S. CAROLINE

@sxcce.edu.in

Assistant Professor, ECE- Faculty
St. Xavier's Catholic College of Engineering

S. CAROLINE


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https://researchid.co/samalaric

RESEARCH INTERESTS

Power Electronics, Controller Design
6

Scopus Publications

10

Scholar Citations

2

Scholar h-index

Scopus Publications

  • Hybrid Salp Swarm FireFly Optimization-Based Speed Modulation of BLDC Motor
    S. Caroline, Hassan Alsberi, Mohamed M. Hassan, S. Anish
    Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers, 2026
    Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are becoming increasingly popular and are replacing brush motors in a variety of applications due to their improved mechanical and electrical features and simple design. This study proposes a unique hybrid FOPID controller optimized for Salp swarm FireFly (SSFFO) to address the controller tuning problem. This hybrid SSFFO-FOPID technique is intended to optimize speed controller performance under diverse operating conditions. Three-degree parameters, including torque, current and speed error values, can be optimized using an SSFFO to reduce both transient and steady-state responses. According to this study, a speed controller with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) mode is utilized to manage torque. The torque and speed of BLDC motors can be adjusted with the FOPID. The proposed controller design in MATLAB 2022a for the optimal BLDC motor speed control was developed using Simulink models. To validate the suggested controller, a simulation is conducted with the BLDC motor at several predetermined speeds. The proposed strategy has a settling time that is 58.15%, 61.23%, 77.43% and 82.05% shorter than that of LHHO, HGWO, WOA and CVOA, respectively.
  • Hybrid Aquila African Vulture Optimization Based Stability Enhanced DC-DC Boost Converter with Constant Power Load
    S. Jayashree, S. Caroline, K. M. Swarna Devi, D. Lokesh
    Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 2026
  • Intelligent Crop Monitoring and Protection System by Sensor Fusion in Agriculture Fields Using IoT
    S. Caroline, J. Sam Alaric
    Aip Conference Proceedings, 2025
  • Deep and Hybrid Ensemble Learning Methods for Enhanced Live-Birth Prediction in Fertility Treatments
    Rituraj Jain, Uma Shankar, G V Radhakrishnan, Saroj Date, Kamal Upreti, S Caroline, Ramesh Babu P, Mohit Dayal
    Informatica Slovenia, 2025
    The prediction of live birth outcomes using Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) remains a complex task owing to the high inter-patient variability and non-linear clinical interactions. This study presents a comparative evaluation of hybrid machine-learning models to improve in vitro fertilization (IVF) success prediction using a real-world anonymized dataset of 2,000 ART cases. After pre-processing (including missing value imputation, feature selection via Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation, and class balancing using SMOTE with k=5), four hybrid models were developed: stacking with XGBoost as the meta-learner, weighted ensemble, autoencoder-based feature fusion, and cascading classifiers. Models were evaluated using accuracy, AUC, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics, and compared against a baseline Random Forest classifier. The stacking model (XGBoost with Random Forest, MLP, and SVM base learners) achieved the best performance, with an accuracy and 0.999 AUC of 0.985. The weighted hybrid ensemble followed an accuracy of 0.953 and AUC of 0.994. The statistical significance of the improvements was confirmed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and McNemar’s tests (p < 0.05). To enhance model transparency, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was applied to interpret base model contributions in the stacking architecture. These results support the application of AI-driven hybrid modelling for personalized IVF treatment planning. Future work will focus on prospective validation and clinical decision support system (CDSS) integration to assess deployment feasibility.
  • A grey wolf optimized 15-level inverter design with confined switching components
    S. Caroline, M. Marsaline Beno
    Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing, 2022
    Multilevel inverters are a new class of dc-ac converters designed for high-power medium voltage and power applications as they work at high switching frequencies and in renewable applications by avoiding stresses like dv/dt and has low harmonic distortion in their output voltage. In variable speed drives and power generation systems, the use of multilevel inverters is obligatory. To estimate the switching positions in inverter configuration with low harmonic distortion value, a fast sequential optimization algorithm has been established. For harmonic reduction in multilevel inverter design, a hybrid optimization technique combining Firefly and the Genetic algorithm was used. In several real-time systems and for solving complex engineering problems, optimization approaches are gaining popularity. Based on Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), this research paper proposes a novel multilevel inverter architecture. The GWO algorithm is based on the natural leadership hierarchy and hunting mechanism of grey wolves (Canis lupus). The Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm is used to find the best switching angles for a cascaded multilevel inverter in order to eliminate some high order harmonics while sustaining the desired fundamental voltage. The proposed inverter has 15 stages, and the circuit’s unique feature includes a limited switching device. This proposed method comprises, MOSFET-based switches well as three DC sources in the main circuit. The switching parameters of the inverter topology are tuned using GWO in this methodology. The THD value of the proposed system is reduced to 6.629% compared to that of Multilevel Inverter using Genetic Algorithm, standalone power supply, Firefly assisted Genetic Algorithm, hybrid APSO algorithm, DC voltage regulation and FPGA. A few simulation studies have been included in this paper to affirm the capability of the hybrid topologies with various condition parameters, dynamic changes, and modulation indexes.
