Abdelkhalek Chellakhi

Scopus Publications

Innovative hybrid GA-optimized ANN-based MPPT and hybrid super-twisting second-order sliding mode control for enhanced energy extraction and voltage stability in an isolated DC microgrid
Hajar Akli, Hassan Abouobaida, Youssef Mchaouar, Ambe Harrison, Abdelmoghit Fathelkhair, Khadija Oualifi, Abdelkhalek Chellakhi
Computers and Electrical Engineering, 2026
A novel sensor-free MPPT with anti-windup PI control using single voltage sensing for photovoltaic systems
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Mouncef El Marghichi, Ayoub Еl Bakri, Abdelilah Hilali, Said Еl Beid, Ismail Boumhidi
Results in Engineering, 2025
• Novеl MPPT algorithm еliminatеs costly currеnt sеnsors, rеlying solеly on a singlе voltagе sеnsor to cut systеm cost and complеxity. • Achiеvеs 99.71% tracking еfficacy, nеar-zеro powеr ripplе, and an ultra-fast 0.018-sеcond rеsponsе timе—outpеrforming convеntional mеthods. • Combinеs zonе-basеd tracking with an Anti-Windup PI controllеr for rapid, prеcisе MPP dеtеction undеr dynamic conditions. • Surpassеs P&O (7.11%), IC (3.69%), and ZV (0.69%) in еfficiеncy, convеrgеncе spееd, and stability. • A cost-еffеctivе, low-complеxity solution idеal for off-grid PV, solar vеhiclеs, and spacе applications, bridging simulation and dеploymеnt. Photovoltaic (PV) systеms rеquirе еfficiеnt maximum powеr point tracking (MPPT) algorithms to optimizе еnеrgy harvеst, but convеntional mеthods (е.g., Pеrturb & Obsеrvе, Incrеmеntal Conductancе) facе challеngеs such as slow convеrgеncе, stеady-statе oscillations, and rеliancе on costly currеnt sеnsors. This study proposеs a novеl sеnsor-frее MPPT algorithm that еliminatеs currеnt sеnsors, rеducing systеm cost and complеxity whilе improving pеrformancе. Thе mеthod combinеs a zonе-basеd tracking stratеgy with an Anti-Windup proportional-intеgral (PI) controllеr, rеquiring only a singlе voltagе sеnsor to rapidly idеntify thе maximum powеr point (MPP) with minimal itеrations. MATLAB/Simulink simulations undеr varying еnvironmеntal conditions dеmonstratе thе algorithm’s supеriority: 99.85% tracking еfficacy (TЕFF), 0.018-sеcond rеsponsе timе, and 0.46% rеlativе tracking еrror (RTЕ)—outpеrforming P&O (7.11%), IC (3.69%), and Zonе Voltagе (0.69%). Powеr ripplеs arе nеgligiblе, еnsuring stablе opеration. Thе proposеd approach offеrs a cost-еffеctivе, robust, and computationally еfficiеnt solution for off-grid and standalonе PV systеms, with potеntial applications in solar vеhiclеs, hybrid systеms, and spacе tеchnologiеs. By sеtting a nеw bеnchmark in MPPT dеsign, this work bridgеs thе gap bеtwееn simulation and rеal-world dеploymеnt. Futurе rеsеarch will focus on hardwarе validation to furthеr vеrify practicality.
A Real-Time Investigation of an Enhanced Variable Step PO MPPT Controller for Photovoltaic Systems Using dSPACE 1104 Board
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid
Energies, 2025
This paper aims to maximize the performance of photovoltaic generators under varying atmospheric conditions by employing an improved variable-step current perturbation Perturb and Observe (IVSCP-PO) MPPT controller. The proposed approach overcomes the limitations of traditional controllers and significantly enhances tracking efficiency. The IVSCP-PO controller locates the maximum power point (MPP) using current perturbation instead of voltage perturbation and employs a variable step iteration based on input variables such as power, voltage, and current for better adjustment of the boost converter’s duty ratio. Comprehensive simulations demonstrate the tracking effectiveness of the IVSCP-PO approach under varied and severe temperature and solar intensity conditions. The results indicate that the IVSCP-PO controller outperforms traditional and recently published methods by avoiding drift and oscillation and minimizing power loss. This translates to maximized static and dynamic tracking efficiencies, reaching 99.99% and 99.98%, respectively. Additionally, the IVSCP-PO controller boasts a record-breaking average tracking time of just 0.002 s, a substantial improvement over traditional and improved PO methods ranging from 0.036 to 0.6 s. To further validate these results, experiments were conducted using the dSPACE 1104 board, demonstrating the superior accuracy and effectiveness of the approach and providing a promising solution to optimize the performance of photovoltaic panels.
