Impact of poly-3-hexylthiophene active layer thickness for smart window applications P. Aruna, Digvijay Narayan Singh, G.P. Prema Kumar, S.M. Naveen, K. Keshavamurthy, S. Sindhu, C.M. Joseph Next Materials, 2025 Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is a semiconducting conjugated polymer also known for its electrochromic (EC) properties, i.e., change in color in response to the application of a cyclic change of electric voltage. This property makes it a promising candidate for various applications, including smart windows, displays, and sensors. Here, we are reporting the thickness-dependent EC response of spin-coated P3HT films. The emphasis is to probe the effect of the layer thickness on structural disordering/distortion and their synergetic role on EC performance of the as-prepared P3HT devices. The relationship between the P3HT film layer thicknesses on EC device performance has to be understood based on structural morphology and its microscopic ordering. In spin-coated films like P3HT, thicker layers have greater structural disorder and higher defect density. This disorder can disrupt the long-range conjugation and charge transport pathways, thereby affecting key performance metrics of the devices. For this EC study, P3HT thin films were deposited onto ITO-coated glass substrates through the spin coating method with different spin speeds ranging from 500 rpm to 2000 rpm. XRD analysis showed peak broadening for (001) pc and (002) pc planes with increasing thickness of the films, which depicted the geometrical distortion. UV-vis. Spectra showed a slight variation in the optical band structure with increasing thickness. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) study showed a reversible change in color (Purple – transparent – Purple) with the application of cyclic voltage ranging from −1 V to + 1 V. It is observed that the film with a lower thickness (∼ 300 nm) exhibited a better electrochemical reversibility than the thicker films. The findings made here have great implications for understanding the EC characteristics parameters, such as activation voltage, maximum current, and optical contrast, as they are subjected to the film thickness. Moreover, comprehending this behaviour is essential for tailoring P3HT-based devices for specific applications. • The impact of film thickness on structural and microstructural is studied. • Impact of film thickness on optoelectronic properties were investigated. • All studied systems showed color reversibility from purple to transparent. • The thinner most film showed better electrochemical reversibility. • All films showed a highly stable reversible switching for CV-hysteresis.
A mini-review on Z and S scheme heterojunction bismuth based photocatalysts towards H2 production, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation Arpita Paul Chowdhury, Kurupalya Shivram Anantharaju, Kempaiah Keshavamurthy, Swarnalata Swain, Bogegowda Uma Next Materials, 2025 Using the limitless energy of the sun, photocatalysis offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly way to clean up the environment and store energy. To overcome the drawbacks of traditional heterojunctions in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics, the step-scheme (S-scheme and Z scheme heterojunction was devised. Interestingly, because of their distinct electrical composition and layered architectures, bismuth-based catalysts have been extensively investigated in a variety of applications. Because the valence band of bismuth-based compounds is made up of hybrid orbitals, the band gap is less, making it easier to migrate photogenerated electron-hole pairs. This review's objective is to study the most recent developments and successes in the creation of Bi based S and Z scheme. First, a summary of the basic ideas behind the formation of heterojunctions was provided. Second, the important uses of S and Z scheme heterojunction photocatalysts in the creation of hydrogen, the reduction of CO2, and the degradation of pollutants were covered. Finally, the article provides valuable insights for future research and development involving in the designing and construction of a Bi-based heterojunction.
Inorganic nanomaterials for senor applications Arpita Paul Chowdhury, K.S. Anantharaju, K. Keshavamurthy Multifunctional Inorganic Nanomaterials Synthesis Properties and Applications, 2025 Nanomaterials are considered advanced materials in the current scenario. The unique properties of nanomaterials make them ideal for applications in energy, biomedicine, food, and the environment. This chapter covers nanomaterials classification based on dimensionality and composition. Nanomaterials have been categorized as inorganic, carbon-based, organic-based, and composite based on composition and 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D dimensions. This chapter aims to highlight the applications of nanomaterials as sensors in sensing environmental pollutants, biomedicine, humidity, gas, and explosive detection. The materials at the nanoscale proved highly sensitive, selective, fast response compared with micromaterials for analytical measures. Furthermore, the future perspectives and challenges of novel nanomaterials are highlighted.
