Exploring the potential of explainable artificial intelligence for medical diagnosis: A review of current approaches and future directions Security and Privacy in Iomt Challenges and Solutions, 2025
Data Augmentation: Synthetic Image Generation for Medical Images Using Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoders Chaitanya Singla, Rajat Bhardwaj, Nilesh Shelke, Gurpreet Singh Icdt 2025 3rd International Conference on Disruptive Technologies, 2025 Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized medical imaging, significantly improving diagnostic accuracy via the evaluation of X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans. However, the effectiveness of AI models is hindered due to high costs, privacy concerns, and challenges in acquiring large annotated datasets. Artificial data generation techniques, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), and hybrid models like Disc-VAE, have gained prominence in dealing with these barriers. These techniques aim to augment datasets while preserving the complicated capabilities inherent to medical images. This paper compares the efficacy of Vector Quantized VAE with GAN and Disc-VAE using metrics Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR). The Vector Quantized VAE outperforms GAN and Disc-VAE in terms of SSIM and PSNR metrics. The findings spotlight the transformative capability of synthetic information augmentation for the medical system by enabling early and accurate disease diagnosis. These improved SSIM and PSNR metrics suggest that the generated images preserve essential diagnostic details, thereby enhancing the potential for early and accurate clinical diagnosis. It guarantees advanced performance and robustness of AI models, facilitating timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.
Video Forensic Approach for Detecting Frame Insertion/Deletion Forgery Gurvinder Singh, Raj Gaurang Tiwari, Ambuj Kumar Agarwal, Nilesh Shelke, Rajat Bhardwaj 2025 6th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics Icdici 2025, 2025 In everyday situations, digital recordings are captured for several purposes, such as safety, the preservation of life events, and the provision of precise evidence. As multimedia technology has advanced, digital videos are being shared on social media sites. Software is used to change the information displayed in digital videos using a variety of editing tools. The confidentiality of information contained in digital videos is therefore increasingly important. This paper provides a proposed approach for detecting the forged frame insertion and authentic frame deletion within the digital videos. This approach has identified the error between the consecutive frames of the digital videos. It provides the variation in the pixel intensities of each frame. In this approach, while authentic frames are differentiated from forged frames then these identified forged frames are used to detect the frame insertion forgery and frame deletion forgery within the forged frame sequence. Besides, evaluation parameters indicate the better detection accuracy of the proposed approach with minimum computation time.
Non-Invasive Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning Sukhdev Singh, Chaitanya Singla, Harpal Singh, Nilesh Shelke, Rajat Bhardwaj 2025 International Conference on Intelligent and Secure Engineering Solutions Cises 2025, 2025 Melanoma, a highly aggressive form of skin cancer, benefits greatly from early detection to improve survival rates. Traditional diagnostic methods, reliant on visual inspection by dermatologists, are often time-consuming and prone to errors. This study introduces a novel hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model incorporating a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and cyclical learning rates (CLR) to classify skin lesion images as malignant (melanoma) or benign. The CBAM enhances feature extraction by focusing on critical lesion characteristics, while CLR optimizes training to achieve a classification accuracy of 96.5%. The model employs multiple layers to improve feature extraction, mitigate overfitting, and enhance performance. Preprocessing involved image normal- ization and hair removal, with data augmentation applied to increase dataset diversity. Trained on 10,000 images from the Melanoma Skin Cancer Dataset, the model offers a robust, non-invasive tool for early melanoma detection, outperforming standard CNN approaches and supporting dermatologists in streamlining diagnostics for improved patient outcomes.
Performance Evaluation of PO, SO and SHO Algorithms for Epileptic Seizer Detection Sumant Kumar Mohapatra, Puspanjali Mallik, K.P. Swain, Rajat Bhardwaj, Gaurav Mehta, Rajit Verma 2025 International Conference on Ambient Intelligence in Health Care Icaihc 2025, 2025 Diseases originated due to the disorder in the neurons present in the brain part of the body is called epilepsy and the symptom observed in other parts of the body is called a seizure. Not only it is a typical disease in human beings but animals are also suffered from this disease. To live an epilepsy-free life, neurologists and researchers contribute their best effort to devise new techniques and presently metaheuristic optimization algorithms and machine learning algorithms are integrated into this field to design powerful EEG devices for accurately detecting the presence of EEG signals. This research paper presents the comparison of three metaheuristic optimization algorithms used in designing EEG detection. In addition, these three algorithms are integrated with Extreme Learning Adoptive Neuro-Fuzzy-Inference System (ELANFIS) as the classifier and Wavelet Packet Transform as the feature extraction technique. For continuing research work, this experiment uses the Bonn University EEG dataset. After a thorough analysis, it is observed that WPT-PO-ELANFIS is the best-performing technique among these three with average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve values as 98.42, 96.75, 97.97.97.65, and 0.989. This research work also can be tested with other popularly available datasets and integrated with real-time applications.
