Wearable and Implantable Sensor for Human Health Monitoring & Electromagnetic Metasurface for Radar Cross Section Reduction
32
Scopus Publications
545
Scholar Citations
11
Scholar h-index
13
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
A 1-Bit Holey Substrate-Integrated Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for Enhanced Signal Coverage Sunanda Mukhopadhyay, Abhishek Sarkhel, Debojyoti Chattapadhyay, Soumendu Ghosh, Satyendra Singh Yadav IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2026 This letter proposes a low-insertion-loss, 1-bit re-configurable intelligent surface (RIS) with a high relative band-width to enhance signal coverage in indoor environments. The RIS meta-atom, with an aperture of 0.22λ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub>, accomplishes phase tailoring by embedding a varactor diode between two triangular patches printed on top of a dielectric substrate and a holey sub-strate, which serves as an intermediate layer, backed by a metal-lic patch as a reflector. The presence of the holey substrate ena-bles a maximum tunable phase shift of 231° with a relative bandwidth of 21.10% over a frequency span of 3.01-3.72 GHz. Furthermore, a characteristic mode-based approach has been employed for the realization of high relative bandwidth over a frequency range, which makes this work unique. Thereaf-ter, an array of 16×16 meta-atoms with a specific phase gradi-ent map has been placed in a realistic wireless indoor environ-ment to authenticate the signal coverage enhancement. Finally, the RIS prototype has been fabricated and measured to demon-strate a power intensity enhancement in the indoor environment.
Differently Shaped Beams Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for 6G FR1 Band Signal Coverage Extension in Indoor Environment Sunanda Mukhopadhyay, Abhishek Sarkhel, Satyendra Singh Yadav 2025 IEEE Microwaves Antennas and Propagation Conference Mapcon 2025, 2025 In the field of 6 G wireless propagation, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have currently attracted a lot of interest. However, due to the increasing number of obstacles, direct line-of-sight (LoS) propagation has been restricted. Therefore, the extension of signal coverage for the FR1 band in the indoor environment is an essential requirement. Despite the growing demand for RIS on 6G FR1 band wireless signal coverage extension, a limited number of research works have been reported. In this article, the differently shaped beam of RIS has been analyzed through the phase gradient profile developed on top of the RIS layer for the 6 G FR1 band application. Thereafter, two customized corridors with different configurations have been designed. Finally, these differently shaped beams have been located inside the indoor environment to evaluate the expansion of signal coverage.
Phase Gradient Profile and Target Deviation Error Analysis of 3-Bit Angle Insensitive Intelligent Reflecting Surface for 6G FR1 Band Application Sunanda Mukhopadhyay, Abhishek Sarkhel, Satyendra Singh Yadav 4th Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium Wams 2025, 2025 Intelligent Reflective Surfaces (IRS) has recently attracted great interest in electromagnetic wave propagation. Different phase gradient profiles have been generated to propagate electromagnetic waves in the desired direction. Different phase profiles enable the generation of distinct beam configurations that are essential to accommodate single to multiple users. Similarly, arrival beams at the user's location have some errors, interpreted as deviation errors. Moreover, achieving angular stability across various phase gradient profiles in the normal behavior of electromagnetic waves is challenging. This work proposes an intelligent reflecting surface with 3 bits of angleinsensitiveness for application in the 6 G FR1 band. Utilizing the generalized Snell law, different phase-gradient profiles are designed according to user specifications. The arrival beam positions are also determined here through the angular reciprocity theorem. Moreover, metallic vias are introduced in each meta cell to improve angular stability, such as 0° to 50° for the stability of the elevation angle and 0° to 40° for the stability of the azimuth angle. To tailor the phase profile of this design in a particular frequency band, the meta-cell designed is miniaturized and compact within the aperture of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.23 \lambda_{0}$</tex> and thickness of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.02 \lambda_{0}$</tex>.
Low-RCS Wideband Absorber Based on Symmetry Frequency Selective Surfaces for Next-Generation Stealth Applications Debojyoti Chattapadhyay, Satyendra Singh Yadav, Abhishek Sarkhel Indiscon 2025 IEEE 6th India Council International Subsections Conference Proceedings, 2025 This paper presents a wide-band absorber incorporating a compact frequency-selective surface (FSS) element specifically designed for operation across the $\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{X}, \mathrm{Ku}$, and K-bands $(6.65-21.71 \mathrm{GHz})$. The proposed structure comprises a symmetric FSS with a central metallic square, extended meandered arms, and resistive patches to regulate absorption. Its symmetric configuration ensures polarization insensitivity, achieving a wide absorption bandwidth of 106.21% along with a minimum of 92% absorption efficiency. The absorber exhibits stable electromagnetic performance under oblique incidence angles up to 50° across orthogonal polarization states. The proposed absorber’s design is significantly smaller in size, $0.199 \lambda_{L} \times 0.095 \lambda_{L}$. Additionally, it effectively reduces the radar cross-section (RCS), enhancing stealth capability by mitigating backscattered signals. The combination of wideband absorption, polarization insensitivity, and the overall reduction of RCS makes this absorber an excellent challenger for stealth and radar applications.
