MANET, Security in Internet Integrated WSN, EH-WSN
64
Scopus Publications
689
Scholar Citations
15
Scholar h-index
26
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Infrared Eye Tracking: Unlocking Communication Pathways for Coma Patients Pranith Bhaskar P, Somnath Sinha, Binayak Dutta Proceedings of the 2026 6th International Conference on Image Processing and Capsule Networks Icipcn 2026, 2026 Eye tracking technologies have emerged as a groundbreaking technology in assessing and facilitating communication in patients with disorders of consciousness, including patients in a coma. Traditional methods of diagnosis rely on behaviour responses, which are non-existent or very minimal, thereby resulting in misdiagnosis or delayed intervention. Eye tracking provides an objective, non-intrusive means to measure ocular movement, visual interest, and response patterns, which may enable clinicians to make inferences regarding cognitive processing and residual consciousness. Furthermore, these devices provide a window of opportunity for the creation of minimum communication, enabling patients to communicate needs or preferences utilizing gaze-supported interfaces. This paper discusses current eye tracking systems, their application in the clinical field, and the prospect of applying them in the integration of these devices into conventional diagnostic and therapeutic routines. The findings stress that eye tracking not only enhances diagnostic accuracy but offers a platform for patient-centred communication, which eventually contributes to improved clinical outcomes and quality of life. Of the methods discussed (EOG, VOG, and infrared), infrared eye-tracking system had the best overall balance of spatial precision, responsiveness, and patient comfort and thus functioned best for diagnostic detection and communication based on gaze in this population.
Systematic Analysis of Cybersecurity Attacks and Evaluation of Mitigation Strategies Ishan Chowdhury, Somnath Sinha, Binayak Dutta 2026 IEEE 15th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies Csnt 2026, 2026 There are established frameworks in place to address the problem, such as OWASP, MITRE ATT&CK, but web applications and critical infrastructure keep suffering from a rapidly growing and increasingly complex threat. This paper shows a systematic empirical analysis on 14,133 records in total of 63 security categories, and it shows that the most frequent attack vectors are Hardware Interface Exploitation (161 cases), Wireless Attacks Advanced (95 cases), PLC Attacks (26 cases), Use-After-Free (22 cases), and Stack Overflow (20 cases). Statistical validation through chi-square testing (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\chi^{2}=756580,\ p<0.001$</tex>) indicates non-random attack-category relationships, in which uniform one-size-fits-all defenses are rejected. To fill in gaps in understanding, we propose two novel frameworks: the Category-Adaptive Defense Framework (CADF) that produces frequency-weighted, category-specific mitigation playbooks based upon empirical distributions, and Multi-Phase Intelligence (MPI), a closed-loop adaptive defense architecture with phases of prediction, adaptation, and response. Backtesting of the entire dataset shows efficiency improvements of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{4 0 - 7 3 \%}$</tex> over static controls for smaller and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) where CADF achieves a playbook coverage of 62 % vs 28 % in static OWASP controls and MPI reduces dwell time by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{7 3 \%}$</tex> (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{4 7}$</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{1 3}$</tex> days, mean dwell time).
Comparative Performance Evaluation of GEO, MEO, and LEO Satellite Networks under Traffic Attacks Somnath Sinha, Austin C Sajan, Binayak Dutta 2025 17th IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks Cicn 2025, 2025 This paper presents a comparative evaluation of geostationary (GEO), medium-earth orbit (MEO), and low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations under realistic traffic attack models. We use OMNeT++ v6.1 with the INET-4.5 framework for simulation and Python for analysis. Key performance metrics include end-to-end latency, throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and resource utilization measured under normal and attack conditions. Our results indicate that MEO yields the highest throughput and resource utilization, while LEO offers the lowest latency. We provide a clear description of the simulation conditions, attack models, and statistical methods used to evaluate resilience under degraded operation.
