Tadeusz Kubaszek

Scopus Publications

The Influence of Plasma Spraying Process Parameters on Microstructure and Selected Properties of Novel NiCrAl-Cr3C2 Composite Coating
Tadeusz Kubaszek, Barbara Kościelniak, Marek Góral, Weronika Głód
Solid State Phenomena, 2026
The paper presents a new concept of a thermally sprayed composite coating obtained by mixing NiCrAl powder with chromium carbide Cr₃C₂ in an amount of approximately 30 wt.%. The aim of the research was to obtain a material combining the advantages of a metallic matrix and a ceramic phase, with increased resistance to wear and erosion. The plasma spraying (APS) process was carried out on a carbon steel substrate with variable technological parameters: arc current intensity (300/500/700 A) and hydrogen flow (4/8/12 NLPM), while maintaining the other conditions constant.The thickness, porosity, microstructure, chemical composition (using the EDS method), hardness, erosion resistance, and tribological wear of the coatings were evaluated. The results showed that the greatest thickness (approx. 150 µm) and lowest porosity (below 3 vol. %) were obtained at the maximum process parameters – 700 A and 12 NLPM. In turn, the thinnest and most irregular coating (approx. 70 µm) was obtained at the lowest hydrogen flow (4 NLPM), which was due to insufficient melting of the powder particles.Increasing the current intensity and hydrogen flow had a beneficial effect on all analyzed coating properties – especially hardness (up to 273.7 HV0.2), erosion resistance (the smallest mass loss of 0.007 g), and tribological wear resistance (the smallest volume loss of 2.925 mm³). A decrease in any of the parameters resulted in a deterioration of the layer properties. The optimal mechanical and structural properties of the NiCrAl + Cr₃C₂ composite coating were achieved at the maximum plasma spraying parameters: a power current of 700 A and a hydrogen flow rate of 12 NLPM.
Examination of Conductive WC-Ni and Thermal Barrier Coatings Using an Eddy Current Probe
Grzegorz Tytko, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marek Góral, Bo Feng, Yating Yu
Applied Sciences Switzerland, 2025
In many industrial applications, engine, turbine, and rotor components are coated with thin layers that protect them from corrosion, high temperatures, or pressure. This paper presents a fast and effective method for testing such protective coatings. For this purpose, an eddy current probe consisting of a single coil was designed and constructed. The high sensitivity of the probe was achieved by using a pot core, which significantly reduced magnetic flux losses. In addition to the substrate, the test samples also contained carbide coatings or thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), which were sprayed with an Axial III triple-plasma torch or a single-electrode torch. The use of different process parameters made it possible to obtain coatings of varying thickness, which were determined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Measurements of the probe impedance components were performed in the frequency range from 500 Hz to 50 kHz. In all cases, based on the analysis of changes in resistance and reactance, it was possible to distinguish each of the tested samples. Even slight changes in thickness of only 9 μm caused significant changes in probe impedance, enabling effective testing of carbide coatings and TBCs.
Effect of Ti Doping of Al0.7CoCrFeNi-Based High Entropy Alloys on Their Erosion Resistance by Solid Particles
Wojciech J. Nowak, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Andrzej Gradzik, Małgorzata Grądzka-Dahlke, Dariusz Perkowski, Marzena Tokarewicz, Mariusz Walczak, Mirosław Szala
Materials, 2025
The erosion resistance of materials against solid particles is a very important property, especially in the transportation of powders or in aeronautics (dust inside jet engines). There is a strong need to introduce new materials that have higher solid particle erosion resistance than state-of-the-art materials. Thus, in the present work, the solid erosion particles of high entropy alloys (HEAs) based on the Al0.7CoCrFeNi matrix were studied compared to the state-of-the-art stainless steel AISI 304. Furthermore, the effect of the addition of Ti to HEAs on hardness and erosion resistance was investigated. Current research included the development of the chemical composition of a new kind of HEA designed on the basis of thermodynamical calculations performed in CALPHAD, its manufacturing, full characterization involving microstructural and phase analyses, hardness measurements, solid particle erosion tests, and finally, the elucidation of erosion mechanisms. It was found that HEAs showed higher hardness as well as erosion resistance than AISI 304. Moreover, it was found that the increase in Ti content in an HEA resulted in an increase in the hardness and resistance to the erosion of the studied HEA. As the main reason for this phenomenon, the stabilization of the β-BCC phase, suppression of the α-FCC phase, and the appearance of the Ni3Ti phase in the studied HEA were claimed.