Accurate extraction of electrical parameters in three-diode photovoltaic systems through the enhanced mother tree methodology: A novel approach for parameter estimation
Mouncef El Marghichi, Abdelilah Hilali, Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Mohamed Makhad, Azeddine Loulijat, Najib El Ouanjli, Abdelhak Essounaini, Vikash Kumar Saini, Ameena Saad Al-Sumaiti
Plos One, 2025
Accurately simulating photovoltaic (PV) modules requires precise parameter extraction, a complex task due to the nonlinear nature of these systems. This study introduces the Mother Tree Optimization with Climate Change (MTO-CL) algorithm to address this challenge by enhancing parameter estimation for a solar PV three-diode model. MTO-CL improves optimization performance by incorporating climate change-inspired adaptations, which affect two key phases: elimination (refreshing 20% of suboptimal solutions) and distortion (slight adjustments to 80% of remaining solutions). This balance between exploration and exploitation allows the algorithm to dynamically and effectively identify optimal parameters. Compared to seven alternative methods, MTO-CL shows superior performance in parameter estimation for various solar modules, including ST40 and SM55, across different irradiances and temperatures. It achieves exceptionally low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values from 0.0025A to 0.0165A and Mean Squared Error (MSE) values between 6.2 × 10^−6 and 2.7 × 10^−4, while also significantly minimizing power errors, ranging from 22.86 mW to 239.40 mW. These results demonstrate MTO-CL’s effectiveness in improving the accuracy and reliability of PV system modeling, offering a robust tool for enhanced solar energy applications.
High-efficiency MPPT strategy for PV Systems: Ripple-free precision with comprehensive simulation and experimental validation
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid
Results in Engineering, 2024
• A newly developed MPPT algorithm is presented for improved tracking performance. • The proposed strategy uses an MPP voltage boundary to control the PV voltage and. • directly generate the required duty ratio, resulting in high convergence speed and zero MPP fluctuations. • It eliminates the output ripple problem of the boost converter. • The simulation and experimental results based on the MATLAB/Simulink and dSPACE. • DS1104 board platforms, respectively, demonstrate the robustness of the proposed. • strategy in the case of having a shorter response time, a lower ripple problem, and a higher tracking efficiency of 99.60 %. This paper presents a newly developed maximum power point (MPP) tracking algorithm (MPPT) to boost the tracking performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. By functioning PV arrays at their MPP and eliminating the ripple problem in the converter's output, the newly developed strategy can markedly improve the precision of tracking and overcome the issues faced by many existing algorithms. The proposed strategy uses an MPP voltage boundary to control the PV voltage and directly generate the required duty cycle using a mathematic expression, resulting in a high convergence speed, drift problem avoidance, and zero MPP fluctuations. To prove and validate the robustness of tracking of the suggested MPPT strategy, both simulation and experiment validations based on the MATLAB/Simulink and dSPACE DS1104 board platforms, respectively, are carried out under swift variations in solar irradiance. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated by comparing it to the InC algorithm in terms of tracking accuracy. The results from both simulations and experiments demonstrate that the suggested strategy surpasses the InC approach in multiple aspects. It exhibits a shorter response time, eliminates the ripple problem, and achieves a superior tracking efficiency of 99.60 %.
An amended low-cost indirect MPPT strategy with a PID controller for boosting PV system efficiency
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Mouncef El Marghichi, El Mahdi Bouabdalli
Results in Engineering, 2024
• This paper introduces an enhanced MPPT approach (IMP-IC) with a dynamic step-size adjustment mechanism for improved efficiency. • Employs current perturbation instead of the conventional voltage-based method, significantly boosting tracking performance. • Features low complexity, enabling easy implementation on a cost-effective Arduino Uno board. • Integrates a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller through optimized C++ code, streamlining the system by eliminating the need for separate PID blocks. • Delivers exceptional static and dynamic tracking efficiencies of 99.40 % and 99.88 %, respectively. • Exhibits superior tracking performance with notably reduced power losses and fluctuations compared to IC, ZV, FL, and NAS-INC techniques. • Provides a highly efficient, cost-effective MPPT solution for photovoltaic systems. Operating a photovoltaic (PV) array at its optimum power point (MPP) despite fluctuating weather conditions is challenging. However, tracking this point enhances system efficiency and energy yields. Various maximum power point tracker (MPPT) techniques have been developed, differing in convergence speed, tracking efficiency, and implementation complexity. The Incremental Conductance (IC) strategy is popular due to its simplicity and reliability, but its fixed perturbation step size results in low tracking efficiency, MPP fluctuation, high power loss, and poor performance. This study proposes an improved IC (IMP-IC) method using indirect control based on a PID controller with an adjustable step size. The IMP-IC approach is simple, cost-effective, and implementable using a low-cost ATmega328 microcontroller on the Arduino Uno board. Simulations in the Proteus environment compared its performance to other MPPT techniques like conventional IC, zone voltage (ZV), fuzzy logic (FL), and novel adjustable step InC (NAS-INC). Results under various weather conditions, including rapid changes and EN50530 testing standards, indicate the IMP-IC approach outperforms existing methods. Specifically, it achieved an average tracking time of 0.12 seconds and tracking efficiencies of 99.40 % (static) and 99.88 % (dynamic). The IMP-IC method showed negligible power losses and fluctuations, a quick convergence speed and significantly lower implementation complexity. These attributes position the IMP-IC method as an effective solution for enhancing the reliability and performance of PV systems.
