 2013
2013
Citations: 239 - A systematic approach to model checking human–automation interaction using task analytic models
ML Bolton, RI Siminiceanu, EJ Bass
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part A: Systems and … , 2011
2011
Citations: 153 - The mathematical meaninglessness of the NASA task load index: A level of measurement analysis
ML Bolton, E Biltekoff, L Humphrey
IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 53 (3), 590-599 , 2023
2023
Citations: 99 - Generating phenotypical erroneous human behavior to evaluate human–automation interaction using model checking
ML Bolton, EJ Bass, RI Siminiceanu
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 70 (11), 888-906 , 2012
2012
Citations: 92 - Formally verifying human–automation interaction as part of a system model: limitations and tradeoffs
ML Bolton, EJ Bass
Innovations in systems and software engineering 6 (3), 219-231 , 2010
2010
Citations: 76 - Generating erroneous human behavior from strategic knowledge in task models and evaluating its impact on system safety with model checking
ML Bolton, EJ Bass
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 43 (6), 1314-1327 , 2013
2013
Citations: 55 - The level of measurement of subjective situation awareness and its dimensions in the situation awareness rating technique (SART)
ML Bolton, E Biltekoff, L Humphrey
IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 52 (6), 1147-1154 , 2021
2021
Citations: 54 - Automatically generating specification properties from task models for the formal verification of human–automation interaction
ML Bolton, N Jiménez, MM van Paassen, M Trujillo
IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 44 (5), 561-575 , 2014
2014
Citations: 51 - Getting better hospital alarm sounds into a global standard
JR Edworthy, RR McNeer, CL Bennett, R Dudaryk, SJP McDougall, ...
Ergonomics in Design 26 (4), 4-13 , 2018
2018
Citations: 49 - A method for the formal verification of human-interactive systems
ML Bolton, EJ Bass
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53 … , 2009
2009
Citations: 47 - Toward a multi-method approach to formalizing human-automation interaction and human-human communications
EJ Bass, ML Bolton, K Feigh, D Griffith, E Gunter, W Mansky, J Rushby
2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1817-1824 , 2011
2011
Citations: 46 - A formal approach to discovering simultaneous additive masking between auditory medical alarms
B Hasanain, AD Boyd, J Edworthy, ML Bolton
Applied ergonomics 58, 500-514 , 2017
2017
Citations: 45 - The development of a next-generation human reliability analysis: Systems analysis for formal pharmaceutical human reliability (SAFPH)
X Zheng, ML Bolton, C Daly, E Biltekoff
Reliability Engineering & System Safety 202, 106927 , 2020
2020
Citations: 42 - Evaluating the applicability of the double system lens model to the analysis of phishing email judgments
KA Molinaro, ML Bolton
computers & security 77, 128-137 , 2018
2018
Citations: 41 - Properties for formally assessing the performance level of human-human collaborative procedures with miscommunications and erroneous human behavior
D Pan, ML Bolton
International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 63, 75-88 , 2018
2018
Citations: 41 - Using task analytic models to visualize model checker counterexamples
ML Bolton, EJ Bass
2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2069-2074 , 2010
2010
Citations: 40 - Using model checking to explore checklist-guided pilot behavior
ML Bolton, EJ Bass
The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 22 (4), 343-366 , 2012
2012
Citations: 36 - Spatial awareness in synthetic vision systems: Using spatial and temporal judgments to evaluate texture and field of view
ML Bolton, EJ Bass, J Raymond Comstock Jr
Human Factors 49 (6), 961-974 , 2007
2007
Citations: 36 - Enhanced operator function model: A generic human task behavior modeling language
ML Bolton, EJ Bass
2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2904-2911 , 2009
2009
Citations: 35 - Trust is not a virtue: Why we should not trust trust
ML Bolton
Ergonomics in Design 32 (4), 4-11 , 2024
2024
Citations: 33