Thermal Conductivity of Sustainable Earthen Materials Stabilized by Natural and Bio-Based Polymers: An Experimental and Statistical Analysis
Rizwan Shoukat, Marta Cappai, Giorgio Pia, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Roberto Ricciu, Łukasz Kolek, Luca Pilia
Energies, 2025
The natural and sustainable ability of earthen building materials makes them highly valuable. Bio-stabilization involves using biological materials or processes in earthen construction to enhance the performance and characteristics of earthen materials. The main objective of bio-stabilization is to substitute high-energy-intensive building materials with more green, thermally efficient substitutions, ultimately reducing indirect emissions. The large-scale use of earth presents a viable alternative due to its extensive availability and, more importantly, its low embodied energy. The aim of this work is to investigate the thermal conductivity of earth stabilized with Opuntia Ficus-Indica (OFI), a natural biopolymer, and to assess how these properties vary based on mix design. A comparative analysis is performed to evaluate the thermal performance of bio-based polymer-stabilized earthen materials (S-30, S-40, D-30, and D-40) alongside natural biopolymer-stabilized earth (OFI-30 and OFI-40) under dry conditions, employing an experimental method. A scanning electron microscope was employed to examine the microstructure of bio-stabilized earthen materials from the samples. Statistical analysis was conducted on the collected data using ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05. The Tukey test was applied to identify specific mean pairings that demonstrate significant differences in the characteristics of the mixtures at each replacement level, maintaining a confidence interval of 95%. The experimental and statistical findings reveal that the OFI-30, D-40, and S-40 mixtures exhibit strong bonding with earthen materials and high thermal performance compared to all other mix designs in environmental samples. Additionally, these mix designs show further improvement in thermal performance in the dry conditions.
TBC SYSTEMS FOR HIGH MELTING POINT METALS AND ALLOYS
Grzegorz MOSKAL, Agata DUDEK, Marta MIKUŚKIEWICZ, Tadeusz KUBASZEK, Mirosław TUPAJ, Ernest SZAJNA, Igor MOSKAL
Metal International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials Conference Proceedings, 2025
The article presents research findings on the microstructural studies of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) deposited on molybdenum, featuring a bond coat made of molybdenum silicide.Ceramic coatings within the TBC system were produced through plasma spraying in air.Conventional 8YSZ and rare-earth zirconate powders (lanthanum and neodymium zirconates) were utilized to achieve this.The ceramic layer's thickness was measured to be approximately 250 m.The interlayer consisted of a MoSi2 diffusion coating, formed by the diffusion process during the siliconizing of the molybdenum substrate.Ideally, the thickness of this zone should be around 100 m.The research scope included a visual characterization of the TBC system to assess its overall integrity.In the second phase of the research, topographic parameters of the surface were evaluated, mainly focusing on the roughness of individual elements within the system.The subsequent assessment highlighted the phase composition of these individual system elements.During the cross-sectional tests, the ceramic layer was evaluated in terms of the architecture of cracks and pores.Quantitative and qualitative assessments were conducted, categorizing the pores as spherical, horizontal, and vertical.The final aspect of the cross-section evaluation was the bond quality between the ceramic layer and the silicide bond coat.