Wideband Superstrate-Loaded Metasurface-Based Multifunctional Polarization Converters Soumendu Ghosh, P. Megh Sainadh, Abhishek Sarkhel, Saptarshi Ghosh IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2025 In this letter, two different configurations of a multifunctional polarizer are designed in a compact geometry for simultaneous linear-to-circular (LP-to-CP) and linear-to-linear (LP-to-LP) polarization conversion with enhanced bandwidths. The metasurface unit cell consists of an anisotropic geometry printed on a metal-backed dielectric substrate, while a superstrate is placed above the pattern to aid in the bandwidth enhancement. The configuration-1 exhibits simultaneous wideband LP-to-LP conversion in the range of 4.52 GHz to 4.76 GHz, 7.94 GHz to 15.95 GHz, as well as wideband LP-to-CP conversion over 4.90 GHz to 7.41 GHz, 16.12 GHz to 16.97 GHz. Subsequently, the characteristic mode analysis is utilized to modify the design topology, and Configuration-2 is realized with multi-band LP-to-LP conversion at 4.73 GHz to 5.09 GHz, 6.58 GHz to 7.66 GHz, and simultaneous wideband LP-to-CP conversion over 5.36 GHz to 6.12 GHz, 8.08 GHz to 15.02 GHz. Both designs have small footprints (having unit cell dimensions of 0.143λ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.143λ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub>, λ<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> being the lowest operating wavelength) and demonstrate angularly stable characteristics up to 50° incidence. The structures are fabricated and the experimental responses are in good agreement with the simulations. Later, two checkerboards (CB-1 and CB-2) using two different metasurface configurations are designed, leveraging their phase gradient responses for low radar cross-section (RCS) applications, depicting >10 dB RCS reduction bandwidths over 4.5 GHz to 4.8 GHz, 7.9 GHz to 16.1 GHz for CB-1, and 4.8 GHz to 5.3 GHz, 7.0 GHz to 7.7 GHz for CB-2, respectively.
A compact dual-polarized triple-band antenna for implantable Biotelemetry applications Moirangthem Santoshkumar Singh, Jeet Ghosh, Soumendu Ghosh, Abhishek Sarkhel Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 2025 In this paper, a dual-polarized triple-band antenna for implantable biotelemetry application is presented. The antenna exhibits linear polarization (LP) characteristics at 404 MHz and 916 MHz while circular polarization (CP) characteristics at the 2.43 GHz band with a footprint of 0.0473 $ \lambda _{g} \times $ λg× 0.0387 $ \lambda _{g} \times $ λg× 0.0022 $ \lambda _{g} $ λg where $ \lambda _{g} $ λg is the effective wavelength. The proposed antenna exhibits an overall dimension of 11 mm × 9 mm × 0.5 mm (volume of 49.5 mm3). The dual polarization feature of the proposed antenna can specifically address the diverse polarization requirements of specific applications. A conceptual equivalent circuit model of the proposed antenna has also been developed to understand the effect of human tissue loading on the antenna characteristics. Moreover, characteristic mode analysis (CMA) has been employed to understand the intrinsic radiation feature and polarization phenomenon of the proposed antenna structure. The measured response shows a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 56 MHz covering the MICS band, and 122 MHz and 220 MHz covering the lower and upper ISM band with a maximum gain of −26.4 dB, −24.4 dB, and −22.6 dB respectively. The proposed antenna's specific absorption rate has been evaluated, which complies with the safety regulation for implantable scenarios. The link margin also assesses the communicable range of the proposed antenna for biotelemetry. The proposed antenna is capable of transmitting data at 7 kb/s and 100 kb/s up to a distance of 13 m and 3.5 m, respectively. In vitro measurement has been performed to validate the proposed antenna performance, and the measured result agrees well with the simulated one.