Exploration of physical, structural, thermal, and optical properties of alkali zinc boro tellurite glasses doped with europium trioxide G. V. Jagadeesha Gowda, Utpal Deka, A. Dahshan, G. V. Ashok Reddy, B. Eraiah, R. S. Gedam, K. Keshavamurthy, C. Devaraja Applied Physics A Materials Science and Processing, 2024 In this present work we have studied the physical, structural, thermal, and optical properties of a new set of alkali zinc boro tellurite glasses doped europium trioxide prepared using the melt-quenching method. X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and SEM were used to determine the non-crystalline property and microstructure property of the prepared samples. By using MAS-NMR spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy, the structural changes in the glasses were revealed. The physical properties were described by considering the densities of glass samples and hence molar volume, polaron radius, and oxygen packing density were measured. Thermal stability of glasses was perceived by performing DSC analysis and values ranges from 145 to 190 °C. Using UV–visible absorption spectra, it was possible to calculate the optical properties. The highest refractive index is found as 2.275 for glass AZBTE0 and the lowest is 2.241 for AZBTE5 glass. The ionic behaviour of the glasses was determined by electronegativity and values lie in the range of 1.51 to 1.688. The outcomes of the physical, thermal, and optical characteristics of glasses are intended for potential uses in optical switching and Europium doped fibre amplifier applications.
Ag3PO4 anchored SnWO4 Z-scheme heterojunction for reactive blue 21 degradation: Performance analysis and mechanism insights Arpita Paul Chowdhury, K.S. Anantharaju, K. Keshavamurthy, Sharath Kumar B, Sampath Chinnam, Shikhasmita Das, Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum Results in Surfaces and Interfaces, 2024 The Ag 3 PO 4 –SnWO 4 heterostructured nanocomposites have been prepared by the chemical precipitation process. The prepared nanocomposites were examined through XRD, TEM, UV–visible NIR, PL, BET, Mott Schottky, EIS, and ESR measurements. The diffraction peaks of Ag 3 PO 4 –SnWO 4 nanocomposite showed the peaks of SnWO 4 nanoparticles that are orthorhombic in the Ag 3 PO 4 tetragonal structure, which suggested that they are present in the mixed phase of the composite. Photoluminescence spectra displayed efficiency in charge separation of e − -h + pairs in Ag 3 PO 4 –SnWO 4 -1 nanocomposite. The Ag 3 PO 4 –SnWO 4 nanocomposites have been examined for degrading the aqueous solution of reactive blue (RB 21) under natural sunlight irradiation. The superior photoactivity of Ag 3 PO 4 –SnWO 4 -1 could be ascribed to the existence of a heterostructure between Ag 3 PO 4 and SnWO 4 nanoparticles that improved the light absorption ability of the heterostructure. Also, a low rate of recombination of electron and hole pairs between Ag 3 PO 4 and SnWO 4 nanoparticles was observed. The Mott–Schottky plot revealed both Ag 3 PO 4 and SnWO 4 as n type semiconductor with flat-band potential values as 0.34 and −0.54 eV respectively. The photocatalytic rate reached the fastest on the incorporation of 100 mg SnWO 4 compared to pristine Ag 3 PO 4 and SnWO 4 particles with 91.4% degradation efficiency and a rate constant of 0.257 min −1 . The photogenerated O 2 ∙− , h + and ∙ OH radicals indicated by the radical trapping experiment were mainly liable for the RB 21 degradation.
Enhanced Optical Properties of Eu 2 O 3 -Doped Zinc Borate Lanthanum Glasses with Gold Nanoparticle Integration DS Gnanendra, K Keshavamurthy, V Hegde, AP Chowdhury, BN Swetha Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 1-15 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Inorganic nanomaterials for senor applications AP Chowdhury, KS Anantharaju, K Keshavamurthy Multifunctional Inorganic Nanomaterials, 147-157 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Gd3+ doped CoFe2O4 coupled with bismuth oxybromide for visible-light-driven removal of organic contaminants Reactive Red 120 and Acid Violet 7 and its mechanism insights AP Chowdhury, S Chinnam, KS Anantharaju, BS Kumar, ... Journal of Rare Earths 43 (10), 2166-2176 , 2025 2025 Citations: 14
Impact of poly-3-hexylthiophene active layer thickness for smart window applications P Aruna, DN Singh, GPP Kumar, SM Naveen, K Keshavamurthy, ... Next Materials 9, 101234 , 2025 2025