THE INFLUENCE OF PLASMA SPRAYING PARAMETERS ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF STELLITE 31-Cr3C2 COMPOSITE COATING
Tadeusz Kubaszek, Barbara Kościelniak, Marek Góral, Kacper Hładun, Kamila Świerk
Composites Theory and Practice, 2024
The influence of MCrAlY coating application and its thickness on the heat transfer during water spray cooling
Elżbieta Jasiewicz, Beata Hadała, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Barbara Kościelniak, Agnieszka Cebo-Rudnicka, Kamil Dychtoń, Paweł Pędrak
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2024
The main purpose of the paper was to determine the influence of NiCoCrAlY coating application and its thickness on the heat transfer during water spray cooling under surface boiling conditions. The scope of the research included: sensor preparation, measurements of the sensor temperature during cooling, and numerical calculations to determine the intensity of sensor cooling. The intensity of heat removal was determined by the average values of the heat flux on the cooled surfaces. The inverse method for the heat conduction equation was used to determine the heat transfer boundary conditions. Temperature measurements during cooling were carried out for an initial sensor temperature of 500°C, 700°C and 900°C and a liquid pressure 0.1 MPa, 0.2 MPa. Due to this, it was possible to select a coating thickness that contributed to the greatest extent to the increase in the intensity of heat dissipation from the hot surface. The highest values of the heat flux were obtained during the cooling of the sensor with a 134.5 μm coating.
The Influence of Plasma Spraying Parameters on Microstructure and Porosity of Bronze-Polyester Coatings for Plain Bearings Applications
Marek Góral, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Barbara Kościelniak, Dorota Stawarz
Solid State Phenomena, 2024
The plasma sprayed bronze coatings are widely used for repairing of plain bearing used in different applications. This type of coating was not deeply analyzed in state-of-art publications. In presented article we fill this gap in the case of plasma spraying process. The influence of power current (300/500/700A) and hydrogen flow (0/4/8 NLPM) on microstructure and thickness of aluminium bronze-polyester coating was investigated. The Thermico A60 plasma torch was used for thermal spray process of coating on flat carbon steel samples (grade S355). The Metco 604NS was sprayed with 20g/min powder feed rate. The obtained results showed the presence of local large pores formed by burning of polyester in plasma plume. This gap makes role of oil pockets in bearings. The obtained coatings were characterized by large deviation in thickness in range 200-350 micrometers. It might be concluded that in requires additional milling process after deposition.
The Manufacturing of Environmental Barrier Coatings by HV-APS Plasma Spraying Using Er2O3 and SiO2 Powder Mixture
Paweł Pędrak, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Barbara Kościelniak, Marek Góral, Mateusz Micał
Manufacturing Technology, 2024
Over the last decades, nickel-based superalloys with TBC coatings have been used as the main material for hot section turbine parts. The next step in the development of engines and increasing the combustion temperature is the use of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC). Nevertheless, in the presence of water vapour or molten salts, accelerated degradation of substrate material. This problems can be pre-vented by additional layers or coatings produced on its surface, or combinations of layers and coatings that form Environmental Barrier Coatings (EBCs). The aim of the research was the preparation of sam-ples of a mixture of erbium oxide powders with silicon oxide with the addition of: polyvinyl alcohol, starch and cellulose gum. Then their technological properties were examined. A mixture with the most favourable properties was selected and sprayed using HV-APS method using with various process parameters and investigated. Conducted research showed that energy of HV-APS process is too low for synthesis of erbium disilicate in the resulting coating. The material was only melted, not vaporized. Making powder agglomerates with an average size of 150 μm with the addition of 3% PVA leads to a significant decrease in the surface area of powder grains. This results in a significant increase in flowability and allows it to be used as a charge material for APS plasma spraying.
The influence of plasma spraying parameters on microstructure and hardness of aluminium-bronze-polyester-YSZ composite coatings for plain bearings applications
MAREK GÓRAL
Ochrona Przed Korozja, 2024
Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.