An Enhanced Incremental Conductance MPPT Approach for PV Power Optimization: A Simulation and Experimental Study
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Younes Abouelmahjoub, Hajar Doubabi
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2024
Implementation of a low-cost current perturbation-based improved PO MPPT approach using Arduino board for photovoltaic systems
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Mouncef El Marghichi, El Mahdi Bouabdalli, Ambe Harrison, Hassan Abouobaida
E Prime Advances in Electrical Engineering Electronics and Energy, 2024
• This paper presents an enhanced PO MPPT strategy featuring an adaptable step-magnitude mechanism. • The improved PO strategy utilizes current perturbation rather than the traditional voltage perturbation, leading to enhanced tracking performance. • It maintains low complexity, allowing for straightforward implementation on an affordable Arduino Uno board. • The strategy can be integrated with a PID controller using streamlined C++ code, eliminating the need for separate PID blocks and reducing overall system complexity. • It achieves remarkable static and dynamic tracking efficiencies of 99.88% and 99.38%, respectively. • Compared to traditional PO, PSO, FLC, and Zone Voltage (ZV) methods, it demonstrates minimal power loss and fluctuations. • It exhibits the fastest convergence speed and the shortest tracking time, achieving these in just 0.19 seconds. • The approach provides a highly efficient and cost-effective MPPT solution for photovoltaic systems. In photovoltaic (PV) systems, the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by the PV module is influenced by various factors, including sunlight intensity and temperature. To achieve optimal performance, it is crucial to accurately track the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV module. Among the numerous MPP tracking (MPPT) techniques that have been developed, the perturbation and observation (PO) method has gained significant attention due to its simplicity and reliability. However, the fixed perturbation step size used in the traditional PO algorithm can result in poor tracking capability, excessive ripple, and drift, leading to high power loss and low tracking efficiency. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an improved version of the PO strategy that introduces an adaptable step-magnitude mechanism, utilizing current perturbation instead of the voltage perturbation typically employed in the classical PO method. This enhanced indirect PO approach maintains low complexity and can be easily implemented on a cost-effective Arduino Uno board. A streamlined C++ code integrates the improved PO MPPT strategy with a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller, eliminating the need for separate PID blocks and further reducing system complexity. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, comparative analyses are conducted against the traditional PO algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), fuzzy logic control (FLC), and a recently introduced approach, the zone voltage (ZV) method. Simulation results using Proteus software demonstrate that the improved PO approach outperforms the other techniques in various aspects, including achieving the highest static and dynamic tracking efficiencies of 99.38% and 99.88%, respectively, negligible power loss and fluctuations, the fastest convergence speed, and the shortest tracking time of 0.19 seconds .
An efficient implementation of three-level boost converter with capacitor voltage balancing for an advanced MPPT approach in PV Systems
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Younes Abouelmahjoub, Youssef Mchaouar
E Prime Advances in Electrical Engineering Electronics and Energy, 2024
Ensuring optimal extraction of power from photovoltaic (PV) systems under diverse climatic circumstances is a significant challenge, which requires an efficient Maximum Power Point (MPP) Tracking (MPPT) algorithm and an adequate conversion stage. Therefore, this paper proposes an advanced MPPT strategy implemented by a Three-Level Boost converter (TLB), which serves as the interface between the PV generator and the DC load, offering advantages such as reduced output voltage distortion, minimized inductor current ripple, and decreased switching losses. To achieve more accurate tracking, a robust voltage balance control across the TLB converter capacitors is also suggested. The proposed system is meticulously implemented and evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink, demonstrating its robust control capabilities in MPP tracking and voltage balancing across the TLB converter capacitors under diverse climatic scenarios. Furthermore, comparative analysis under various test circumstances including static and dynamic insolation conditions and sudden load variations, shows that the suggested MPPT algorithm offers noteworthy improvements over the InC algorithm. Additionally, a thorough comparison with existing research methods proves its effectiveness over these methods. The advanced MPPT strategy achieves a steady-state error of 0 W, an average tracking efficiency between 99.13 % and 99.44%, and fast-tracking velocity. Further, a comprehensive real-time evaluation using the cutting-edge RT-LAB platform confirms the consistency of the results with the simulation outputs, emphasizing the robustness and low implementation complexity of the overall proposed control strategy.
