AI-based scaffolding and conceptual understanding: evidence from Indonesian students using PLS-SEM Nuryanis Nuryanis, Toto Nusantara, Nurul Murtadho, Siti Faizah International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 2026 <span>The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has increased interest in AI-based scaffolding (AIS) to support conceptual learning, particularly in teacher education. However, empirical evidence explaining how learners’ cognitive, self-regulatory, and technological characteristics jointly shape perceptions of AIS remains limited, especially in developing country contexts. This study examines the predictive relationships among conceptual understanding (CU), cognitive engagement (CE), self-regulated learning (SRL), perceived ease of use (PEOU), AI self-efficacy (AISE), and perceived scaffolding quality in explaining Indonesian undergraduate teacher education students’ perceptions of AIS. Using a quantitative explanatory–predictive design, data were collected from 157 students and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that SRL, PEOU, and AISE are the strongest predictors of perceived AIS, while CU, CE, and scaffolding quality also show significant positive associations. These findings highlight the importance of learner readiness and instructional design in AI-enhanced learning environments. Practically, teacher education programs should integrate AI scaffolding that explicitly supports self-regulation, builds students’ confidence in using AI tools, and promotes sustained CE in complex learning tasks.</span>
The STAR Reflective Growth Cycle: An Integrative Framework Linking Growth Mindset, Mathematics Anxiety, and Fraction Numeracy in Elementary Teacher Education Fathimah Az Zahra Nasiruddin, Toto Nusantara, Erry Hidayanto, Indriati Nurul Hidayah, Nenny Indrawati Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2026 Mathematics anxiety and limited understanding of fractions remain persistent challenges in elementary teacher education, often constraining conceptual learning and instructional confidence. Addressing these challenges requires learning frameworks that integrate cognitive, affective, and reflective processes. This study examines the relationships among growth mindset, mathematics anxiety, and fraction numeracy within the framework of the STAR Reflective Growth Cycle, an integrative reflective learning framework for pre-service elementary teachers. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed involving 71 pre-service teachers. Quantitative data were collected using a growth mindset scale, a mathematics anxiety scale, and a fraction numeracy test. Qualitative data were obtained through structured self-assessment reflections aligned with the four-STAR phases: self-awareness, take action, analysis and self-assessment, and rise and growth. The results indicate that a growth mindset is positively associated with fraction numeracy and negatively associated with mathematics anxiety. Regression analysis further shows that a growth mindset significantly predicts fraction numeracy performance, accounting for 35.9% of the variance. These relationships should be interpreted as associative rather than causal, consistent with the correlational design of the study. Qualitative findings reveal a gradual shift from anxiety and avoidance toward reflective persistence, strategic engagement, and increased confidence across the STAR phases. These findings provide interpretive insight into participants’ experiences rather than evidence of causal impact. Overall, the findings suggest the potential relevance of structured reflective learning frameworks that integrate belief, emotion, and self-assessment in understanding numeracy development within elementary teacher education.
Developing a Grounded Theory of Computational Thinking Patterns in Pre-service Primary Teachers’ Mathematical Problem Solving Rusdial Marta, Toto Nusantara, Adi Atmoko, Sri Rahayuningsih Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2026 This research project will define and trace the features of computational thinking (CT) of pre-service primary school educators in solving contextual mathematics problems. The qualitative paradigm with grounded theory design was adopted, which allowed the development of the theory with the use of empirical data. The problem-solving test according to Polya steps and semi-structured interview aiming at four CT indicators decomposition, pattern recognition, algorithmic thinking, and debugging were used to collect the data. The analysis of data was conducted according to the model suggested by Gioia as it included open coding, first-order concepts, second-order themes, and aggregate dimensions. The findings showed that there are three different patterns of CT characteristics namely systematic-conceptual, pragmatic-exploratory, and procedural-linear, and the results demonstrate the difference in CT application between university students and the need to improve reflective thinking and strategic approaches in teacher education. The study will assist in designing computational thinking-based mathematics programmes and instruction methods in the primary school level.
Exploring truth-seeking characteristics based on logical reasoning in solving mathematical literacy problems Rissa Prima Kurniawati, Toto Nusantara, Erry Hidayanto, Tri Kuncoro Cogent Education, 2026 Truth-seeking is a critical thinking disposition that plays an essential role in solving mathematical literacy problems. However, many elementary school students lack truth-seeking skills. Therefore, action is needed to encourage students to develop truth-seeking skills. This study aims to describe the truth-seeking characteristics of elementary school students based on logical reasoning in solving mathematical literacy problems. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed. Data were collected through interviews and student responses to mathematical literacy problems. The data analysis involved reviewing, summarising, selecting, and validating authentic data using triangulation. The results indicated that four students demonstrated truth-seeking tendencies. The characteristics of truth-seeking observed include: (1) information analysis; (2) curiosity & questioning; (3) strategy development; (4) evaluation & verification; and (5) conclusion & reflection.