The Structure of Boride Diffusion Coatings Produced on Selected Grades of Structural Steels
Marek Góral, Barbara Kościelniak, Kamil Ochał, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Jakub Jopek, Marcin Drajewicz
Solid State Phenomena, 2024
The Influence of Industrial-Scale Pack-Boroding Process Time on Thickness and Phase Composition of Selected Cold-Work Tool Steels
Jakub Jopek, Marek Góral, Barbara Koscielniak, Kamil Ochal, Marcin Drajewicz, Magdalena Mokrzycka, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Kamil Dychton, Kamil Gancarczyk, Andrzej Gradzik, Pawel Kwasniewski, Wojciech Gluchowski
Manufacturing Technology, 2023
The influence of HV-APS process parameters on microstructure and erosion resistance of metalloceramic WC-CrC-Ni coatings
Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marek Góral, Anita Słyś, Dawid Szczęch, Kamil Gancarczyk, Marcin Drajewicz
Ceramics International, 2023
The Concept of WC-CrC-Ni Plasma-Sprayed Coating with the Addition of YSZ Nanopowder for Cylinder Liner Applications
Marek Goral, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Wieslaw A. Grabon, Karol Grochalski, Marcin Drajewicz
Materials, 2023
Effect of plasma spraying parameters on microstructure and thickness and porosity of WC-CrC-Ni coatings deposited on titanium
Krzysztof Szymkiewicz, Marek Góral, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Kamil Gancarczyk
Kovove Materialy, 2023
The erosion resistance of Cr/CrN multilayer coating deposited using industrial Arc-PVD process for compressor blades application
MAREK GÓRAL
Ochrona Przed Korozja, 2023
Influence of air plasma spraying process parameters on the thermal barrier coating deposited with micro- and nanopowders
Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marek Góral, Paweł Pędrak
Materials Science Poland, 2022
The Diffusion Coatings for Industrial Tool Application
Marcin Drajewicz, Adrianna Przybylo, Jakub Jopek, Marek Góral, Barbara Koscielniak, Kamil Ochal, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Artur Gurak, Kamil Dychton, Mateusz Wozniak, Pawel Kwasniewski, Artur Kawecki, Wojciech Gluchowski, Marek Lagoda
Manufacturing Technology, 2022
The formation of Si-aluminide coating formed by plasma spraying and subsequent diffusion annealing on Ti-Al-7Nb intermetallic alloy
M. Góral, P.C. Monteiro, P. Sosnowy, M. Woźniak, T. Kubaszek, B. Kościelniak
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 2022
The microstructure and thermal properties of Yb2SiO5 coating deposited using APS and PS-PVD methods
P. Rokicki, M. Góral, T. Kubaszek, K. Dychton, M. Drajewicz, M. Wierzbińska, K. Ochal
Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 2022
The Influence of Reactive PS-PVD Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Thermal Properties of Yb2 Zr2 O7 Thermal Barrier Coating
Paweł Pędrak, Marek Góral, Kamil Dychton, Marcin Drajewicz, Malgorzata Wierzbinska, Tadeusz Kubaszek
Materials, 2022
Thermal Spraying of MCrAlY Overlay Coating Using New Ethanol-Fueled HVOF Gun
Marek Góral, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Barbara Kościelniak
Solid State Phenomena, 2022
STRUCTURE AND THICKNESS OF Y2 O3 COATINGS DEPOSITED BY PLASMA SPRAY PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION (PS-PVD) METHOD ON GRAPHITE
Metalurgija, 2022
The influence of selected plasma spraying parameters on microstructure and porosity of molybdenum coating
Tadeusz Kubaszek
Ochrona Przed Korozja, 2022
The Formation of Two-Layer YSZ Ceramic Coatings Produced in Single Step PS-PVD Process
Marek Góral, Paweł Pędrak, Wojciech Cmela, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marcin Drajewicz
Solid State Phenomena, 2022
Characterization of ysz coatings deposited on cp-ti using the ps-pvd method for medical applications
Grzegorz Dercz, Jagoda Barczyk, Izabela Matuła, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marek Góral, Joanna Maszybrocka, Dariusz Bochenek, Sebastian Stach, Magdalena Szklarska, Damian Ryszawy, Maciej Pudełek
Coatings, 2021
Microstructure of aluminide coatings modified by Pt, Pd, Zr and Hf formed in low-activity CVD process
Marek Goral, Maciej Pytel, Kamil Ochal, Marcin Drajewicz, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Wojciech Simka, Lukasz Nieuzyla
Coatings, 2021
Thermal barrier coatings for molybdenum produced using nanopowders
Marek Góral, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marcin Drajewicz, Przemyslaw Borowski
Materials Science Forum, 2021
Deposition of ysz layer by ps-pvd on different materials
Marek Góral, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marek Poręba, Małgorzata Wierzbińska
