Right to clean air: an exigent concern – a comparative research on the USA and China along with a pragmatic examination of India’s NCAP Himanshi Bhatia, Karun Sanjaya International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2025 India harbours some of the most polluted cities globally. Consequently, the degrading air quality is contributing to the cascading effects on human health. The pandemic-induced lockdown has revealed natural healing phenomena worldwide, showing that collective action can improve air quality. The Government of India developed the flagship program National Clean Air Programme (NCAP hereinafter) in 2019, covering 122 non-attainment cities, which targets to cut down 20-30% of particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) in the air of 122 cities by the year 2024 with 2017 as the base year. However, the primary concern is whether this five-year national policy is robust. This paper is focused on providing an updated and more in-depth review of the Indian air pollution situation and its related policies. A comparative study will depict the loopholes and initiatives that India must consider from the USA and China's policies.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Critique Karun Sanjaya, Himanshi Bhatia Corporate Social Responsibility Approaches to Ethical AI in Business, 2024 This chapter explores the link between corporate social responsibility and artificial intelligence in the contemporary business setting. With the increased utilization of AI technologies in the daily operation of corporations, understanding the ethical facets and impact on society becomes essential. Specifically, the chapter examines the level of responsibility of corporations in adopting AI, including the areas of transparency, accountability, bias, privacy, and the societal impact of their systems. The analysis of real-life examples and assessment of the current CSR guidelines will provide practical recommendations for how businesses can be more actively involved in the development and implementation of socially responsible AI. The ultimate goal is to ensure that the advancement of technology is in tandem with the development of responsible behaviour.
Human rights of incarcerated women in India: Empty rhetoric or evolutionary progress? Himanshi Bhatia, Karun Sanjaya Gender Environment and Human Rights an Intersectional Exploration, 2024 The plight of female prisoners is not unknown globally; the UN Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders, popularly known as “Bangkok Rules”, is the primary international instrument dedicated to incarcerated women. The Indian National Prison Manual, 2016 is based upon the principles of these rules along with another UN-led “Nelson Mandela Rules”. However, the Ministry of Women & Children Development led an exclusive study in 2018 titled “Women in Prisons” that recorded the major issues & human rights violations of such women behind bars due to various reasons like inadequate female staff, accommodation, medical access along with basic right of healthy food. This paper hypothesized that according to the historical & current scenario, prisons in the country specifically still do not cater to the necessities for the subsistence of the incarcerated women. The study intends to analyze major concerns like obligations of the Indian Prison Administration vis-à-vis the progress made till now, specifically concerning Female Prisoners.
Casual or casualty? Victimless crime's socio-economic impact in Indian context Himanshi Bhatia, Prateek Sikchi Economic and Societal Impact of Organized Crime Policy and Law Enforcement Interventions, 2024 The ultimate goal of society is to maintain social order. This can be attained by restricting the menace of crime. Within crime, there is a category of 'victimless crime' – which may sound oxymoronic. The victimless crimes cover those crimes where victims are not identifiable, or the illegal activity that occurs with the parties' consent. For decades there has been debate on whether victimless activity should be criminalized or not. The argument by the modernized world is in favor of decriminalization due to the lack of harm to others and freedom of the individual. This chapter hypothesizes that 'victimless crimes have victims – society as a whole, hence the term victimless is a façade. The chapter will attempt to establish the correlation between Mill's Harm Principle viz-a-viz modern victimless crimes. Thereafter, the chapter will discuss the various victimless crimes prevalent in India & their impact on the subcontinent. Lastly, the chapter will summarize the arguments with concluding remarks on the criminological aspect of victimless crimes.
U-Architecture for Face Recognition to Prevent Cyber and Spoofing Attacks in IoT Vaibhav Sharma, Sachin Sharma, Vandana Batra, Anu Singh, Himanshi Bhatia, Sharyu Ikhar 2023 International Conference on Data Science and Network Security Icdsns 2023, 2023 Preventing cyber assaults is crucial in the setting of a smart city, which is more vulnerable to such threats. Spoofing is a kind of cyber assault that is becoming more widespread across various platforms, including but not limited to email, geo location services, and social media. When someone commits a series of crimes under the guise of another person-for example, fraud, cyberbullying, sextortion, etc.-they are engaging in identity spoofing. A facial recognition system is presented here, with potential use in stopping spoofing. The HOG descriptor, developed by Google, is the basis of this approach. The introduction of entropy would allow us to quantify the significance of each face area in the descriptor, since various face regions do not contain the same information for the recognition process. Therefore, entropy is included to strengthen the algorithm's reliability. When it comes to facial recognition, we've tested our method on three popular databases (ORL, FERET, and LFW), and the results indicate that include entropy information greatly increases the identification rate-by as much as 40% in some of the databases we evaluated. On the CASIA FASD and MIFS databases, spoofing experiments have been conducted, with again improved results compared to comparable texture descriptors techniques. Half Error Rate (HER) is considered as major performance metric and the proposed work minimizes the error up to 1.14.