A mini-review on Z and S scheme heterojunction bismuth based photocatalysts towards H2 production, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation AP Chowdhury, KS Anantharaju, K Keshavamurthy, S Swain, B Uma Next Materials 8, 100918 , 2025 2025 Citations: 22
S-Scheme ZnO/g-C3N5 Visible Light Active Photocatalyst for Rhodamine B Dye Degradation and Hg Sensing Applications AT Roopashree Bangalore Nagesh, Gurushantha Kariyanna, Nagaraju Kottam ... Applied Science and Engineering Progress 18 (4), 7783 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Organic LED for Photoelectric Sensor Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, K. Keshavamurthy, T. Nagaraja ... IN Patent 446324-001 , 2025 2025
fFabrication of Zirconia-doped Cu 2 O/CuO/Cu hetero-nanocomposite: Enhanced electrochemical sensor, antibacterial and photocatalytic activity B Uma, KS Anantharaju, BS Surendra, AP Chowdhury, S Khasim, ... Ionics 31 (5), 5067-5084 , 2025 2025 Citations: 11
Preparation of n – p Heterojunction Polyaniline-Vanadium Pentoxide Composite for Moisture Detection K Savanur, AS Roy, A Parveen, K Keshavamurthy, C Vidya, KC Sajjan Journal of Electronic Materials 54 (5), 3675-3684 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Role of Semiconductor Materials in Wastewater Treatment AP Chowdhury, KS Anantharaju, S Das, K Keshavamurthy Handbook of Semiconductors, 347-358 , 2025 2025
Exploration of physical, structural, thermal, and optical properties of alkali zinc boro tellurite glasses doped with europium trioxide GVJ Gowda, U Deka, A Dahshan, GVA Reddy, B Eraiah, RS Gedam, ... Applied Physics A 130 (11), 777 , 2024 2024 Citations: 28
Ag3PO4 anchored SnWO4 Z-scheme heterojunction for reactive blue 21 degradation: performance analysis and mechanism insights AP Chowdhury, KS Anantharaju, K Keshavamurthy, S Kumar, S Chinnam, ... Results in Surfaces and Interfaces 17, 100334 , 2024 2024 Citations: 10
Green fuel mediated Europium doped Lanthanum ferrites Synthesis, characterisation of and their application as photocatalyst and antibacterial agents S Swamy, K Gurushantha, K Keshavamurthy, S Meena, S Sreenivasa, ... Inorganic Chemistry Communications 168, 112978 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Near-infrared and green light emission spectroscopic characteristics of Er 3+ doped alumina–phosphate glasses V Hegde, KR Vighnesh, SD Kamath, CSD Viswanath, AH Almuqrin, ... Applied Physics A 130 (6), 411 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
Effect of silver nanoparticles size on the ultrafast optical nonlinear and optical limiting properties of Nd3+ doped antimony borate glasses TN Ashoka, SB Kolavekar, KN Sathish, S Shashidhar, K Keshavamurthy, ... Infrared Physics & Technology 138, 105268 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
Synthesis of heterojunction nanocomposites ZnFe2O4/ZnO/Nb2O5 for photocatalytic, capacitor and antibacterial applications K Gurushantha, K Keshavamurthy, S Meena, N Kottam, MN Manjunatha, ... Inorganic Chemistry Communications 162, 112126 , 2024 2024 Citations: 14
Enhanced nonlinear optical and optical liming properties of holmium containing borate glasses embedded with silver nanoparticles. TN Ashoka, KN Sathish, KV Brungesh, S Shashidhar, D Karthik, ... Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 35 (7) , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Enhanced nonlinear optical and optical liming properties of holmium containing borate glasses embedded with silver nanoparticles Basappa, TN Ashoka, KN Sathish, KV Brungesh, S Shashidhar, D Karthik, ... Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 35 (7), 519 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
Visible Light Active WO3/TiO2 Heterojunction Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Sensor, Capacitance and Photocatalytic Applications K Gurushantha, N Kottam, SP Smrithi, MS Dharmaprakash, ... Catalysis Letters 154, 982-993 , 2024 2024 Citations: 16
Low concentration Sm3+ ions loaded zinc sodium borate glasses for solid state lighting devices K Keshavamurthy, C Vidya, T Uthayakumar, V Hegde, CM Joseph, ... Optical Materials 148, 114829 , 2024 2024 Citations: 16
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Optical properties of bismuth tellurite glasses doped with holmium oxide C Devaraja, GVJ Gowda, B Eraiah, K Keshavamurthy Ceramics International 47 (6), 7602-7607 , 2021 2021 Citations: 63
Physical, structural and photo luminescence properties of lead boro-tellurite glasses doped with Eu3+ ions C Devaraja, GVJ Gowda, K Keshavamurthy, B Eraiah, G Devarajulu, ... Vacuum 177, 109426 , 2020 2020 Citations: 51