Comparative Analysis of Noise Generated in BGV Homomorphic Encryption: Lattigo vs FHEgen Parameters Jethro Jarvis Roy Jyrwa, Somnath Sinha, Binayak Dutta 4th International Conference on Automation Computing and Renewable Systems Icacrs 2025 Proceedings, 2025 Post-quantum cryptography has emerged as a critical field following advances in quantum computing that threaten classical encryption schemes such as RSA and ECC. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), particularly the Brakerski–Gentry– Vaikuntanathan (BGV) scheme based on the Ring Learning with Errors (RLWE) problem, provides a promising solution for secure computations on encrypted data. A fundamental challenge in BGV implementations is the growth of noise during homomorphic operations, which must remain below a decryption threshold to ensure correctness. This study presents a comparative analysis of noise generation in BGV implementations using two distinct parameter selection approaches: Lattigo’s pre-validated generic parameters and FHEgen’s automatically generated application-specific parameters. Through empirical measurements using Lattigo v6.1.1, we evaluated five parameter sets across initial noise after encryption, noise expansion during homomorphic multiplication, and overall noise growth patterns. Our results demonstrate that Lattigo N13 achieves marginally lower post-multiplication noise (0.0587 log<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> bits, or 4.15% lower in magnitude), though FHEgen achieves substantially higher verified security (210 bits vs. 50–60 bits). However, Lattigo’s range of pre-validated parameters (LogN = 12 to LogN = 15) offers greater flexibility for varying computational depths. We conclude that the choice between parameter selection approaches depends on application requirements: FHEgen is preferable for well-defined computational needs with noise optimization priorities, while Lattigo is advantageous when flexibility and extensive validation are critical. This work provides practical insights for FHE practitioners in selecting parameters that balance security, noise management, and computational efficiency.
Analyzing the Role of LIME and SHAP in Explainable DoS Attack Detection for IoT Systems Aditi Paul, Sweety Kumari, Nipun R Navadia, Somnath Sinha 4th International Conference on Automation Computing and Renewable Systems Icacrs 2025 Proceedings, 2025 Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) based tools such as SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) and LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) are extensively used in various detection and prediction approaches. These tools extract feature importance from the datasets and explain the contribution of the features (feature importance) towards detection /prediction output both locally and globally. In the current study a performance analysis is represented on the behaviour of LIME and SHAP explainability towards Denial-of-Service Attack detection in Internet of Things. There are numerous Black-box models including Machine Learning which show high detection accuracies in such case but the output is not interpretable by the security analyst most of the time. this drawback is overcome by introducing LIME and SHAP interpretability to the output of BlackBox model by analysing feature importance of the attack dataset towards detection accuracy. However, LIME and SHAPE has different behaviour towards model-interpretability. SHAP is powerful in global explanation where LIME works efficiently on local interpretation. We have shown that these two different tools perform on same detection accuracies of DoS attack using Machine learning model. A random forest classifier is first selected with high detection accuracy on a simulated DoS attack dataset and at the output SHAP and LIME are executed for achieving both local and global explainability. The comparison shows how SHAP and LIME show strength and weakness in explaining model’s behaviour both locally and globally.
Explainable Intrusion Detection System for Internet of Things-explainability with reliability Aditi Paul, Sweety Kumari, Nipun R Navadia, Somnath Sinha Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Soft Computing for Security Applications Icscsa 2025, 2025 Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) (X-IDS) has transformed the traditional IDS into interpretable and transparent system with the goal of providing interpretable justification for IDS models. XAI is now being used to extract more appropriate features for specific cyber-attacks. The black-box model of ML based IDS is not capable of giving reason for false positive to the cyber defense personnel. XAI tools reduces this abstraction by locally interpreting the model’s behaviour at some datapoints along with global interpretability. This article proposes an explainable IDS by using XAI tools. We used SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to identify the variations in feature importance of selected ML based IDSs and explain the variations of their detection accuracies. Also, we have shown that with same dataset, feature importance varies differently with different ML models. This leads us to the conclusion that specific set of features are required for specific ML models while other can be discarded. The explainability proposed in this study also help to select less set of features to overcome time of execution and cost.
Reinforcement Learning for Quantum Phase Estimation Using Deep Q-Network Sundharess B, Vikash Krishna R, Gopika SS, Somnath Sinha, Cecil Donald, Aditi Paul 2025 IEEE Madhya Pradesh Section Conference Mpcon 2025, 2025 Quantum Phase Estimation(QPE) is a fundamental quantum algorithm that is used for the estimation of eigenphases of unitary operators. Its main goal is to determine the phase associated with each eigenstate. Usually, it take steps such as prepare quantum states, apply controlled unitaries, inverse quantum fourier transformation, and measurement. This study uses the OpenAI Gym framework to build a customized QPE environment. Here, the phase of a randomly generated target unitary operator is estimated using a quantum circuit. Through interaction with this environment, the DQN agent learns the best course of action to increase phase estimation accuracy. It exhibits more flexibility in noisy environments and reduces estimating mistakes. With its insights and approaches for further study in this area, this effort represents a significant advancement in the use of Deep Reinforcement Learning in quantum computing. A Comparative analysis between IBM Quantum(ibm kyiv) and the Aer Simulator on the OpenAI Gym environment using RL agents has been done.