How Students Think About a Reverse Problem of Derivative: A Study of Arnon’s Coordination in Mental Mechanism Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 2025
Developing Web-Based Module as a Scaffold to Enhance Students' Numeracy Ahmad Hasan Saifurrisal, Purwanto Purwanto, Toto Nusantara, Sudirman Sudirman ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 2025 Numeracy is a critical part of 21st‑century skills. However, students lack numeracy skills after graduating from secondary school to cope with the standards of both private and work lives. It is important to integrate numeracy in learning. Therefore, scaffolding on each numeracy process indicator must be implemented in order to improve students’ numeracy skills. However, it is challenging to provide each student sufficient one-on-one scaffolding. Computer-based scaffolds, in the form of e-modules, with a sensitive and gradual support adaptation become a solution. Since no modules with scaffolds have ever been developed to enhance student's numeracy, this research aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective web-based module of counting rules as a scaffold to enhance students’ numeracy through the PBL model. This study was developmental research using Branch's ADDIE model which consists of five stages: (1) analyze, (2) design, (3) develop, (4) implement, and (5) evaluate.
Teacher noticing in reviewing Student Anxiety and Engagement in the Classroom: A Systematic Literature Review Journal of Institutional Research South East Asia, 2024
Students' Analytical Questions and Interaction Patterns in Group Discussion Facilitated with a Scientific Approach Learning Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 2022
Identification metacognitive failure based on the statistical reasoning level International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2020
Partial functional relationship generalization of junior high school students in solving pattern problem International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2020
Generalisation of relations between quantity variations through arithmetic sequences in functional thinking International Journal of Innovation Creativity and Change, 2020
The exploration of argument scheme expression in students' proof construction International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2020
Instructional explanation strategies: Forms of teachers pedagogic decisions to help students understand the concept of the sinus rule International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2019
Testing alpha-beta parameters of holt method for time series forecasting International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2019
Accuracy analysis of ANN back propagation, neuro-fuzzy, and radial basis function: A case of HDI forecasting Department of Mathematics, Muhammadiyah University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia, Syaharuddin, Dewi Pramita, Department of Mathematics, Muhammadiyah University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia, Toto Nusantara, Department of Mathematics, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia, Subanji, Department of Mathematics, State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2019
Anticipating failure of students’ productive connective thinking transformation in solving mathematical problems International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2019
Solve integral problems in perspective of visual thinking ability International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2019
Direct proportion or inverse proportion? The occurrence of student thinking interference International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2019
PREFACE Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2019
Critical thinking disposition: Students skeptic in dealing with ill-logical mathematics problem Teacher in STKIP Muhammadiyah Kotabumi, Indonesia, purnabayupvz@gmail.com, Purna Bayu Nugroho, Toto Nusantara, Prof., State University of Malang, Indonesia, toto.nusantara.fmipa@um.ac.id, Abdur Rahman As’ari, Dr., State University of Malang, Indonesia, abdur.rahman.fmipa@um.ac.id, Sisworo Sisworo, Dr., State University of Malang, Indonesia, faizalr@usm.my, Erry Hidayanto, Dr., State University of Malang, Indonesia, erry.hidayanto.fmipa@um.ac.id, Susiswo Susiswo, Dr., State University of Malang, Indonesia, susiswo.fmipa@um.ac.id International Journal of Instruction, 2018
The necessary and sufficient condition for boundedness of fractional integral operator in Morrey space on non-homogeneous spaces Far East Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 2012
