Hydro Power Plant Instrumentation and Power System
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Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
A simplified three-diode model for photovoltaic module: cell modeling and performance analysis Bhanu Prakash Saripalli, Gagan Singh, Sonika Singh World Journal of Engineering, 2024 Purpose Estimation of solar cell parameters, mathematical modeling and the actual performance analysis of photovoltaic (PV) cells at various ecological conditions are very important in the design and analysis of maximum power point trackers and power converters. This study aims to propose the analysis and modeling of a simplified three-diode model based on the manufacturer’s performance data. Design/methodology/approach A novel technique is presented to evaluate the PV cell constraints and simplify the existing equation using analytical and iterative methods. To examine the current equation, this study focuses on three crucial operational points: open circuit, short circuit and maximum operating points. The number of parameters needed to estimate these built-in models is decreased from nine to five by an effective iteration method, considerably reducing computational requirements. Findings The proposed model, in contrast to the previous complex nine-parameter three-diode model, simplifies the modeling and analysis process by requiring only five parameters. To ensure the reliability and accuracy of this proposed model, its results were carefully compared with datasheet values under standard test conditions (STC). This model was implemented using MATLAB/Simulink and validated using a polycrystalline solar cell under STC conditions. Originality/value The proposed three-diode model clearly outperforms the earlier existing two-diode model in terms of accuracy and performance, especially in lower irradiance settings, according to the results and comparison analysis.
Advanced parameter extraction optimization technique for the four-diode model approach Bhanu Prakash Saripalli, Bharati Gamgula, Revathi Ravilisetty, Prashant Kumar, Gagan Singh, Sonika Singh E Prime Advances in Electrical Engineering Electronics and Energy, 2024 • An advanced dynamic inertia particle swarm optimization with velocity clamping (ADIPSO-VC) method is proposed for the Four-diode model (FDM) parameter extraction. • The integration of dynamic inertia, and velocity clamping to traditional PSO fine-tune the search spaces and significantly enhances the computational efficiency of the proposed ADIPSO-VC. • To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method it is tested against the other algorithms simulated annealing, and conventional PSO. • Root mean square difference (RMSD), mean absolute error (MAbE), and relative error (RE) have also been employed to validate the comparative analysis. • The proposed ADIPSO-VC approach can be employed for the application of optimization of design parameters for extremely complex and Non-linear parameter spaces. Accurate performance estimation of photovoltaic devices is important in optimizing the efficiency and cost of the photovoltaic systems. The one-diode and two-diode models are used because they concisely represent the current-voltage (I-V) variations. However, these models mainly focus on the fundamental mechanism of diffusion and Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. Four-diode model (FDM) is developed from the standard three-diode model used to enhance the precision of PV system performance estimations. However, the better-detailed FDM offers modeling of other recombination and leakage currents that occur in rather complex solar cells or advanced cells like heterojunction, multijunction, or perovskite ones. This model helps to get a more accurate picture of the PV cell operation as several diodes are added to model recombination processes and defects. This work makes use of sophisticated forms of parameter extraction aimed at promoting the optimization of algorithms such as the one known as Advanced Dynamic Inertia-Particle Swarm Optimization with Velocity Clamping or ADIPSO-VC. For comparison with FDM, a three-diode model (THDM) is utilized, and the outcome of the former is then analyzed against the latter. In addition, as a confirmation of the reliability and repeatability of the results obtained by applying the developed algorithm for parameter extraction, FDM is compared with classical methods. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method it is tested against the other algorithms Simulated annealing, and conventional PSO. Based on the comparison, it is evident that ADIPSO-VC surpasses the other methods by demonstrating lower error rates and shorter computational time.
