Performance enhancement and emission reduction in Spark Ignition engines using Carbon Nanotubes and Zinc Oxide hybrid nanoparticles Krishna Kumar Pandey, Naseem Khayum, Jami Paparao, Nitesh Kumar Panday, Man Mohan, Anil Singh Yadav, Abhishek Sharma Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 2026 The influence of carbon nanotube (CNT) and zinc oxide (ZnO) additives on the emissions and performance characteristics of a spark ignition (SI) engine was investigated in the current experimental study. Gasoline fuel was doped with these nanomaterials at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm using ultrasonication. Experiments on the engine were conducted at various speeds under a constant load. The primary objective was to assess the combined effects of CNT and ZnO on engine performance and emissions. Performance metrics, including brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature, were evaluated. Emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) were also measured. The results indicated a notable increase in BTE of 9.5% when using the nano‐additive blend. Additionally, substantial reductions in HC and CO emissions were observed at higher engine speeds. Carbon dioxide emissions from blended fuels have increased compared to petroleum fuels. NO x emissions also decreased compared to the baseline gasoline‐fueled engine. These findings suggest that the addition of CNT and ZnO to gasoline fuel can enhance engine performance and reduce emissions.
Performance Evaluation of Plate Heat Exchanger Using CuO-DI Water Nanofluid Nitesh K. Panday, Shailendra N. Singh Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 2022 Experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out for performance evaluation of plate heat exchanger (PHE) using CuO-DI water nanofluid at different volume concentrations of (ϕ = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) for the Reynolds number, Re = 71–1350, Prandtl number, Pr = 3.18–13.7, and at fixed inlet temperatures of hot and cold fluids Thi = 60 °C and Tci = 20 °C, respectively. The two main influential thermo-physical properties of the nanofluid, namely, dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity obtained for various volume fractions at different temperatures, are further utilized for performance analysis of the PHEs. The thermo-hydraulic performance of PHE is evaluated based on the J.F. factor. According to experimental and simulated results, volume concentration, ϕ = 0.03 is found to be the optimum concentration of nanofluids. The individual correlations for Nusselt number, friction factor, dynamic viscosity, and thermal conductivity in terms of nanofluid volume fraction are proposed based on the experimental results.
Performance study of a cylindrical parabolic concentrating solar water heater with nail type twisted tape inserts in the copper absorber tube Amit Bhakta, Nitesh Panday, Shailendra Singh Energies, 2018 This paper reports the overall thermal performance of a cylindrical parabolic concentrating solar water heater (CPCSWH) with inserting nail type twisted tape (NTT) in the copper absorber tube for the nail twist pitch ratios, 4.787, 6.914 and 9.042, respectively. The experiments are conducted for a constant volumetric water flow rate and during the time period 9:00 a.m. to 15:00 p.m. The useful heat gain, hourly solar energy collected and hourly solar energy stored in this solar water heater were found to be higher for the nail twist pitch ratio 4.787. The above said parameters were found to be at a peak at noon and observed to follow the path of variation of solar intensity. At the start of the experiment, the value of charging efficiency was observed to be maximum, whereas the maximum values of instantaneous efficiency and overall thermal efficiency were observed at noon. The key finding is that the nail twist pitch ratio enhances the overall thermal performance of the CPCSWH.