Unveiling the Dynamics: A Performance Analysis of RPL under Congestion in IoT Network 15th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2024, 2024
Enhancing Movie Genre Classification through Emotional Intensity Detection: An Improvised Machine Learning Approach 15th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2024, 2024
Offline RSSI based Object Detection in 802.11 Akash K H, Akhil K M, Somnath Sinha 4th International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications Icirca 2022 Proceedings, 2022
Energy optimization in multiple sensors based WSN Abhishek P Jain, Dennis Kumar M, Nair Amarnath, Allan A Crown, Somnath Sinha 2022 IEEE Conference on Interdisciplinary Approaches in Technology and Management for Social Innovation Iatmsi 2022, 2022
Hybrid IoT based Hazard Detection System for Buildings B. L. Nisarga, S. Manishankar, Somnath Sinha, Sindhu Shekar Proceedings of the International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems Icesc 2020, 2020
A customised approach for reducing energy consumption in wireless sensor network International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
Flooding attack in wireless sensor network-analysis and prevention International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2019
A research on the malicious node detection in wireless sensor network International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2019
An efficient scheduling algorithm to improve the use of resources in cloud International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2019
A performance booster for load balancing in cloud computing with my load balancer techinique International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2019
A soft computing approach to analyse aodv routing protocol International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019
RSSI-based localization system in wireless sensor network International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2019
Black hole attack in mobile ad hoc network – analysis and detection International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 2019
Systematic Analysis of Cybersecurity Attacks and Evaluation of Mitigation Strategies I Chowdhury, S Sinha, B Dutta 2026 IEEE 15th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network … , 2026 2026
Synergistic Defense: An Intelligent IPS Framework Integrating Supervised Learning with Cyber Deception for Botnet Neutralization D Chandiramani, S Sinha, B Dutta 2026 IEEE Madhya Pradesh Section Conference (MPCON), 585-589 , 2026 2026
Enhancement Of Intrusion Detection System In Explainable Artificial Intelligence PM Anupama, S Sinha INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN SIGNAL AND IMAGE SCIENCES, 1536-1556 , 2026 2026
Infrared Eye Tracking: Unlocking Communication Pathways for Coma Patients S Sinha, B Dutta 2026 6th International Conference on Image Processing and Capsule Networks … , 2026 2026
Comparative Performance Evaluation of GEO, MEO, and LEO Satellite Networks Under Traffic Attacks S Sinha, AC Sajan, B Dutta 2025 IEEE 17th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and … , 2025 2025
Reducing Delay and Network Load through Adaptive Threshold-Based Rate Control in IoT Systems P Singh, S Sinha, B Dutta 2025 1st International Conference on Advancement in Futuristic Technologies … , 2025 2025
Comparative Analysis of Noise Generated in BGV Homomorphic Encryption: Lattigo vs FHEgen Parameters JJR Jyrwa, S Sinha, B Dutta 2025 4th International Conference on Automation, Computing and Renewable … , 2025 2025
Analyzing the Role of LIME and SHAP in Explainable DoS Attack Detection for IoT Systems A Paul, S Kumari, NR Navadia, S Sinha 2025 4th International Conference on Automation, Computing and Renewable … , 2025 2025
Reinforcement Learning for Quantum Phase Estimation Using Deep Q-Network B Sundharess, SS Gopika 2025 IEEE Madhya Pradesh Section Conference (MPCON), 316-321 , 2025 2025
Explainable Intrusion Detection System for Internet of Things-explainability with reliability A Paul, S Kumari, NR Navadia, S Sinha 2025 5th International Conference on Soft Computing for Security … , 2025 2025
A Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for detecting Cross-layer DoS attacks in IoT A Paul, S Sinha, S Mishra Wireless Personal Communications, 1-24 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
95 Overview of Cyber Security in Intelligent and Sustainable Manufacturing A Paul, S Sinha, P Kumar, S Choudhary, K Samdani, S Mishra Handbook of Intelligent and Sustainable Manufacturing: Tools, Principles … , 2025 2025
MMOF: A Multi-Metric Objective Function for Congestion Detection Under Varying Transmission Ranges in RPL-Based WSN V Srivastava, A Paul, S Sinha SN Computer Science 5 (8), 1112 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Traffic Optimization and Route Detection Based on Air Quality and Pollution Level B Sarkar, D Mukherjee, J Mukherjee, S Sinha 2024 IEEE 13th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network … , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Enhancing Mobility: A Smart Cane with Integrated Navigation System and Voice-Assisted Guidance for the Visually Impaired M D S, G Niveditha, NA Pinto, S Sinha 2024 IEEE 13th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network … , 2024 2024 Citations: 11