Performance of 5 Years of ESE Lightning Protection System: A Review Sachin Kumar, Gagan Singh, Nafees Ahamad Clean and Renewable Energy Production, 2024 This article shows a 5-year performance review of an early streamer emission (ESE) air terminal lightning protection system for a large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plant. The differentiation of a Franklin lightning protection system and the ESE lightning protection system was evaluated for the PV power plant. The ESE lightning protection system was preferred to be executed in the PV power plant. In an area of 150,000 m 2 , the calculated total capacity of the PV power plant was 8 MWp in Phetchaburi Province of Western Thailand. A Franklin-type lightning rod was also planned to be executed in this PV power plant. The Franklin-type lightning rod involved 122 pieces; however, the ESE-type lightning rod involved only 11 pieces. The technical design of the Franklin-type rod followed the standard of the Council of Engineers, Thailand, while the ESE-type lightning rod followed the NFC17102 standard of France. The approximate cost of installation was a basic differentiation to choose the lightning protection system. The total installation cost of the Franklin-type lightning rod was USD 197,363.60, while that of the ESE-type lightning rod was USD 44,338.16. The lightning structure was applied to the lightning arrester in the power plant to give fine protection, through which the equity of the pole to the mounting position is needed to improve the system performance. The outcome of the simulation also displayed that the shading effects of the Franklin-type rod were larger than those of the ESE-type rod. The installation cost of the Franklin-type lightning rod was 4.45 times more costly than that of the ESE-type lightning rod. Thus, the ESE lightning protection system was preferred to be applied in the PV power plant. From the list of recorded data of the 5-year (2016–2020) performance of the ESE lightning protection system, there were three incidents of a lightning strike on the PV power plant. The ESE lightning protection system more effectively protected and prevented the lightning strike to the PV power plant. Thus, this analysis can help with and support the choice of a lightning system for the protection of broad-scale PV power plants in the future.
Supercapacitors based energy storage system for mitigating solar photovoltaic output power fluctuations Bhanu Prakash Saripalli, Gagan Singh, Sonika Singh World Journal of Engineering, 2023 Purpose Non-linear power–voltage characteristics of solar cell and frequently changing output due to variation in solar irradiance caused by movement of clouds are the major issues need to be considered in photovoltaic (PV) penetration to maintain the power quality of the grid. It is important for a PV module to always function at its maximum available power point to increase the efficiency and to maintain the grid stability. A possible solution to mitigate these generation fluctuations is the use of an electric double-layer capacitor or supercapacitor energy storage device, which is an efficient storage device for power smoothing applications. This study aims to propose a power smoothing control approach to smoothen out the output power variations of a solar PV system using a supercapacitor energy storage device. Design/methodology/approach To extract the maximum possible power from a PV panel, there are several maximum power points tracking (MPPT) algorithms developed in literature. Fuzzy logic controller-MPPT method is used in this work as it is a very efficient and popular technique which responds quickly under varying ecological conditions, reduced computational complexity and does not depend on any system constraints. Fuzzy logic-based MPPT controller by Boost DC–DC converter is developed for operating the PV panels at available maximum power point. Fuzzy logic-proportional integral (PI) charge controller is implemented by Buck–Boost converter to provide the constant current and suitable voltage for supercapacitor and to achieve better power smoothing. PI charge controller is preferred in this work as it offers better outcomes and is very easy to implement. Findings Simulation results conclude that the proposed power smoothing control approach can efficiently smooth out the power variations under variable irradiance and temperature situations. To confirm the accurateness of the proposed system, it is validated for poly-crystalline PV module and comparison of results is done by using different case study with and without the use of an energy storage system under change in irradiance condition. The proposed system is developed and examined on MATLAB/Simulink environment. Originality/value The performance comparison between PV power output with and without the use of a supercapacitor energy storage device under different Case Studies shows that the improved performance in smoothing of power output was achieved with the use of a supercapacitor energy storage device.