Message from the technical program chairs Bhushan Bibhuti, Patron, Nit Meghalaya, Rama Rao, A Dandapat, et al. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Innovations in Electronics Signal Processing and Communication Iesc 2019, 2019
A 1-Bit Holey Substrate-Integrated Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for Enhanced Signal Coverage S Mukhopadhyay, A Sarkhel, D Chattapadhyay, S Ghosh, SS Yadav IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters , 2026 2026
Performance Evaluation of IRS-Assisted System Under Spatially Correlated Generalized Fading Channel S Penchala, SK Bandari, A Sarkhel, PK Rathore, VM Vakamulla Wireless Personal Communications 146 (1), 279-307 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Differently Shaped Beams Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for 6G FR1 Band Signal Coverage Extension in Indoor Environment S Mukhopadhyay, A Sarkhel, SS Yadav 2025 IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference (MAPCON), 1-4 , 2025 2025
Low-RCS Wideband Absorber Based on Symmetry Frequency Selective Surfaces for Next-Generation Stealth Applications D Chattapadhyay, SS Yadav, A Sarkhel 2025 IEEE 6th India Council International Subsections Conference (INDISCON), 1-6 , 2025 2025
Passive metasurface reflector for 6G wireless signal coverage enhancement in indoor environment: Design and experimental demonstrations S Mukhopadhyay, A Sarkhel, PP Sarkar, SS Yadav Physical Communication 71, 102664 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
A Single-Layered Linear-to-Circular Polarization Converter for Dual-Band 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems Using Frequency-Selective Surface H Suting, S Ghosh, A Sarkhel, P Saha Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Devices for 5G and 6G systems: Modern Design … , 2025 2025
Polarization-Insensitive Triple-Band Millimeter-Wave Absorber for 6G Radar Communication D Chattapadhyay, S Ghosh, SS Yadav, A Sarkhel Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Devices for 5G and 6G systems: Modern Design … , 2025 2025
A Wideband Digitally Coded Metasurface Using Staggering Tuning Mechanisms for Beam Steering Application in 6G mm-Wave Communication S Mukhopadhyay, A Sarkhel, SS Yadav Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Devices for 5G and 6G systems: Modern Design … , 2025 2025
A compact dual-polarized triple-band antenna for implantable Biotelemetry applications MS Singh, J Ghosh, S Ghosh, A Sarkhel Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 39 (9), 1018-1034 , 2025 2025
Phase Gradient Profile and Target Deviation Error Analysis of 3-Bit Angle Insensitive Intelligent Reflecting Surface for 6G FR1 Band Application S Mukhopadhyay, A Sarkhel, SS Yadav 2025 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS), 1-5 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Wideband Superstrate-Loaded Metasurface-Based Multifunctional Polarization Converters S Ghosh, PM Sainadh, A Sarkhel, S Ghosh IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 24 (6), 1337-1341 , 2025 2025 Citations: 14
An implantable ISM band antenna for biomedical application M Bose, AK Biswas, A Sarkhel, A Kundu, U Chakraborty Frequenz 78 (3-4), 109-116 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Characteristics Analysis of 2-Bit Digitally Time-Coded Programmable Metasurface Using Vector Synthesis Approach S Mukhopadhyay, K Gupta, A Kashyap, A Sarkhel, SS Yadav 2024 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and … , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
A Multiband Ultrathin Multifunctional Polarization Rotator Metasurface and its Application in RCS Reduction S Ghosh, S Mukhim, N Sohtun, A Sarkhel 2023 IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference (MAPCON), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
A review of design challenges of metamaterial-inspired body-worn antennas M Bose, A Kundu, A Sarkhel, U Chakraborty Advances in Microwave Engineering, 115-144 , 2023 2023 Citations: 1
Design and analysis of compact dual-band antenna system for scalp and skin implantation MS Singh, S Roy, J Ghosh, U Chakraborty, S Ghosh, A Sarkhel Prog. Electromagn. Res. C 125, 1-13 , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
Design of miniaturize flexible wideband frequency selective surface for electromagnetic shielding application J Ghosh, R Dutta, A Sarkhel, QH Abbasi Waves in Random and Complex Media, 1-21 , 2022 2022 Citations: 24
An Ultrathin Multifunctional Polarization Converting Metasurface with Wide Angular Stability S Ghosh, S Roy, MS Singh, A Sarkhel International Conference on Data, Electronics and Computing, 491-498 , 2022 2022
A Compact Miniaturized Implantable Antenna for 2.45 GHz ISM Band Application SS Moirangthem, S Roy, S Ghosh, A Sarkhel International Conference on Data, Electronics and Computing, 415-421 , 2022 2022
