Smart and Quick Parking Spot Detection Santhosh Kumar Veeramalla, Rama Lakshmi Gali, M Ranjeeth, Saikumar Tara, V Hindumathi, L Bhargava Kumar 2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies Icccnt 2024, 2024 The rapid expansion of urban areas has intensified the challenge of finding parking spaces for drivers. Intelligent parking systems emerge as a crucial solution by providing real-time detection of available spaces. While various methods exist, from basic magnetic sensors to advanced computer vision algorithms, their effectiveness can be hindered by environmental factors. Recognizing the importance of automated systems, this paper focuses on implementing an image processing approach for parking space detection. By strategically placing cameras in parking lots, the system identifies vacant spaces and transforms images to determine availability. Integrating these techniques into mobile applications could further aid drivers in locating parking spots, improving their overall experience. Ultimately, accurate and efficient parking space identification is vital for reducing congestion, enhancing air quality, and improving urban environments.
Implementation of Panoramic Image Stitching using Python R. Kiran Chand, Bittu Kumar, M.Ranjeeth, Kiran Dasari, Pulkit Singh, K. Sai Pavan 2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies Icccnt 2023, 2023 Panoramic image stitching is a popular technique for combining numerous photographs to generate wide-angle views and high-resolution images, Image stitching entails matching the pictures, adjusting for camera location and orientation discrepancies, and mixing the images to form a smooth composite image. In this paper, we offer an implementation of panoramic image stitching using Image processing techniques in python. The suggested technique employs feature-based image alignment, which aligns pictures by utilizing feature points in the images. The detection of spatial differences between the pixels of the image is a key to detect feature points, which is resistant to changes in scale, rotation, and affine distortion. After aligning the photos, we generate a smooth composite image. The suggested approach is tested on a real-world picture collection, and the findings demonstrate that it can generate high-quality panoramic photos with good alignment and smooth blending. The suggested approach is simple and straightforward to apply, and it has applications in virtual reality, surveillance and security systems, and film and video creation.
A Novel Integrated UWB Sensing and 8-Element MIMO Communication Cognitive Radio Antenna System D Srikar, Anveshkumar Nella, Ranjith Mamidi, Ashok Babu, Sudipta Das, Sunil Lavadiya, Abeer D. Algarni, Walid El-Shafai Electronics Switzerland, 2023 In this article, a cognitive radio (CR) integrated antenna system, which has 1 sensing and 24 communication antennas, is proposed for better spectrum utilization efficiency. In the 24 communication antennas, 3 different operating band antennas are realized with an 8-element MIMO configuration. The sensing antenna linked to port 1 is able to sense the spectrum that ranges from 2 to 12 GHz, whereas the communication 8-element MIMO antennas linked with ports 2 to 9, ports 10 to 17 and ports 18 to 25 perform operations in the 2.17–4.74 GHz, 4.57–8.62 GHz and 8.62–12 GHz bands, respectively. Mutual coupling is found to be less than −12 dB between the antenna elements. Peak gain and radiation efficiency of the sensing antenna are better than 2.25 dBi and 82%, respectively, whereas the peak gains and radiation efficiencies of all communication antennas are more than 2.5 dBi and 90%, respectively. Moreover, diversity characteristics of the MIMO antenna are assessed by parameters such as DG, ECC and CCL. It is found that ECC and CCL are less than 0.42 and 0.46 bits/s/Hz, respectively, and also DG is more than 9.1 dB.
Performance of Generalized α-μ Fading for Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing in Presence of Channel Errors Srinivas Nallagonda, Oruganti Lakshmi Prathyusha, M. Ranjeeth 8th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems Icaccs 2022, 2022 This current research, the performance of a general-ized $a$- µ fading for the energy detection based spectrum sensing (ED-SS) in existence of channel errors is studied. Accurately, cognitive radio (CR) senses a primary user (PU), receives the sensing information, then it takes a binary-decision about active or inactive status of PU with the help of energy detector. So as to achieve, first the expression for novel-analytic is derived for probability of detection which is concerned to noise also for $\\alpha-\\mu$ fading. Next, based on the derived expression the frame works which are analytic to evaluate the total error rate (TER) and the complementary receiver operating charac-teristics (CROC) performances of a CR for all the parameters of channel and network are elaborated. Additionally, the ED-SS performance for various parameters namely as probability of channel error, detection threshold and signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) is investigated. Optimal detection threshold for several channel and network parameters are also determined. Finally, the numerical analysis of ED-SS without channel errors is also presented for comparison purpose. Analytical results are achieved using MATLAB numerical simulation.