Identification of Type of a Fault in Distribution System Using Shallow Neural Network with Distributed Generation Saurabh Awasthi, Gagan Singh, Nafees Ahamad Energy Engineering Journal of the Association of Energy Engineering, 2023 A distributed generation system (DG) has several benefits over a traditional centralized power system. However, the protection area in the case of the distributed generator requires special attention as it encounters stability loss, failure re-closure, fluctuations in voltage, etc. And thereby, it demands immediate attention in identifying the location & type of a fault without delay especially when occurred in a small, distributed generation system, as it would adversely affect the overall system and its operation. In the past, several methods were proposed for classification and localisation of a fault in a distributed generation system. Many of those methods were accurate in identifying location, but the accuracy in identifying the type of fault was not up to the acceptable mark. The proposed work here uses a shallow artificial neural network (sANN) model for identifying a particular type of fault that could happen in a specific distribution network when used in conjunction with distributed generators. Firstly, a distribution network consisting of two similar distributed generators (DG1 and DG2), one grid, and a 100 Km distribution line is modeled. Thereafter, different voltages and currents corresponding to various faults (line to line, line to ground) at different locations are tabulated, resulting in a matrix of 500 × 18 inputs. Secondly, the sANN is formulated for identifying the types of faults in the system in which the above-obtained data is used to train, validate, and test the neural network. The overall result shows an unprecedented almost zero percent error in identifying the type of the faults.
Identifying Type and Location of a Fault in a Distributed Generation System Saurabh Awasthi, Gagan Singh, Nafees Ahamad International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, 2023 There are numerous advantages of distributed generation system over conventional generation systems, still protection has always been one major challenge in a distributed generation system.However, from the protection point of view, a distributed generator requires special attention on account of stability loss, failure re-closure, fluctuations in voltage, etc.The situation becomes even more challenging with a short circuit fault.And thereby, it becomes substantially more important to exactly locate and determine the fault type without delay, particularly for a small distributed generation system, which otherwise impacts the operation of the system.Several techniques, like the traveling wave methodology, impedance-based, genetic algorithm (GA),fuzzy logic, and support vector machine (SVM) had been discussed in the past to identify the type and location of a fault.However, the accuracy of all these methods has always been a major issue when incorporating them into a real system.The methodology proposed here uses a shallow artificial neural network-based structure that can be trained with real fault and steady-state data for locating and identifying the specific fault type.An elementary system containing two distributed generators and a utility grid has been considered for data recording purposes.Firstly, the training of the system through the recorded simulation data is carried out, followed by the validation and testing through an artificial neural network tool.After successful training and validation, the same data is tested for any given set of conditions.The modeling of the test system has been carried out in Simulink itself.The overall result shows an unprecedented zero percent error in identifying the type of fault.
Power Smoothing Approach to Control Solar Photovoltaic Output Power Fluctuations Using a Supercapacitor Storage System Bhanu Prakash Saripalli, Gagan Singh, Sonika Singh International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, 2022 Non-linear power-voltage characteristics of Solar cell and frequently changing output power due to variation in solar irradiance caused by movement of clouds are the major issues need to be considered in photovoltaic penetration to maintain the power quality of the grid.In recent years several authors have developed the power smoothing approaches for solar photovoltaic system.This work proposes, a power smoothing control approach to smoothen out the power output variations of a Solar photovoltaic system using a supercapacitor energy storage device.Fuzzy logic -Proportional Integral (PI) charge controller are developed for Buck-Boost converter to deliver the constant current and suitable voltage for supercapacitor and to achieve better power smoothing.In this study, Boost converter is working as an MPPT converter to ensure the operation at available peak power point and the Fuzzy controller are developed for Boost converter switches to adjust the duty ratio of the Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) generator.Three different case studies with variable irradiance and temperature are considered for this work and validated on mono-crystalline solar photovoltaic module.To confirm the accuracy of the proposed model comparison of results are studied by using three different case studies with and without the use of Energy Storage System (ESS).The proposed model is developed and examined on MATLAB/Simulink environment.Simulation outcomes shows that it can effectively smooth out the power output variations of the solar photovoltaic system.
Cost Effective Analysis of a Stand-Alone Distributed Generation and Grid Connected Generation System 13th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2022, 2022
A comparative study of PID controller tuning techniques for time delay processes UPB Scientific Bulletin Series C Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019
