Mary Vinola Jenifer. S
@srmdentalcollege.ac.in
Senior lecturer, Department of conservative dentistry and endodontics
SRM Dental College Ramapuram
RESEARCH INTERESTS
dentistry, endodontics, aesthetics, root canal sealers
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Selvanathan MJ Vinola and Sekar Mahalaxmi
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background AH Plus, an epoxy resin-based sealer, is widely used in endodontic practice, owing to its good physical properties that confers longstanding dimensional stability and good adhesion to dentin. Nevertheless, its propensity to trigger inflammation, especially in its freshly mixed state, has been extensively documented. Phytochemicals such as Petasin, Pachymic acid, Curcumin, and Shilajit are known for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. This study aimed to analyze and determine the effect of these natural products on the physical properties of AH Plus sealer when incorporated with the sealer. Methods AH Plus (AHR) sealer was mixed with 10% petasin, 0.75% pachymic, 0.5% and 6%shilajit to obtain AHP, AHA, AHC and AHS in the ratio of 10:1 and 5:1 respectively. Five samples of each material were assessed for setting time, solubility, flow, and dimensional stability in accordance with the ISO 6876:2012 standardization. Sealers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Statistical evaluation involved the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks tests for normality and the one-way ANOVA test for analysis. Results In this investigation, the characterisation analysis revealed a relatively similar microstructure in all the experimental root canal sealers. All experimental groups, excluding the control group, exhibited an increase in flow ranging from 11.9 to 31.4% at a 10:1 ratio. Similarly, for the 5:1 ratio, the increase ranged from 12.02 to 31.83%. In terms of dimensional stability, all groups at the 10:1 ratio showed a decrease compared to the control group. The addition of natural agents to AHR in 10:1 ratio led to a reduction in setting time by 8.9–31.6%, and at a 5:1 ratio, the reduction ranged from 8.1 to 31.5%. However, regarding solubility, the addition of natural agents did not induce any significant alterations. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that all tested root canal sealers exhibited properties that met the acceptable criteria outlined in the ISO 6876:2012 standardization.
Apoorva Sharma, Kavitha Sanjeev, Vinola M. J. Selvanathan, Mahalaxmi Sekar, and Nikhil Harikrishnan
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background Freshly mixed root canal sealers when proximate the periapical tissues, trigger varying degrees of cytotoxicity/inflammatory reactions. Simvastatin, a class of the drug statin, is a widely used cholesterol-lowering agent with additional anti-inflammatory activities. This study assessed the effects of simvastatin on cytotoxicity and the release of IL-6 (Interleukin-6) production when incorporated in zinc oxide eugenol and methacrylate resin-based sealers. Methods Experimental groups consisted of conventional zinc oxide eugenol and methacrylate based-EndoREZ sealers (ZE & ER respectively) and 0.5 mg/mL simvastatin incorporated sealers (ZES & ERS). L929 mouse fibroblast cells were exposed to freshly mixed experimental sealers and evaluated for cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and inflammation levels (inflammatory marker IL-6 for ELISA) at various time intervals (0h, 24h and 7th day). The values were compared to the cell control (CC; L929 cells alone) and solvent control (SC; L929 cells + DMSO) groups. All the experiments were conducted in triplicates and subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics software. Non parametric tests were conducted using Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests for inter-group and intra-group comparisons respectively. Pairwise comparison was conducted by post hoc Dunn test followed by Bonferroni correction. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results All the experimental groups (ZE, ER, ZES, ERS) exhibited varying degree of cytotoxicity and IL-6 expression compared to the control groups CC and SC. The cell viability for ZE and ER decreased on day 7 as compared to 24 h. ZES and ERS had higher viable cells (75.93% & 79.90%) compared to ZE and ER (54.39% & 57.84%) at all time periods. Increased expression of IL-6 was observed in ZE & ER (25.49 pg/mL & 23.14 pg/mL) when compared to simvastatin incorporated ZE & ER (ZES-12.70 pg/mL & ERS-14.68 pg/mL) at all time periods. Highest level of cytotoxicity and inflammation was observed in ZE compared to all the other groups on day 7. Conclusions Addition of 0.5 mg/mL of simvastatin to the sealers (ZES and ERS) decreased the cytotoxicity in the freshly mixed state and reduces their inflammatory effect.
SelvanathanM J. Vinola, Kittappa Karthikeyan, Apoorva Sharma, Sai Sudheshna, and Mahalaxmi Sekar
Medknow
Background: The eugenol from zinc oxide eugenol (ZnOE) sealer tends to diffuse to the periapical region resulting in inflammation. Several modifications of ZnOE sealer have been formulated to minimize the inflammatory potential of the ZnOE sealer. Petasites hybridus contains petasin which possesses anti-inflammatory property used in treatment of migraine and allergic rhinitis. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of petasin-incorporated ZnOE sealer on zebrafish. Materials and Methods: The study has been reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (SRMU/MandHS/SRMDC/2018/S/025) and by the in-house Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of Pentagrit Research Lab and conducted with compliance to ICH harmonization and principles for animal housing and handling (IAEC Study No: 215/Go06/IAEC). The samples were implanted in the caudal portion of the zebrafish. The samples (n = 50) were divided into five groups (n = 10) – Group 1: incision only (negative control), Group 2: zinc oxide (ZnO) (positive control), Group 3: ZnO + eugenol and petasin in ratio of 10:1, Group 4: ZnO + eugenol and petasin in ratio of 5:1, and Group 5: ZnO + eugenol and petasin in ratio of 1:1. The experimental groups were further subdivided into two subgroups based on time intervals at 24 h and 48 h. The tissue samples were assessed using smear pathology test, and the percentage of inflammation was evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0 with a significance level fixed as 5% (α = 0.05). Results: The presence of inflammatory cells and congestion of arterioles were taken as the criteria to assess inflammatory action. It was maximum in ZnOE sealer followed by ZnOE sealer modified with the addition of petasin to eugenol in the ratio of 10:1, 5:1, and 1:1, respectively. Conclusion: The addition of petasin extract to ZnOE reduces the inflammation potential of ZnOE sealers. ZnOE sealer containing eugenol and petasin in the ratio of 1:1 showed a maximal reduction in inflammation.
SelvanathanM J. Vinola, Kittappa Karthikeyan, and Sekar Mahalaxmi
Medknow
Objective: Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) is one of the most commonly used root canal sealer. However, it has few drawbacks such as cytotoxicity, solubility, and irritation to periapical tissues. The scope of this study was to investigate the setting time, solubility, cytotoxic effects, and anti-inflammatory action of ZOE sealer with the modification of its liquid component by the addition of petasin extract in the ratios 1:1, 5:1, and 10:1. Materials and Methods: Setting time was evaluated using the Vicat's apparatus. For testing solubility, the American Dental Association's specification #8 was adopted with certain modifications. Protein denaturation assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay with L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory property and cytotoxicity, respectively. Results: ZOE sealer with petasin extract in the ratio of 5:1 showed the least initial and the final setting times. There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of solubility for all the groups at the various time intervals. The cytotoxicity of the control group was significantly greater than all the experimental groups, whereas the anti-inflammatory effect of the former was statistically lower. Conclusions: The combination of ZOE with petasin extract in the ratio of 5:1 showed lower setting time, cytotoxicity, and better anti-inflammatory property.