A Low-Profile Multifunctional Metasurface Reflector for Multiband Polarization Transformation S Ghosh, J Ghosh, MS Singh, A Sarkhel IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 70 (1), 76-80 , 2022 2022 Citations: 49
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Miniaturized dual-antenna system for implantable biotelemetry application MS Singh, J Ghosh, S Ghosh, A Sarkhel IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 20 (8), 1394-1398 , 2021 2021 Citations: 85
Compact Quad-Band Polarization-Insensitive Ultrathin Metamaterial Absorber With Wide Angle Stability A Sarkhel, SRB Chaudhuri IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16, 3240-3244 , 2017 2017 Citations: 84
A miniaturized ring slot antenna design with enhanced radiation characteristics D Mitra, B Ghosh, A Sarkhel, SRB Chaudhuri IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64 (1), 300-305 , 2015 2015 Citations: 69
A Low-Profile Multifunctional Metasurface Reflector for Multiband Polarization Transformation S Ghosh, J Ghosh, MS Singh, A Sarkhel IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 70 (1), 76-80 , 2022 2022 Citations: 49
Planar Frequency Selective Surface-Based Switchable Rasorber/Absorber for Airborne Application R Dutta, J Ghosh, A Sarkhel IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 21 (9), 1842-1846 , 2022 2022 Citations: 38
Isolation improvement of dual-/quad-element textile MIMO antenna for 5G application S Roy, AK Biswas, S Ghosh, U Chakraborty, A Sarkhel Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 35 (10), 1337-1353 , 2021 2021 Citations: 32
A compact metamaterial with multi-band negative-index characteristics A Sarkhel, D Mitra, SR Bhadra Chaudhuri Applied Physics A 122 (4), 471 , 2016 2016 Citations: 29
A compact meta‐atom for dual band negative permittivity metamaterial A Sarkhel, D Mitra, S Paul, SRB Chaudhuri Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 57 (5), 1152-1156 , 2015 2015 Citations: 29
Design of compact and high directive slot antennas using grounded metamaterial slab D Mitra, A Sarkhel, O Kundu, SRB Chaudhuri IEEE Antennas and wireless propagation letters 14, 811-814 , 2014 2014 Citations: 26
Design of miniaturize flexible wideband frequency selective surface for electromagnetic shielding application J Ghosh, R Dutta, A Sarkhel, QH Abbasi Waves in Random and Complex Media, 1-21 , 2022 2022 Citations: 24
Wideband Superstrate-Loaded Metasurface-Based Multifunctional Polarization Converters S Ghosh, PM Sainadh, A Sarkhel, S Ghosh IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 24 (6), 1337-1341 , 2025 2025 Citations: 14
Design and analysis of compact dual-band antenna system for scalp and skin implantation MS Singh, S Roy, J Ghosh, U Chakraborty, S Ghosh, A Sarkhel Prog. Electromagn. Res. C 125, 1-13 , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
Enhanced-gain printed slot antenna using an electric metasurface superstrate A Sarkhel, SR Bhadra Chaudhuri Applied Physics A 122 (10), 934 , 2016 2016 Citations: 11
An ELC meta-resonator inspired wideband wearable MIMO antenna system for biotelemetry applications S Ghosh, S Roy, U Chakraborty, A Sarkhel Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 36 (8), 1113-1129 , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
Wearable textile based MIMO antenna for 5G Application MS Singh, S Roy, S Ghosh, A Sarkhel 2021 IEEE Indian Conference on Antennas and Propagation (InCAP), 159-162 , 2021 2021 Citations: 6
Design of a compact triple-band metamaterial absorber with wide angle of incidence using connected resonator topology A Sarkhel, SRB Chaudhuri 2015 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications … , 2015 2015 Citations: 6
A Multiband Ultrathin Multifunctional Polarization Rotator Metasurface and its Application in RCS Reduction S Ghosh, S Mukhim, N Sohtun, A Sarkhel 2023 IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference (MAPCON), 1-6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
An implantable ISM band antenna for biomedical application M Bose, AK Biswas, A Sarkhel, A Kundu, U Chakraborty Frequenz 78 (3-4), 109-116 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Characteristics Analysis of 2-Bit Digitally Time-Coded Programmable Metasurface Using Vector Synthesis Approach S Mukhopadhyay, K Gupta, A Kashyap, A Sarkhel, SS Yadav 2024 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and … , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Design and Analysis of Low Cost Biodegradable Substrate Material for Microwave device Application S Roy, S Ghosh, PB Saha, MS Singh, A Sarkhel, S Pattanayak 2021 IEEE Indian Conference on Antennas and Propagation (InCAP), 614-617 , 2021 2021 Citations: 4