Developing Explainable Artificial Intelligence Models for Space Science Applications Ambuj Kumar Agarwal, Rajat Bhardwaj, Gyanendra Tiwary, Abeer A. Aljohani, Ruchi Kawatra, Abhijit Das Space Science and Technology United States, 2025 The integration of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in space science has ushered in a new era of transparency and reliability in AI-driven applications. This paper delves into the transformative role of XAI in enhancing various aspects of space missions, from satellite imagery analysis to planetary science and human–AI collaboration. The introduction highlights the imperative of explainability in AI, emphasizing the need for transparent and ethical decision-making in high-stakes space missions. In the background, this paper explores the evolution of AI in space science and the emergence of XAI as a critical field. The challenges posed by the complexity of space data and the stringent reliability and safety requirements are examined, underscoring the necessity of robust and interpretable AI systems. The paper discusses various XAI techniques, including model-agnostic approaches like LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations), intrinsic methods such as decision trees, and generalized additive models. Visualization tools for XAI, including feature importance plots and heatmaps, are also discussed, demonstrating their role in making AI decisions more interpretable and actionable. Three case studies illustrate the practical applications of XAI in space science: monitoring deforestation in Earth observation, facilitating discoveries in planetary science, and enhancing human–AI collaboration in space missions. These examples showcase how XAI improves transparency and reliability and enables more effective decision-making. Finally, the paper looks toward the future, discussing emerging technologies in XAI and their potential to revolutionize space science. Integrating XAI, human–AI collaboration, NLP advancements, and quantum computing is a key trend in space exploration.
A Review of Security Features in Prominent Cloud Service Providers Abhishek Mishra, Abhishek Sharma, Rajat Bhardwaj, Romil Rawat, T.M. Thiyagu, Hitesh Rawat Natural Language Processing for Software Engineering, 2025 Today, cloud storage has become an important part of the computing model because it provides resources that are cost-effective, flexible, and less likely to fail. On the other hand, safeguarding issues in the broader adoption industry face serious challenges. The diversity of the cloud and the multitude of places where data is stored further exacerbate these problems. The main points discussed about protection are; availability, recognition, integrity, authenticity and confidentiality. Encouraging more customers to move to the cloud will allow service providers to deliver secure data. Electronic forensic software, encryption methods and intrusion detection mechanisms are some of the guarantees of a reliable service in recovering and collecting evidence of intrusion activities. This article outlines some of the issues, pitfalls, and solutions associated with cloud platforms. It also includes the use of major cloud service providers for data storage and protection.
Cloud Cryptography: Mechanism of Different Encryption Standards Ravikumar Lanke, A. M. J. Md Zubair Rahman, Rajat Bhardwaj, D Somashekhara Reddy, Parth Jain, T R Mahesh Proceedings of the 18th Indiacom 2024 11th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development Indiacom 2024, 2024
Accurate and Automated Deep Learning Solution for Skin Cancer Detection International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 2023
Human Posture Recognition by Distribution-Aware Coordinate Representation and Machine Learning International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 2023
Deep Learning Model based Novel Semantic Analysis Rajat, Priyanka Jaroli, Chaitanya Singla, Vivek Bhardwaj, Srikanta K Mohapatra 2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering Icacite 2022, 2022
Performance comparison of DSR and DSSR protocols with and without false data injection attack based on two fish algorithm using manet International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
A novel DSSR protocol with DYDOG mechanism integrated with two-fish algorithm in MANET Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 2019
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Automated Code Review Systems Using CodeBERT with Multi-Anchor Space-Aware Temporal Convolutional Neural Network D Prabakar, R Bhardwaj, CS Sandeep, M Tiwari, G Manikandan Journal of Computer Languages, 101396 , 2026 2026
AI-Driven Green HRM Practices and Environmental Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis N Gupta, AK Agarwal, R Bhardwaj, N Shelke, K Preet International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Information … , 2026 2026