Solid State Phenomena, 2021
Thermal barrier coating deposited using the ps-pvd method on tial-nb-mo intermetallic alloy with different types of bond coats
Marek Góral, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marcin Kobylarz, Marcin Drajewicz, Maciej Pytel
Solid State Phenomena, 2021
The influence of process parameters on structure of YSZ coating deposited by plasma spraying on AISI 316L stainless steel surface by APS method and on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface by PS-PVD method
Maciej Pytel, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Paweł Pędrak, Marek Góral, Marcin Drajewicz
Materials Science Forum, 2021
Microstructure and oxidation resistance of thermal barrier coatings with different ceramic layer
Marek Góral, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Barbara Kościelniak, Marcin Drajewicz, Mateusz Gajewski
Solid State Phenomena, 2021
The isothermal oxidation of MCrAlY protective coatings
Marcin Drajewicz, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Barbara Kościelniak, Marek Góral, Dawid Dziadosz
Materials Science Forum, 2021
The formation of columnar ysz ceramic layer on graphite by ps-pvd method for metallurgical applications
Marek Poręba, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marek Góral, Barbara Kościelniak, Kamil Gancarczyk, Marcin Drajewicz
Solid State Phenomena, 2021
The new concept of thermal barrier coatings with Pt + Pd/Zr/Hf-modified aluminide bond coat and ceramic layer formed by PS-PVD method
Marek Góral, Maciej Pytel, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marcin Drajewicz, Wojciech Simka, Łukasz Nieużyła
High Temperature Materials and Processes, 2021
The duplex coating formation using plasma nitriding and crn pvd deposition on x39crmo17-1 stainless steel
Marcin Drajewicz, Marek Góral, Maciej Pytel, Barbara Kościelniak, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Patrycja Wierzba, Piotr Cichosz
Solid State Phenomena, 2021
The influence of process parameters on structure and phase composition of boride coatings obtained on x39crmo17-1 stainless steel
Marcin Drajewicz, Marek Góral, Barbara Kościelniak, Kamil Ochał, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Maciej Pytel, Patrycja Wierzba, Robert Wojtynek
Solid State Phenomena, 2021
TEM investigations of TGO formation during cyclic oxidation in two- and three-layered Thermal Barrier Coatings produced using LPPS, CVD and PS-PVD methods
Marek Góral, Radosław Swadźba, Tadeusz Kubaszek
Surface and Coatings Technology, 2020
Durability of underaluminized thermal barrier coatings during exposure at high temperature
Wojciech J. Nowak, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marek Góral, Bartek Wierzba
Surface and Coatings Technology, 2020
The TGO formation in overaluminized TBC obtained using plasma spray physical vapour deposition process during cyclic and isothermal oxidation
M. Góral, T. Kubaszek, R. Swadzba, M. Pytel
Kovove Materialy, 2020
The influence of deposition technique of aluminide coatings on oxidation resistance of different nickel superalloys
Marek Goral, Kamil Ochal, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marcin Drajewicz
Materials Today Proceedings, 2020
The influence of process parameters on structure of ceramic coatings deposited by PS-PVD method
Marek Goral, Tadeusz Kubaszek
Solid State Phenomena, 2017
Influence of air plasma spraying process parameters on ceramic layer in thermal barrier coatings
Tadeusz Kubaszek, Marek Góral
Solid State Phenomena, 2017
The influence of LPPS process parameters on porosity and microstructure of MCrAlY coatings
Tadeusz Kubaszek, Maciej Pytel, Marek Goral
Materials Science Forum, 2016
The influence of Ar/N2 plasma gases on microstructure of ceramic coatings produced by PS-PVD method
Paweł Pędrak, Marek Goral, Kamil Dychtoń, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Andrzej Nowotnik, Krzysztof Kubiak
Materials Science Forum, 2016
Influence of deposition parameters on structure of TBCS deposited by PS-PVD method
Marek Goral, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Sławomir Kotowski, Jan Sieniawski, Stanislaw Dudek
Solid State Phenomena, 2015
Microstructure of TBC coatings deposited by HVAF and PS-PVD methods
Krzysztof Szymański, Marek Goral, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Paulo Cyhlar Monteiro
Solid State Phenomena, 2015
Influence of low pressure plasma spraying parameters on MCrAlY bond coat and its microstructure
Marek Goral, Slawomir Kotowski, Kamil Dychtoń, Marcin Drajewicz, Tadeusz Kubaszek
Key Engineering Materials, 2014