  • A Shared-Aperture Frequency Reconfigurable Multiport Antenna Using Switches
    N. Saranya, S. Caroline
    2019 International Conference on Recent Advances in Energy Efficient Computing and Communication Icraecc 2019, 2019
    Frequency reconfigurable antennas has made a great impact for the increasing demand for higher antenna capabilities since they can operate at tunable narrow frequency bands while rejecting the undesirable signals from other bands. The aim of this project is to study and design frequency reconfigurable antennas for Global Positioning System and satellite applications. In these applications, it is required to have a single antenna that can be adaptively reconfigurable to transmit or receive on multiple frequency bands. The antenna that is chosen in this project is a microstrip antenna. Since microstrip antenna has low gain and directivity, the aim of this project is to improve gain and directivity by making using of a square ring technique. A square ring microstrip patch antenna is designed not only to improve the gain and the directivity but also to reduce the size of the microstrip patch antenna. The square ring antenna is made to operate at L/C-band. Cantilever switches are used in the design to select the frequency. The analysis of reconfigurable antenna using Cantilever switches is done using the simulation performed on Ansys HFSS electromagnetic simulator. The analysis is done in terms of return loss, gain, directivity, VSWR and radiated power. It is observed that this antenna shows frequency reconfigurability at 1.8GHz and 5.4GHz.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Hybrid Salp Swarm FireFly Optimization-Based Speed Modulation of BLDC Motor
    S Caroline, H Alsberi, MM Hassan, S Anish
    Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 2550477 , 2026
    2026.0
  • Hybrid Aquila African Vulture Optimization Based Stability Enhanced DC-DC Boost Converter with Constant Power Load
    S Jayashree, S Caroline, KM Swarna Devi, D Lokesh
    Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology 21 (1), 735-747 , 2026
    2026.0
    Citations: 1
  • Intelligent crop monitoring and protection system by sensor fusion in agriculture fields using IoT
    S Caroline, JS Alaric
    AIP Conference Proceedings 3137 (1), 020032 , 2025
    2025.0
  • Deep-Fir: Deep Learning based Butterfly Optimized Regression Network for Fast Image Retrieval
    S Caroline, VSL Harshitha
    International Journal of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence 2 (05 … , 2024
    2024.0
    Citations: 2
  • Prevention of fire and hunting in forests using machine learning for sustainable forest management
    JSAAA S. Caroline1*
    BOHR International Journal of Internet of things, Artificial Intelligence … , 2023
    2023.0
  • FACEMASK MONITORING SYSTEM
    YB CAROLIE S , SAM ALARIC J
    IJCESR 8 (11), 11 - 18 , 2021
    2021.0
  • A Grey Wolf Optimized 15-Level Inverter Design with Confined Switching Components
    MMB S. Caroline
    Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing 31 (3), 1753-1769 , 2021
    2021.0
  • Comparison on Design and Simulation of Multilevel Inverters
    MMB S.Caroline
    Solid State Technology 64 (2), 905 - 914 , 2021
    2021.0
    Citations: 3
  • MULTILEVEL BANK SECURITY WITH MASTER AUTHENTICATION OVER INTERNET
    JSA S.Caroline , Yohannes Bekuma
    International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management 4 (11) , 2020
    2020.0
  • OBSTACLE AVOIDING VOICE CONTROLLED BLUETOOTH CAR USING ARDUINO
    JSA S.Caroline , Yohannes Bekuma
    International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and … , 2020
    2020.0
  • A Shared-Aperture Frequency Reconfigurable Multiport Antenna Using Switches
    NA SARANYA, S CAROLINE
    2019 International Conference on Recent Advances in Energy-efficient … , 2020
    2020.0
    Citations: 1
  • IoT Driven Defence Vehicle System
    DJR R. Abhishek, S. Caroline
    2019 International Conference on Recent Advances in Energy-efficient … , 2019
    2019.0
    Citations: 3
  • A TRAFFIC LIGHT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM USING COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY
    SC Jenisha D
    Journal - ICON, 66 - 71 , 2019
    2019.0
  • 'Power Quality Enhancement using Cascaded ESL - Quasi Z source multilevel inverter
    S Caroline
    Emerging trends in Engineering & Technology , 2016
    2016.0
  • Video De-interlacing with Scene Change Detection Based on 3D Wavelet Transform
    SC M. Nancy Regina
    International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and … , 2015
    2015.0
  • Modeling of photovoltaic switched inductor Z source multilevel inverter effective of power factor control
    KMS J. Sam Alaric, S.Caroline
    International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 9 (23) , 2014
    2014.0
  • Electric Circuits and Electron Devices
    SC A. Milton
    Trisea Publications, Nagercoil , 2012
    2012.0
  • International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management
    D CITY