Exploring the Potential of Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Medical Diagnosis: A Review of Current Approaches and Future Directions RG Tiwari, AA Aljohani, R Bhardwaj, V Jain Security and Privacy in IoMT, 209-227 , 2025 2025
Non-Invasive Melanoma Skin Cancer Detection Using Deep Learning S Singh, C Singla, H Singh, N Shelke, R Bhardwaj 2025 International Conference on Intelligent and Secure Engineering … , 2025 2025
Developing explainable artificial intelligence models for space science applications AK Agarwal, R Bhardwaj, G Tiwary, AA Aljohani, R Kawatra, A Das Space: Science & Technology 5, 0255 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Video Forensic Approach for Detecting Frame Insertion/Deletion Forgery G Singh, RG Tiwari, AK Agarwal, N Shelke, R Bhardwaj 2025 6th International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive … , 2025 2025
Balancer in Storage Level Service Offering Applications MM Vianny, R Bhardwaj, V Bhardwaj, V Sharma Recent Developments in Control, Automation and Power Engineering: Select … , 2025 2025
Data Augmentation: Synthetic Image Generation for Medical Images Using Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoders C Singla, R Bhardwaj, N Shelke, G Singh 2025 3rd International Conference on Disruptive Technologies (ICDT), 1502-1507 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Implementation of double stage energy detection (DSEd) spectrum sensing algorithms for advanced waveforms A Kumar, A Nanthaamornphong, R Bhardwaj Data Science & Exploration in Artificial Intelligence, 389-395 , 2025 2025
Predicting analysis of heart attack risk using machine learning algorithms and deep neural networks A Gautam, C Bakliwal, R Ajmera, DK Dharamdasani, R Bhardwaj Data Science & Exploration in Artificial Intelligence, 396-406 , 2025 2025
Analysis of peak to average power ratio in OTFS waveform using hybrid PTS and clipping algorithm A Kumar, A Nanthaamornphong, R Bhardwaj, A Das Data Science & Exploration in Artificial Intelligence, 381-388 , 2025 2025
A Review of Security Features in Prominent Cloud Service Providers A Mishra, A Sharma, R Bhardwaj, R Rawat, TM Thiyagu, H Rawat Natural Language Processing for Software Engineering, 323-333 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Performance Evaluation of PO, SO and SHO Algorithms for Epileptic Seizer Detection SK Mohapatra, P Mallik, KP Swain, R Bhardwaj, G Mehta, R Verma 2025 International Conference on Ambient Intelligence in Health Care (ICAIHC … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Effectiveness of TLBO, SCA and WaOA for Epileptic Seizer Detection SK Mohapatra, P Mallik, KP Swain, AK Agarwal, R Bhardwaj, R Verma 2024 Eighth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid … , 2024 2024
A comprehensive framework for emergency message dissemination in urban vanet scenarios: A comparative analysis of clustering-based routing protocols R Kaur, C Singla, H Singh, R Bhardwaj, P Sharma, A Aggarwal, ... IEEE Access 12, 174284-174296 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
OSN Traits and Vulnerability for Measurement and Analysis R Bhardwaj, V Bhardwaj, R Rawat, H Rawat, P Muzumdar, K Borana Online Social Networks in Business Frameworks, 611-623 , 2024 2024 Citations: 63
Mental health issues assessment using tools during COVID-19 pandemic H Rao, M Gupta, P Agarwal, S Bhatia, R Bhardwaj Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering 20 (3), 393-404 , 2024 2024 Citations: 16
A novel approach on healthcare data using the KNN algorithm R Bhardwaj, P Jaroli, R Kawatra, N Kumar, RK Kaushal AIP Conference Proceedings 2816 (1), 080007 , 2024 2024
An artificial intelligence-based decision support system for early and accurate diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease TR Mahesh, R Bhardwaj, SB Khan, NA Alkhaldi, N Victor, A Verma Decision Analytics Journal 10, 100381 , 2024 2024 Citations: 29
Cloud Cryptography: Mechanism of Different Encryption Standards R Lanke, AMJMZ Rahman, R Bhardwaj, DS Reddy, P Jain, TR Mahesh 2024 11th International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global … , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Using mobile computing to provide a smart and secure Internet of Things (IoT) framework for medical applications RK Kaushal, R Bhardwaj, N Kumar, AA Aljohani, SK Gupta, P Singh, ... Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (1), 8741357 , 2022 2022 Citations: 70
OSN Traits and Vulnerability for Measurement and Analysis R Bhardwaj, V Bhardwaj, R Rawat, H Rawat, P Muzumdar, K Borana Online Social Networks in Business Frameworks, 611-623 , 2024 2024 Citations: 63
HCoF: hybrid collaborative filtering using social and semantic suggestions for friend recommendation MT Ramakrishna, VK Venkatesan, R Bhardwaj, S Bhatia, MKI Rahmani, ... Electronics 12 (6), 1365 , 2023 2023 Citations: 59