Fractional integral operator and olsen inequality in the non-homogeneous classic Morrey space International Journal of Mathematical Analysis, 2012
Exploring truth-seeking characteristics based on logical reasoning in solving mathematical literacy problems RP Kurniawati, T Nusantara, E Hidayanto, T Kuncoro Cogent Education 13 (1), 2611578 , 2026 2026
Artificial intelligence-enhanced inquiry-based learning and higher-order thinking skills: a meta-analysis NIP Yulanda, R Gestiardi, Subanji, T Nusantara, P Setyosari Learning: Research and Practice, 1-16 , 2026 2026
The Integration of Digital Interactive Whiteboards in Elementary School Education: A Literature Review Based on the TPACK Framework KN Saputri, AE Anggraini, T Nusantara, R Pristiani, S Arifin Cybersecurity and Innovative Technology Journal 4 (1), 17-32 , 2026 2026
Penguatan Kapasitas Guru SLB Melalui Pelatihan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) dan Artificial Intelligence (AI) untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran N Faiziyah, H Faizah, NP Sari, L Anwar, T Nusantara, TE Lestari, ... Jurnal Medika: Medika, 1934-1842 , 2026 2026
Analytic Reasoning Process of High School Students In Solving Quadratic Equation Problems Based on Computational Thinking Skills AC Lestari, YA Fatoni, T Nusantara, M Musar Jurnal Riset Pendidikan dan Inovasi Pembelajaran Matematika 10 (1), 59-73 , 2026 2026
The Effect of Discovery Learning on the Critical and Creative Thinking Abilities of Grade IV Elementary School Students AN Rizky, T Nusantara, IS Rufiana Journal of Educational Sciences 10 (4), 542-555 , 2026 2026
Developing a Grounded Theory of Computational Thinking Patterns in Pre-service Primary Teachers’ Mathematical Problem Solving R Marta, T Nusantara, A Atmoko, S Rahayuningsih Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities 34 (1) , 2026 2026
Development Of Smart M3d Media (Simulated Media Augmented Reality Technology Mathematics 3 Dimensions) To Improve Creative Thinking In Elementary Schools K Nikmah, T Nusantara, S Arifin JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies) 10 (1), 141-146 , 2026 2026
Development Of A Jember Local Wisdom Based E-Lkpd Using Articulate Storyline 3 To Improve Elementary Students’ Numeracy Literacy Skills A Azyahra, T Nusantara, S Faizah JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies) 10 (1), 136-240 , 2026 2026
ICT Innovation: Helping Slow Learners and Hyperactive Elementary School Students Understand Number Operations UR Jannah, S Wulandari, AH Mustaamal, T Nusantara, H Basri, Rahmad, ... Proceedings of the 2026 3rd International Conference on Informatics … , 2026 2026
A Web-Based Adaptive Learning System for Personalized Development of Higher-Order Thinking Skills Using Differentiated Instruction to Support Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs) AQ Firdaus, T Nusantara, HS Rustanto Rahardi, N Nofriansyah, R Alfaris, ... Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Special Issue on 3rd … , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
Responsive Differentiation Strategies in Mathematics: Teachers' Instructional Decision-Making Practices AQ Firdaus, T Nusantara, R Rahardi, H Susanto 2025
A look at students’ cognitive obstacles in mathematical proof from assimilation and accommodation frameworks: A qualitative study I Nursit, T Nusantara, E Hidayanto, Sudirman AIP Conference Proceedings 3446 (1), 030025 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
The Implementation of Metacognitive Strategies in Elementary Mathematics Learning: A Systematic Literature Review JHR Yeza, T Nusantara, S Rahayuningsih, RSI Dewi, R Ekawati Sekolah Dasar: Kajian Teori dan Praktik Pendidikan 34 (2), 217-233 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DIGITAL BERBASIS CRITICAL THINKING PADA MATERI EKOSISTEM DI KELAS V SP Purnama, T Nusantara, A Mashfufah EDUPROXIMA (JURNAL ILMIAH PENDIDIKAN IPA) 7 (4), 1985-1993 , 2025 2025
Implementation of Deep Learning in Elementary School Improving the Effectiveness and Quality of IPAS Learning H Luthfiyah, T Nusantara, S Faizah, SR Kusumaningrum ELSE (Elementary School Education Journal): Jurnal Pendidikan dan … , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
MEMORISED REASONING: ANALISIS PENALARAN MATEMATIS SISWA SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL AKM NUMERASI Z Maziidah, T Nusantara, M Hafiizh JP2M (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Matematika) 11 (2), 1074-1087 , 2025 2025
STRATEGI REPRESENTASI VISUAL DAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH NUMERASI: ANALISIS METODE GIOIA PADA SISWA SMP M Hassanah, T Nusantara, R Rahardi JP2M (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Matematika) 11 (2), 809-823 , 2025 2025