Silver nanoparticles enhanced photoluminescence and the spectroscopic performances of Nd3+ ions in sodium lanthanum borate glass host: Effect of heat treatment BN Swetha, K Keshavamurthy, G Gupta, DA Aloraini, AH Almuqrin, ... Ceramics International 47 (15), 21212-21220 , 2021 2021 Citations: 40
Enhanced non-linear optical properties of Eu3+ activated glasses by embedding silver nanoparticles N Fatima, AG Pramod, G Jagannath, R Rajaramakrishna, ... Ceramics International 47 (12), 16801-16808 , 2021 2021 Citations: 35
Nonlinear optical, optical limiting and radiation shielding features of Eu3+ activated borate glasses G Jagannath, AG Pramod, K Keshavamurthy, BN Swetha, B Eraiah, ... Optik 232, 166563 , 2021 2021 Citations: 35
Recent Advances in Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation Approaches for Azo Dyes AP Chowdhury, KS Anantharaju, K Keshavamurthy, SL Rokhum Journal of Chemistry 2023 (1), 9780955 , 2023 2023 Citations: 32
Influence of europium (Eu 3+ ) ions on the optical properties of silver lead borate glasses K Keshavamurthy, B Eraiah Bulletin of Materials Science 38 (5), 1381-1384 , 2015 2015 Citations: 32
Exploration of physical, structural, thermal, and optical properties of alkali zinc boro tellurite glasses doped with europium trioxide GVJ Gowda, U Deka, A Dahshan, GVA Reddy, B Eraiah, RS Gedam, ... Applied Physics A 130 (11), 777 , 2024 2024 Citations: 28
Synthesis of ZrO 2 :Dy 3+ Nanoparticles: Photoluminescent, Photocatalytic, and Electrochemical Sensor Studies K Gurushantha, KS Anantharaju, N Kottam, K Keshavamurthy, ... Adsorption Science & Technology 2022, 5664344 , 2022 2022 Citations: 28
Photoluminescence, nonlinear optical and gamma radiation shielding properties of high concentration of Eu2O3 doped heavy metal borate glasses V Hegde, SD Kamath, I Kebaili, MI Sayyed, KN Sathish, CSD Viswanath, ... Optik 251, 168433 , 2022 2022 Citations: 28
Physical, Structural, and Photoluminescence Characteristics of Sm 2 O 3 Doped Lithium Zinc Borate Glasses Bearing Large Concentrations of Modifier K Hanamar, BG Hegde, SB Kolavekar, NH Ayachit, AG Pramod, ... Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 33 (6), 1612-1620 , 2023 2023 Citations: 27
Improved photocatalytic, antimicrobial and photoelectrochemical properties of nanocrystalline Cu2+-doped ZnO nanoparticles R Umashankar, SH Devi, K Gurushantha, SO Manjunatha, M Al-Dossari, ... Ceramics International 49 (13), 22449-22459 , 2023 2023 Citations: 26
Impact of thermal annealing time on luminescence properties of Eu3+ ions in silver nanoparticles embedded lanthanum sodium borate glasses BN Swetha, K Keshavamurthy Applied Surface Science 525, 146505 , 2020 2020 Citations: 26
Optical, thermal and gamma ray attenuation characteristics of tungsten oxide modified: B2O3–SrCO3–TeO2–ZnO glass series HA Thabit, MI Sayyed, S Hashim, I Abdullahi, M Elsafi, K Keshavamurthy, ... Nuclear Engineering and Technology 56, 247-256 , 2024 2024 Citations: 25
Enhanced 1.53 µm emission of Er3+ in nano-Ag embedded sodium-boro-lanthanate glasses BN Swetha, G Devarajulu, K Keshavamurthy, G Jagannath, HR Deepa Journal of Alloys and Compounds 856, 158212 , 2021 2021 Citations: 25
A mini-review on Z and S scheme heterojunction bismuth based photocatalysts towards H2 production, CO2 reduction, and pollutant degradation AP Chowdhury, KS Anantharaju, K Keshavamurthy, S Swain, B Uma Next Materials 8, 100918 , 2025 2025 Citations: 22
Improved photoluminescence and spectroscopic features of Sm3+‒doped alkali borate glasses by embedding silver nanoparticles BN Swetha, K Keshavamurthy, AG Pramod, G Devarajulu, KP Roopa, ... Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 579, 121371 , 2022 2022 Citations: 21
Optical limiting and nonlinear optical properties of silver nanoparticles embedded glasses containing rare-earth ions at 532 nm under nanosecond regime AH Almuqrin, MI Sayyed, AG Pramod, K Keshavamurthy, G Jagannath Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 33 (20), 16357-16368 , 2022 2022 Citations: 18
Influence of size of Ag NP on spectroscopic performances of Eu3+ ions in sodium borate glass host BN Swetha, K Keshavamurthy, G Jagannath Optik 240, 166918 , 2021 2021 Citations: 18
Visible Light Active WO3/TiO2 Heterojunction Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Sensor, Capacitance and Photocatalytic Applications K Gurushantha, N Kottam, SP Smrithi, MS Dharmaprakash, ... Catalysis Letters 154, 982-993 , 2024 2024 Citations: 16