Overview of Cyber Security in Intelligent and Sustainable Manufacturing A Paul, S Sinha, P Kumar, S Choudhary, K Samdani, S Mishra Handbook of Intelligent and Sustainable Manufacturing, 95-118 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Unveiling the Dynamics: A Performance Analysis of RPL under Congestion in IoT Network. V Srivastava, A Paul, S Sinha Grenze International Journal of Engineering & Technology (GIJET) 10 , 2024 2024
Enhancing Movie Genre Classification through Emotional Intensity Detection: An Improvised Machine Learning Approach. M Mehta, S Sinha, N Singhal Grenze International Journal of Engineering & Technology (GIJET) 10 , 2024 2024
AI based seamless vehicle license plate recognition using Raspberry Pi technology A Abreo, C Mayur, S Sinha 2024 IEEE 13th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network … , 2024 2024 Citations: 8
A Machine Learning-Based Cross-Layer DoS Attack Detection Technique for IoT A Paul, S Chaudhary, S Sinha International Conference on Emerging Trends and Technologies on Intelligent … , 2024 2024
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Neuro-fuzzy based intrusion detection system for wireless sensor network S Sinha, A Paul Wireless personal communications 114 (1), 835-851 , 2020 2020 Citations: 67
Self-localization in large scale wireless sensor network using machine learning KM Akhil, S Sinha 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology … , 2020 2020 Citations: 57
Flooding attack in wireless sensor network-analysis and prevention HN Lakshmi, S Anand, S Sinha International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 8 (5), 1792-1796 , 2019 2019 Citations: 38
A neuro-fuzzy based IDS for internet-integrated WSN A Paul, S Sinha, RN Shaw, A Ghosh Computationally intelligent systems and their applications, 71-86 , 2021 2021 Citations: 32
Computer graphics S Sinha, A Paul Alpha Science International, Limited , 2018 2018 Citations: 29
RSSI-based localization system in wireless sensor network PC Anusha, S Anand, S Sinha International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 8 (5) , 2019 2019 Citations: 26
Rssi based improved weighted centroid localization algorithm in wsn S Sinha, S Ashwini 2021 2nd International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET), 1-4 , 2021 2021 Citations: 25
The sybil attack in Mobile Adhoc Network: Analysis and detection S Sinha, A Paul, S Pal Third International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Information … , 2013 2013 Citations: 25
An efficient method to detect sybil attack using trust based model A Paul, S Sinha, S Pal Proc. of Int. Conf. on Advances in Computer Science, AETACS, Elsevier , 2013 2013 Citations: 20
RSSI based positioning system for WSN with improved accuracy KM Akhil, K Seethalakshmi, S Sinha 2021 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication … , 2021 2021 Citations: 18
Impact of DoS attack in IoT system and identifying the attacker location for interference attacks S Sinha 2021 6th international conference on communication and electronics systems … , 2021 2021 Citations: 17
An educational based intelligent student stress prediction using ml S Sinha, R Sriram 2022 3rd International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET), 1-7 , 2022 2022 Citations: 16
Identifying Faulty Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network to Enhance Reliability SS Arun P Prabhan, Santosh Anand International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 8 (Issue-2) , 2019 2019 Citations: 16
An augmented reality assisted order picking system using IoT MK Nagda, S Sinha, E Poovammal International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8 (3), 744-749 , 2019 2019 Citations: 16
A customised approach for reducing energy consumption in wireless sensor network KM Krishnapriya, S Anand, S Sinha International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering … , 2019 2019 Citations: 15
A research on the malicious node detection in wireless sensor network S Nagarjun, S Anand, S Sinha International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2249-8958 , 2019 2019 Citations: 15
An intrusion detection and prevention system against DOS attacks for internet-integrated WSN BJS Kumar, S Sinha 2022 7th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems … , 2022 2022 Citations: 14
Performance analysis of received signal power-based Sybil detection in MANET using spline curve A Paul, S Sinha International Journal of Mobile Network Design and Innovation 7 (3-4), 222-232 , 2017 2017 Citations: 14
Network layer DoS Attack on IoT System and location identification of the attacker S Sinha 2021 Third International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing … , 2021 2021 Citations: 13
A novel neuro-fuzzy-based localisation system for WSN using node proximity AP Somnath Sinha Int. J. Internet Protocol Technology, 14 (1), 49-59 , 2021 2021 Citations: 13