Optimizing the Capacity of Extreme Learning Machines for Biomedical Informatics Applications J Logeshwaran, R Bhardwaj, S Salagrama, A Das 2023 International Conference on Emerging Research in Computational Science … , 2023 2023 Citations: 42
Digital image processing and IoT in smart health care-A review I Kansal, R Popli, J Verma, V Bhardwaj, R Bhardwaj 2022 international conference on emerging smart computing and informatics … , 2022 2022 Citations: 32
Evaluating Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition Using 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging S Salagrama, R Bhardwaj, J Logeshwaran, RP Shukla 2023 International Conference on Emerging Research in Computational Science … , 2023 2023 Citations: 31
An artificial intelligence-based decision support system for early and accurate diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease TR Mahesh, R Bhardwaj, SB Khan, NA Alkhaldi, N Victor, A Verma Decision Analytics Journal 10, 100381 , 2024 2024 Citations: 29
An efficient Apriori algorithm for frequent pattern in human intoxication data MM Hassan, S Zaman, S Mollick, MM Hassan, M Raihan, C Kaushal, ... Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering 19 (1), 61-69 , 2023 2023 Citations: 24
Accurate and Automated Deep Learning Solution for Skin Cancer Detection RG Tiwari, S Kumar, GV Londhe, AK Agarwal, R Bhardwaj International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering … , 2023 2023 Citations: 23
Deep learning model based novel semantic analysis P Jaroli, C Singla, V Bhardwaj, SK Mohapatra 2022 2nd international conference on advance computing and innovative … , 2022 2022 Citations: 20
Mental health issues assessment using tools during COVID-19 pandemic H Rao, M Gupta, P Agarwal, S Bhatia, R Bhardwaj Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering 20 (3), 393-404 , 2024 2024 Citations: 16
IoT Based Multi-Layered Security Network Authentication System Development Using Blockchain Technology Management S Gupta, MK Sharma, R Singh, HA Almashaqbeh, D Gangodkar 2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative … , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
Holes in wireless sensor networks R Bhardwaj, H Sharma International Journal of Computer Science and Informatics 2 (4), 62-63 , 2012 2012 Citations: 9
An enhanced active reinforcement learning for autonomous robotics in industrial automation VA Rajan, T Marimuthu, R Bhardwaj, RP Shukla 2023 IEEE 2nd international conference on industrial electronics … , 2023 2023 Citations: 8
IoT Engineering Nanomaterial's Approach To Sustainable Advance Crop Production Management R Shashikala, BP Singh, M Azam, CR Magesh, DP Singh 2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative … , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
A sentiment analysis of amazon review data using machine learning model R Rajat, P Jaroli, N Kumar, RK Kaushal 2021 6th International Conference on Innovative Technology in Intelligent … , 2021 2021 Citations: 8
Developing explainable artificial intelligence models for space science applications AK Agarwal, R Bhardwaj, G Tiwary, AA Aljohani, R Kawatra, A Das Space: Science & Technology 5, 0255 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
A comprehensive framework for emergency message dissemination in urban vanet scenarios: A comparative analysis of clustering-based routing protocols R Kaur, C Singla, H Singh, R Bhardwaj, P Sharma, A Aggarwal, ... IEEE Access 12, 174284-174296 , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
13 Virtual reality in tourism: assessing the authenticity, advantages, and disadvantages of VR tourism RG Tiwari, AA Aljohani, R Bhardwaj, AK Agarwal Augmented and Virtual Reality in Social Learning, De Gruyter, 215-240 , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
The intelligent information integrity model to ensure the database protection using blockchain in cloud networking RP KN 2023 International Conference on Distributed Computing and Electrical … , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
RESEARCH OUTPUTS (PATENTS, SOFTWARE, PUBLICATIONS, PRODUCTS)
Patent Published “MOTOR-DRIVEN WHEELCHAIR USING GPS NAVIGATION” Application Number:202211030929
Patent Filled on “Multipurpose Bed Cum Floor Table” Application Number:362228-001
Patent Published in Journal no. 11/2023 “Multipurpose Bicycle For Women With Baby Carrier” Application Number:362225-001
Patent Published in Journal no. 01/2024 “FOLDABLE TABLE” Application Number:362754-001
Patent Published in Journal no. 12/2023 “White Board Liquid Cleaner Duster” Application Number:358131-001
Patent Published in Journal no. 02/2023 “Multipurpose Mope” Application Number:354084-001
Patent Published in Journal no. 04/2022 “3d Split Keyboard for PC” Application Number:354370-001
Patent Filled on “Multipurpose Lift For The Staircase” Application Number:354765-001
Patent Published in Journal no. 13/2023 “Removable Multipurpose Knief Cum Scissor With Tool Kit” Application Number:356247-001