Efficient and robust control of a standalone PV-storage system: An integrated single sensor-based nonlinear controller with TSCC-battery management
Hamid Belghiti, Khalid Kandoussi, Ambe Harrison, Rania Benbba, Rabie El Otmani, Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, El Mostafa Sadek
Journal of Energy Storage, 2024
Modelling photovoltaic modules with enhanced accuracy using particle swarm clustered optimization
Acta Imeko, 2024
Synthesis, structural, and optical behavior of erbium-doped silicophosphate glasses for photonics applications
El Mahdi Bouabdalli, Mohamed El Jouad, Samira Touhtouh, Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Abdelowahed Hajjaji
Luminescence, 2024
A novel theta MPPT approach based on adjustable step size for photovoltaic system applications under various atmospheric conditions
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Younes Abouelmahjoub
Energy Systems, 2024
Performance optimization of photovoltaic system under real climatic conditions using a novel MPPT approach
Hamid Belghiti, Khalid Kandoussi, Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Youssef Mchaouar, Rabie El Otmani, El Mostafa Sadek
Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects, 2024
An improved adaptable step-size P&O MPPT approach for standalone photovoltaic systems with battery station
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Younes Abouelmahjoub
Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 2022
An Advanced MPPT Scheme for PV Systems Application with Less Output Ripple Magnitude of the Boost Converter
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Younes Abouelmahjoub
International Journal of Photoenergy, 2022
An innovative Fast-Converging speed MPPT approach without oscillation for temperature varying in photovoltaic systems applications
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Younes Abouelmahjoub
Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects, 2022
Nonlinear Observation and Control of Series Active Power Filters in the Presence of Voltage Sags
Y. Abouelmahjoub, S. El Beid, H. Abouobaida, Abdelkhalek Chellakhi
International Journal of Photoenergy, 2022
Optimization of Power Extracting from Photovoltaic Systems Based on a Novel Adaptable Step INC MPPT Approach
A Chellakhi, S. El Beid, Y. Abouelmahjoub, Y. Mchaouar
IFAC Papersonline, 2022
Nonlinear control of active power filter connected to photovoltaic system
Younes Abouelmahjoub, Hassan Abouobaida, Said El Beid, Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Salaheddine Elouarraki
Materials Today Proceedings, 2022
Advanced Control and Observation of Shunt Active Power Filter Connected to PV System
Y. Abouelmahjoub, Y. Mchaouar, A. Chellakhi, A. Abouloifa, H. Abouobaida, S. El Beid, M. Kissaoui, F. Giri, M. Moutchou
IFAC Papersonline, 2022
Nonlinear control of single stage grid-tied photovoltaic systems based on a 3L-NPC topology
Y. Mchaouar, Y. Abouelmahjoub, A. Abouloifa, H. Abouobaida, A. Chellakhi, I. Lachkar, F. Giri, A. Elalli, C. Taghzaoui, S. El Beid
IFAC Papersonline, 2022
Implementation of a Novel MPPT Tactic for PV System Applications on MATLAB/Simulink and Proteus-Based Arduino Board Environments
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Y. Abouelmahjoub
International Journal of Photoenergy, 2021
An Improved Maximum Power Point Approach for Temperature Variation in PV System Applications
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Y. Abouelmahjoub
International Journal of Photoenergy, 2021
Ripples Amplitude Minimizing of the Output Boost Converter Using An Innovative MPPT Controller for PV Systems Applications
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Y. Abouelmahjoub
2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronics Control Optimization and Computer Science Icecocs 2020, 2020
Nonlinear control strategy of full bridge shunt active power filter
Y. Abouelmahjoub, H. Abouobaida, S. El Beid, Abdelkhalek Chellakhi
2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronics Control Optimization and Computer Science Icecocs 2020, 2020
Advanced nonlinear control of single phase half bridge series active power filter
Y. Abouelmahjoub, S. El Beid, H. Abouobaida, Abdelkhalek Chellakhi
2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronics Control Optimization and Computer Science Icecocs 2020, 2020
A Study and Implementation of Interleaved Boost Converter with a Novel MPPT Tactic for PV Systems
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, Said El Beid, Y. Abouelmahjoub, H. Abouobaida
2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronics Control Optimization and Computer Science Icecocs 2020, 2020
A novel MPPT tactic for PV systems with fast-converging speed and zero oscillation
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, El Beid Said, Abouelmahjoub Younes
2020 5th International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries Redec 2020, 2020
An improved MPPT tactic for PV system under temperature variation
Abdelkhalek Chellakhi, El Beid Said, Abouelmahjoub Younes
2019 8th International Conference on Systems and Control ICSC 2019, 2019