Comparative Analysis in Between HSPA+ and LTE M. Shashidhar, M. Ranjeeth, B. Santosh, V. Manohar 8th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems Icaccs 2022, 2022 This paper discusses the key wireless networking infrastructure practices that maximize both the range and capability of a wireless communication device. To satisfy these demands, new methods have to be created and placed in place. The advanced LTE was the 4G counterpart to the 3G Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) system and was built to provide a further evolution of the available mobile telecommunications system. It delivers much faster download rates and dramatically it provides better performance as well as lower running costs. Initial implementations offered little improvement over the generic HSPA+ 3GPP in Release 7, but soon it was recognized that LTE's full capacity provided a full 4G performance level. The goal of our work is to examine the analysis of advanced LTE and HSPA+ under various frequency bands in order to meet the requirements of international mobile telecommunications advanced system (IMT- Advanced).
Analysis of energy-efficient cooperative spectrum sensing with improved energy detectors and multiple antennas over Nakagami-q/n fading channels Srinivas Nallagonda, Ranjeeth Mamidi, Abhijit Bhowmick International Journal of Communication Systems, 2021 Cognitive radio (CR) is an advanced technique used for the utilization of radio spectrum. A CR node uses the radio spectrum of a licensed user (called as primary user, PU) deviously. In this work, a cooperative sensing network (CSN) with improved energy detection (IED)‐based CR nodes is proposed. Each CR node consists of multiple antennas and perform themselves selection diversity (SC) technique. Each CR node senses a PU through erroneous sensing channel and reports its sensing data (1‐bit binary‐decision) to the fusion center (FC) through erroneous reporting channels. At FC, existence of PU (presence or absence) is identified using k‐out‐of‐N fusion rule. The novel expressions for detection probability over noise plus Nakagami‐q/n fading channels are derived and the mathematical frameworks for analysis of throughput and energy‐efficiency of the proposed network are developed. The simulation testbed is also developed and presented in this work to validate the analytically obtained performance characteristics. For several network parameters values, the investigation on comparison between IED and traditional energy detection method for various decision fusion rules is studied. Further, performance characteristics are analytically illustrated for throughput and energy‐efficiency over noise plus Nakagami‐q/n fading channels. The impact of diversity technique and effect of fading severity parameters on the throughput and energy‐efficiency are also investigated. The effect of channel error on total error performance for both proposed and conventional networks is shown. Finally, optimal fusion rule and optimal network parameters values correspond to maximum throughput and maximum energy‐efficiency are also identified.
Energy Efficiency and Throughput Analysis Using IED with Selection Combining in Proposed CSS Network over Weibull Fading Channel Santosh K Boddupelli, B.Naveen Kumar, M. Ranjeeth, Srinivas Nallagonda 2021 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems Icaccs 2021, 2021 The proposed cooperative spectrum sensing network gives potential attributes to improve the detection performance. This research paper mainly focuses on the identification of unknown signals in Weibull fading environment using an improved energy detector (IED). The proposed network consists of multiple cognitive radio (CR) nodes, at each CR node number of antennas are used and selection combining (SC) is used to select the maximum value of detection probability. Further, the activity of primary user (PU) is identified using fusion rules at fusion center (FC). Initially, closed-form of missed detection and false alarm probabilities are proficiently derived. Later on, energy efficiency and an average channel throughput analysis are evaluated using $k= 1 +n$ and $k=N- n$ rules at FC.
BER Analysis Using NOMA System over Various Fading Channels M. Ranjeeth, V. Manohar, A. Sai Supriya, M. Vinay, M. Bhargav Proceedings of the 2021 2nd International Conference on Communication Computing and Industry 4 0 C2i4 2021, 2021 One of the most promising technologies for future mobile networks is non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Hence, most of academic and industry people are working on this technique to evaluate the error performance and to know the capacity of NOMA scheme. In this paper, we have considered a NOMA system in which two users are separated with an equal distance from base station (BS). The bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated over non-fading (AWGN) and fading (Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m and Weibull) environments for an arbitrary NOMA user. For two users, different power levels are provided. During the transmission of data, BPSK modulation scheme is considered and superposition coding is used at base station (BS). Successive interference cancellation (SIC) decoding mechanism in applied at receiver. Finally, with the help of MATLAB simulations, BER performances are evaluated. The comparative BER analysis for different environments is also provided.