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Comparison on Design and Simulation of Multilevel Inverters
    MMB S.Caroline
    Solid State Technology 64 (2), 905 - 914 , 2021
    2021.0
    Citations: 3
  • IoT Driven Defence Vehicle System
    DJR R. Abhishek, S. Caroline
    2019 International Conference on Recent Advances in Energy-efficient … , 2019
    2019.0
    Citations: 3
  • Deep-Fir: Deep Learning based Butterfly Optimized Regression Network for Fast Image Retrieval
    S Caroline, VSL Harshitha
    International Journal of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence 2 (05 … , 2024
    2024.0
    Citations: 2
  • Hybrid Aquila African Vulture Optimization Based Stability Enhanced DC-DC Boost Converter with Constant Power Load
    S Jayashree, S Caroline, KM Swarna Devi, D Lokesh
    Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology 21 (1), 735-747 , 2026
    2026.0
    Citations: 1
  • A Shared-Aperture Frequency Reconfigurable Multiport Antenna Using Switches
    NA SARANYA, S CAROLINE
    2019 International Conference on Recent Advances in Energy-efficient … , 2020
    2020.0
    Citations: 1
  • Hybrid Salp Swarm FireFly Optimization-Based Speed Modulation of BLDC Motor
    S Caroline, H Alsberi, MM Hassan, S Anish
    Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 2550477 , 2026
    2026.0
  • Intelligent crop monitoring and protection system by sensor fusion in agriculture fields using IoT
    S Caroline, JS Alaric
    AIP Conference Proceedings 3137 (1), 020032 , 2025
    2025.0
  • Prevention of fire and hunting in forests using machine learning for sustainable forest management
    JSAAA S. Caroline1*
    BOHR International Journal of Internet of things, Artificial Intelligence … , 2023
    2023.0
  • FACEMASK MONITORING SYSTEM
    YB CAROLIE S , SAM ALARIC J
    IJCESR 8 (11), 11 - 18 , 2021
    2021.0
  • A Grey Wolf Optimized 15-Level Inverter Design with Confined Switching Components
    MMB S. Caroline
    Intelligent Automation and Soft Computing 31 (3), 1753-1769 , 2021
    2021.0
  • MULTILEVEL BANK SECURITY WITH MASTER AUTHENTICATION OVER INTERNET
    JSA S.Caroline , Yohannes Bekuma
    International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management 4 (11) , 2020
    2020.0
  • OBSTACLE AVOIDING VOICE CONTROLLED BLUETOOTH CAR USING ARDUINO
    JSA S.Caroline , Yohannes Bekuma
    International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and … , 2020
    2020.0
  • A TRAFFIC LIGHT DETECTION AND ALERT SYSTEM USING COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY
    SC Jenisha D
    Journal - ICON, 66 - 71 , 2019
    2019.0
  • 'Power Quality Enhancement using Cascaded ESL - Quasi Z source multilevel inverter
    S Caroline
    Emerging trends in Engineering & Technology , 2016
    2016.0
  • Video De-interlacing with Scene Change Detection Based on 3D Wavelet Transform
    SC M. Nancy Regina
    International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and … , 2015
    2015.0
  • Modeling of photovoltaic switched inductor Z source multilevel inverter effective of power factor control
    KMS J. Sam Alaric, S.Caroline
    International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 9 (23) , 2014
    2014.0
  • Electric Circuits and Electron Devices
    SC A. Milton
    Trisea Publications, Nagercoil , 2012
    2012.0
  • International Journal of Engineering Technology Research & Management
    D CITY