Penerapan Keterampilan Metakognitif Untuk Meningkatkan Kesadaran Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar ND Andayani, T Nusantara, R Pristiani, AE Anggraini, S Faizah JP2M (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Matematika) 11 (2), 1006-1019 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Implications of Digital Skills on the Professionalism of Teachers at the Pager Public Elementary School Education Unit in Facing Disruption in Education F Munawaroh, OA Suciptaningsih, T Nusantara ELSE (Elementary School Education Journal): Jurnal Pendidikan dan … , 2025 2025
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
IOP conference series: Earth and environmental science B Lin, Q Lin, W Lai IOP publishing , 2021 2021 Citations: 979
Problem solving in the context of computational thinking S Maharani, MN Kholid, LN Pradana, T Nusantara Infinity Journal 8 (2), 109-116 , 2019 2019 Citations: 166
COMPUTITONAL THINKING Pemecahan Masalah di Abad Ke-2 S Maharani, T Nusantara, AR As’ari, A Qohar BuatBuku. com , 2020 2020 Citations: 100
An application of flipped classroom in mathematics teacher education programme K Umam, T Nusantara, I Parta, E Hidayanto, H Mulyono International Association of Online Engineering , 2019 2019 Citations: 72
Students' Errors in Solving the Permutation and Combination Problems Based on Problem Solving Steps of Polya. T Nusantara, TD Chandra International Education Studies 9 (2), 11-16 , 2016 2016 Citations: 72
Content and pedagogical knowledge of prospective teachers in mathematics learning: commognitive framework M Zayyadi, T Nusantara, E Hidayanto, IM Sulandra, C Sa'dıjah Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists 8 (1), 515-532 , 2020 2020 Citations: 63
A commognitive framework: The process of solving mathematical problems of middle school students M Zayyadi, T Nusantara, S Subanji, E Hidayanto, IM Sulandra International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 18 (2 … , 2019 2019 Citations: 63
Critical Thinking Disposition: Students Skeptic in Dealing with Ill-Logical Mathematics Problem. PB Nugroho, T Nusantara, AR As' ari, E Hidayanto International Journal of Instruction 11 (3), 635-648 , 2018 2018 Citations: 60
Thinking Process of Pseudo Construction in Mathematics Concepts. T Nusantara International Education Studies 9 (2), 17-31 , 2016 2016 Citations: 58
Analisis kesalahan penyelesaian soal prosedural bentuk pangkat bulat dan scaffoldingnya NM Khanifah, T Nusantara Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika 1 (3), 3 , 2013 2013 Citations: 55
Computational thinking: Media pembelajaran CSK (CT-Sheet for Kids) dalam matematika PAUD S Maharani, T Nusantara, AR As’ari, A Qohar Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 5 (1), 975-984 , 2020 2020 Citations: 53
Deskripsi Kesalahan Siswa pada Penyelesaian Masalah sistem persamaan linear tiga variabel (SPLTV) Y Kuswanti, S Sudirman, T Nusantara Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan 3 (7), 865-872 , 2018 2018 Citations: 53
How Do the Undergraduate Students Use an Example in Mathematical Proof Construction: A Study Based on Argumentation and Proving Activity. CM Laamena, T Nusantara, EB Irawan, M Muksar International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education 13 (3), 185-198 , 2018 2018 Citations: 48
Studi etnomatematika pada makanan tradisional Cilacap L Choeriyah, T Nusantara AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika 11 (2), 210-218 , 2020 2020 Citations: 45
Changing in mathematical identity of elementary school students through group learning activities LR Hima, T Nusantara, E Hidayanto, S Rahardjo International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education 11 (5), 461-469 , 2019 2019 Citations: 43
Constructive Metacognitive Activity Shift in Mathematical Problem Solving. ID Hastuti, T Nusantara, H Susanto Educational Research and Reviews 11 (8), 656-667 , 2016 2016 Citations: 43
Exploring local plausible reasoning: the case of inequality tasks I Rofiki, T Nusantara, Subanji, TD Chandra Journal of Physics: Conference Series 943 (1), 012002 , 2017 2017 Citations: 42
The Characteristic of the Process of Students' Metacognition in Solving Calculus Problems. D Purnomo, T Nusantara, S Rahardjo International Education Studies 10 (5), 13-25 , 2017 2017 Citations: 42
Profil kemampuan komunikasi matematis peserta didik dalam pemecahan masalah soal cerita C Ma'rifah, C Sa’dijah, S Subanji, T Nusantara Edu Sains Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematika 8 (2), 43-56 , 2020 2020 Citations: 41
The Failure to Construct Proof Based on Assimilation and Accommodation Framework from Piaget. S Netti, T Nusantara, S Subanji, A Abadyo, L Anwar International Education Studies 9 (12), 12-22 , 2016 2016 Citations: 41
